化肥减量增效目标下配方肥补贴数字化转型的政企农三方演化博弈分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240843

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1567-1579.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240843

化肥减量增效目标下配方肥补贴数字化转型的政企农三方演化博弈分析

张敏(), 张阳(), 申婧, 虎陈霞

中国计量大学经济与管理学院,浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2024-10-02 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-20
作者简介:张敏(2000—),女,浙江金华人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农村环境治理。E-mail:min_zhang2022@163.com
通讯作者: ^*张阳,E-mail:zhy@cjlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(72104225);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(72004212);国家社会科学基金(20BJY085);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(20NDQN296YB)

Analysis of evolutionary game among government, enterprises and farmers in the digital transformation of formulated fertilizer subsidies aimed at reducing fertilizer use and enhancing efficiency

ZHANG Min(), ZHANG Yang(), SHEN Jing, HU Chenxia

College of Economics & Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2024-10-02 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为持续推进化肥减量增效,探索实现配方肥补贴的数字化转型,构建地方政府、农资店、种植主体的三方演化博弈模型,研究地方政府通过数字化转型赋能补贴流程,激励农资店积极参与数字化平台,引导各类种植主体购买配方肥,实现化肥减量增效的内在机理。研究表明,地方政府实施配方肥补贴数字化转型能有效降低补贴申报、核发成本,既能增强各类种植主体购买配方肥的意愿,又有助于提升补贴政策的效能。适度的财政补贴能保证地方政府数字化转型的持续推进。降低农资店的数字化平台参与成本,有利于农资店积极参与,同时加强地方政府与农资店的紧密合作,有助于提升数字化平台整体效能,激励种植主体“按方购买”。据此,建议强化地方政府数字化服务责任,推动配方肥补贴数字化转型;积极探索政企合作模式,减轻政府数字化转型及服务供给负担;发挥农资店上联下达的桥梁作用,助力种植主体深度融入数字生活。

关键词: 数字化转型, 化肥减量增效, 配方肥补贴, 演化博弈

Abstract:

To continuously promote the fertilizer reduction and efficiency increment, and explore feasible ways to achieve the digital transformation of subsides for formulated fertilizers, a tripartite evolutionary game model was constructed in the present study involving local governments, agricultural supplies stores and farming entities. The internal mechanisms behind local governments’ empowerment of the subsidy process through digital transformation, incentivizing agricultural supplies stores to actively participate in digital platforms, and guiding various farming entities to purchase formulated fertilizers were studied, thereby achieving the goals of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increment. It was revealed that the local governments’ implementation of digital transformation for formulated fertilizer subsidies could effectively reduce the cost of subsidy application and issuance, not only strengthening the willingness of farming entities to purchase formulated fertilizers, but also enhancing the effectiveness of subsidy policies. Meanwhile, moderate financial subsidies could ensure the sustained progress of local governments’ digital transformation. Reducing the cost of agricultural supplies stores’ participation in digital platforms could facilitate their active involvement and strengthen the close cooperation between local governments and these stores, hence enhance the overall effectiveness of the digital platform and motivate farming entities to purchase fertilizers according to the formula. Based on these findings, suggestions were recommended: strengthening local governments’ responsibility for digital services and promoting the digital transformation of formulated fertilizer subsidies; actively exploring government-enterprise cooperation models to alleviate the burden on governments in digital transformation and service provision; and leveraging the bridging role of agricultural supplies stores to facilitate farming entities’ deep integration into digital life.

Key words: digital transformation, fertilizer reduction and efficiency increment, subsidies for formulated fertilizers, evolutionary game

中图分类号:

F323.22

张敏, 张阳, 申婧, 虎陈霞. 化肥减量增效目标下配方肥补贴数字化转型的政企农三方演化博弈分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1567-1579.

ZHANG Min, ZHANG Yang, SHEN Jing, HU Chenxia. Analysis of evolutionary game among government, enterprises and farmers in the digital transformation of formulated fertilizer subsidies aimed at reducing fertilizer use and enhancing efficiency[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(7): 1567-1579.

