连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓小气候、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.08

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 831-839.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.08

连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓小气候、产量和品质的影响

李清斌¹(), 秦奔奔¹, 李盈盈¹, 范凯锋¹, 杨栋², 陈磊¹, 刘鹍³^,^*()

1.慈溪市气象局,浙江慈溪 315300
2.宁波市气象局,浙江宁波 315012
3.中南民族大学,湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2020-09-07 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-05-25
通讯作者: 刘鹍
作者简介:*刘鹍,E-mail:liukun@mail.scuec.edu.cn
李清斌(1983—),男,陕西华县人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事设施作物小气候研究。E-mail:546552352@qq.com
基金资助:
宁波市气象局科技项目(NBQX2018013B);浙江省重点研发计划子项目(2018C02011)

Effects of continuous rain and sunless weather on microclimate, strawberry growth and quality in greenhouse

LI Qingbin¹(), QIN Benben¹, LI Yingying¹, FAN Kaifeng¹, YANG Dong², CHEN Lei¹, LIU Kun³^,^*()

1. Cixi Bureau of Meteorology, Cixi 315300, China
2. Ningbo Bureau of Meteorology, Ningbo 315012, China
3. South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2020-09-07 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-05-25
Contact: LIU Kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析冬春季连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓产量和品质的定量化影响,探究其影响规律,促进草莓生产减灾增收,实验筛选3个连阴雨寡日照天气发生较重的典型受灾年份,将未发生该灾害的相近年份同时段作为对照,对比分析草莓棚内气象要素、果实产量和品质相关指标,根据上述年度数据差异进一步分析了受灾最重年份逐月果实产量品质指标,以探究连阴雨寡日照天气对大棚草莓果实生长、果实产量、品质等相关指标的影响。结果显示,连阴雨寡日照年份与对照年份的棚内各小气候要素差异较明显,与对照年份相比,发生连阴雨寡日照时段的日均温平均偏低2.5 ℃,相对湿度平均偏高13.5%,太阳辐射平均偏低61.4%;连阴雨寡日照年份较对照年份年产量平均减产11.6%,连阴雨导致果实生长迟滞,果实横纵径均较对照年份偏小,果实畸形和病害影响加重,畸、烂果明显比正常年份偏多;连阴雨寡日照年份逐月产量受影响较重,且有滞后发灾特点,该灾害发生时段对可溶性固形物抑制作用较明显,当灾害结束、天气转好后,该指标能在较短时间内反弹。本研究可为下一步开展大棚草莓连阴雨寡日照灾害防御技术研究奠定基础。

关键词: 大棚草莓, 连阴雨, 寡日照, 大棚小气候, 果实产量, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the quantitative impact of continuous rain and sunless weather on yield and quality of strawberry in greenhouses in winter and spring, find out the regularity of its occurrence, and promote the production of strawberry, decrease the disasters and increase income, in this experiment, three disaster stricken years with severe continuous rain and sunless weather were selected, and the same period of the adjacent year without continuous rain and sunless weather was chosen as a control to compare and analyze the meteorological elements, yield and quality related indicators of the greenhouse strawberry. According to the difference of the above annual data, monthly fruit yield and quality indices in the worst hit years were further analyzed, in order to discover how the growth, yield, quality and other related indicators of strawberry were affected. The results showed that microclimate elements in the greenhouse were significantly different between typical continuous rain and sunless weather year and control year. The average daily temperature during the continuous rain and sunless weather period was 2.5 ℃ lower than the control year, the relative humidity was 13.5% higher, and the average solar radiation was 61.4% lower; The average annual yield of the disaster year was 11.6% lower than that of the control year. Continuous rain had caused retardation in fruit growth, at the same time, fruit diameter and length were smaller, and influence of fruit deformity and disease increased, deformed and rotten fruit increased significantly, The monthly output of disaster period in typical years was seriously affected and it had delayed disaster characteristics; Effect of continuous rain on soluble solids was more obviously, when the weather conditions had improved after the disaster, the indicator could recover in a relatively short period. This study could provide solid foundation for the next research on the prevention technology of continuous rain and sunless weather disasters about the greenhouse strawberry.

Key words: greenhouse strawberry, continuous rain, sunless weather, greenhouse microclimate, fruit yield, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S668.4

李清斌, 秦奔奔, 李盈盈, 范凯锋, 杨栋, 陈磊, 刘鹍. 连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓小气候、产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(5): 831-839.