图/表 7

表1 三方演化博弈支付矩阵

Table 1 Benefit matrix of participants in the evolutionary game

策略组合 Strategy portfolios	地方政府 Local governments	农资店 Agricultural supplies stores	种植主体 Farming entities
(1,1,1)	R₁+E₁+L₁-C₁-(1-a)T₁-(B₁+B₂)Q	E₂+(B₁+P₂-P₁)Q+R₂-C₂	R₃+E₃+ΔR₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-(1-c)T₂
(1,1,0)	R₁-C₁-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-C₂-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(1,0,1)	R₁+E₁+bL₁-C₁-T₁-QB₂	E₂+(P₂-P₁)Q-ΔL₂	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(1,0,0)	R₁-C₁-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(0,1,1)	E₁-T₁-(B₁+B₂)Q	E₂+(B₁+P₂-P₁)Q	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(0,1,0)	-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(0,0,1)	E₁-T₁-B₂Q	E₂+(P₂-P₁)Q	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(0,0,0)	-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*

表1 三方演化博弈支付矩阵

Table 1 Benefit matrix of participants in the evolutionary game

策略组合 Strategy portfolios	地方政府 Local governments	农资店 Agricultural supplies stores	种植主体 Farming entities
(1,1,1)	R₁+E₁+L₁-C₁-(1-a)T₁-(B₁+B₂)Q	E₂+(B₁+P₂-P₁)Q+R₂-C₂	R₃+E₃+ΔR₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-(1-c)T₂
(1,1,0)	R₁-C₁-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-C₂-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(1,0,1)	R₁+E₁+bL₁-C₁-T₁-QB₂	E₂+(P₂-P₁)Q-ΔL₂	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(1,0,0)	R₁-C₁-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(0,1,1)	E₁-T₁-(B₁+B₂)Q	E₂+(B₁+P₂-P₁)Q	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(0,1,0)	-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*
(0,0,1)	E₁-T₁-B₂Q	E₂+(P₂-P₁)Q	R₃+E₃+(B₂-P₂)Q-T₂
(0,0,0)	-ΔE₁-S₁-ΔL₁	( $P 2 $ - $P 1 $ )Q^*-ΔE₂	$R 3 $ -ΔE₃- $P 2 $ Q^*

表2 均衡点稳定性分析

Table 2 Stability analysis of equilibrium points

均衡点 Equilibrium point	特征值λ₁ Eigenvalues λ₁	特征值λ₂ Eigenvalues λ₂	特征值λ₃ Eigenvalues λ₃	符号 Symbol	稳定性判断 Stability assessment
E₁(0,0,0)	ε₁	0	ε₈	(×, 0,×)	不稳定Instability
E₂(0,1,0)	ε₁	0	ε₈	(×, 0,×)	不稳定Instability
E₃(1,0,0)	-ε₁	ε₅	ε₈	(×,-,×)	不确定Uncertain
E₄(1,1,0)	-ε₁	-ε₅	ε₈+ε₉	(×,+,×)	不稳定Instability
E₅(0,0,1)	ε₁+ε₃	ε₆	-ε₈	(×,+,×)	不稳定Instability
E₆(0,1,1)	ε₁+ε₂+ε₄	-ε₆	-ε₈	(×,-,×)	不确定Uncertain
E₇(1,0,1)	-ε₁-ε₃	ε₅+ε₆+ε₇	-ε₈	(×,×,×)	不确定Uncertain
E₈(1,1,1)	-ε₁-ε₂-ε₄	-ε₅-ε₆-ε₇	-ε₈-ε₉	(×,×,×)	不确定Uncertain

图1 三方博弈的初始策略仿真 p代表各主体分别选择各自策略的概率,t代表仿真次数。下同。

Fig.1 Simulation of initial strategy of three-party game p represents the probability of each subject choosing their own strategy, and t represents the number of simulations. The same as below.

图2 地方政府获得的财政补助对系统演化路径的影响 R1表征地方政府获得的财政补助,单位为万元。

Fig.2 Impact of financial subsidies obtained by local governments on the evolutionary path of the system R1 represents financial subsidies obtained by local governments, with the unit of 104 yuan.

图3 地方政府线上补贴核发成本减少程度对系统演化路径的影响 a表征地方政府采用线上补贴核发方式时成本的减少程度。

Fig.3 Impact of cost reduction of online subsidy issuance by local governments on the evolutionary path of the system a represents the cost reduction of local governments with online subsidy issuance.

图4 农资店参与数字化平台成本对系统演化路径的影响 C2表征农资店参与配方肥补贴数字化平台的成本,单位为万元。

Fig.4 Impact of the cost of agricultural supplies stores’s participation in digital platform on the evolutionary path of the system C2 represents the cost of agricultural supplies stores's participation in digital platform, with the unit of 104 yuan.

图5 种植主体线上补贴申报成本减少程度对系统演化路径的影响 c表征种植主体采用线上补贴申报方式时成本的减少程度。

Fig.5 Impact of the cost reduction of online subsidy applications by farming entities on the evolutionary path of the system c represents the cost reduction of farming entities with online subsidy applications.

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化肥减量增效目标下配方肥补贴数字化转型的政企农三方演化博弈分析

Analysis of evolutionary game among government, enterprises and farmers in the digital transformation of formulated fertilizer subsidies aimed at reducing fertilizer use and enhancing efficiency

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