LI Qingbin, QIN Benben, LI Yingying, FAN Kaifeng, YANG Dong, CHEN Lei, LIU Kun. Effects of continuous rain and sunless weather on microclimate, strawberry growth and quality in greenhouse[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(5): 831-839.

图/表 6

表1 2011—2019年连阴雨寡日照发生年份与对照年份各小气候要素对比

Table 1 Comparison of microclimate elements between continuous rain and sunless years and control years from 2011 to 2019

发生时段 Time	持续天数 Duration days/d	平均气温 Average temperature/℃	平均湿度 Average humidity/%	太阳辐射日平均值 Average solar radiation/(W·m^-2)	备注 Notes
2012-02-05—2012-02-16	11	8.3	93.1	32.4	02-08晴天 Sunny on 02-08
2012-02-21—2012-03-09	18	9.7	94.5	33.0
2013-02-02—2013-02-15	14	9.5	94.9	34.7	02-10多云 Cloudy on 02-10
2014-02-02—2014-02-13	12	9.2	94.7	31.4
2015-01-25—2015-02-04	11	8.6	96.3	28.4
2015-02-20—2015-03-08	17	9.0	90.8	42.8	03-08晴天Sunny on 03-02
2018-12-30—2019-01-16	18	8.4	90.8	45.4
2019-02-07—2019-03-02	24	6.0	90.0	39.9
2011-02-21—2011-03-09	17	13.1	79.7	105.6
2016-02-20—2016-03-08	18	10.3	77.0	117.3
2018-02-07—2018-03-02	24	9.9	82.2	56.7	02-14—02-18,02-20—02-21,寡照
					02-14—02-18,02-20—02-21, Sunless weather

表2 连阴雨寡日照年份与对照年份草莓产量、品质对比

Table 2 Comparison of yield and quality of strawberry between continuous rain and sunless years and control years

年份 Year	小区产量 Plot yield/kg	总果数 Fruit number	果横径 Fruit width/cm	果纵径 Fruit length/cm	单果质量 Fruit weight/g	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content/%	畸烂果率 Rotten fruit rate/%
2011	3.9±0.6 a	220.0±13.2 a	3.2±0.5 a	4.2±0.5 a	17.4±9.6 a	11.1±1.0 a	8.0±1.0 a
2012	3.5±0.1 b	219.0±4.3 a	2.6±0.6 b	3.3±0.6 b	15.8±10.8 b	10.1±1.3 b	9.0±4.0 a
2015	3.9±0.9 b	2250±26.1 b	3.2±0.4 b	4.2±0.4 b	17.0±5.9 a	10.5±1.3 b	18.0±4.8 a
2016	4.5±0.1 a	298.0±7.8 a	3.3±0.1 a	4.4±0.3 a	15.1±1.6 b	11.1±1.1 a	6.0±0.1 b
2019	4.0±0.6 b	236.0±5.3 a	3.5±0.3 b	4.4±0.3 b	16.8±5.3 b	11.1±1.7 a	12.0±1.2 a
2018	4.5±0.9 a	228.0±44.1 a	3.6±0.2 a	4.5±0.3 a	19.8±2.5 a	10.6±2.2 b	6.0±3.3 b

图1 草莓试验小区连阴雨寡日照年份(2018—2019)与对照年份(2017—2018)各月产量对比柱上无相同小写字母表示与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Monthly output in continuous rain and sunless year (2018—2019) and control year (2017—2018) in the strawberry experimental plot Data marked without the same lowercase letters indicated significant difference compared with the control year at 0.05 level. The same as below.

图2 连阴雨寡照年份(2018—2019)与对照年份(2017—2018)同时段草莓果横径

Fig.2 Fruit width of strawberry in the same period of continuous rain and sunless year (2018—2019) and control year (2017—2018)

图3 连阴雨寡日照年份(2018—2019)与对照年份(2017—2018)各月果实单果质量

Fig.3 Single fruit weight in each month of the continuous rain and sunless year (2018—2019) and control year (2017—2018)

图4 连阴雨寡日照年份(2018—2019)与对照年份(2017—2018)草莓的可溶性固形物含量

Fig.4 Soluble solid content in the continuous rain and sunless year (2018—2019) and control year (2017—2018)

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连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓小气候、产量和品质的影响

Effects of continuous rain and sunless weather on microclimate, strawberry growth and quality in greenhouse

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