喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果皮龟裂与品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240576

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1706-1715.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240576

喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果皮龟裂与品质的影响

张顺昌¹(), 徐继根¹, 符成悦¹, 蒲占湑²^,^*(), 胡丽鹏¹, 吴昊¹, 李俊兵¹, 辛亮¹, 雷元军¹

1.浙江省台州市农资股份有限公司,浙江台州 318099
2.浙江省柑橘研究所,浙江台州 318020

收稿日期:2024-07-01 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:张顺昌(1982—),男,浙江仙居人,硕士,农艺师,主要从事农作物栽培技术试验与推广工作。E-mail:zsc@tznz.net
通讯作者: *蒲占湑,E-mail:puzhanxu@139.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业柑橘产业技术体系(CARS-27);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2022XTTGGP03)

Effect of amino acid calcium spraying on peel cracking and quality of citrus hybrid Hongmeiren

ZHANG Shunchang¹(), XU Jigen¹, FU Chengyue¹, PU Zhanxu²^,^*(), HU Lipeng¹, WU Hao¹, LI Junbing¹, XIN Liang¹, LEI Yuanjun¹

1. Zhejiang Taizhou Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318099, Zhejiang, China
2. Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-07-01 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03
Contact: PU Zhanxu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用留树保鲜和不留树保鲜的方式,研究采前喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果蒂周边果皮龟裂、褐变,果实落果,果实品质,及贮藏期间果实病害发生的影响。结果发现,采前喷施氨基酸钙,在留树保鲜和不留树保鲜的过程中均可以显著(p<0.05)减少龟裂数。贮藏40 d时,对于留树保鲜与不留树保鲜的处理,采前喷施氨基酸钙均可显著降低果蒂周边果皮组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶的活性。不留树保鲜下,喷施氨基酸钙显著降低了果实贮藏75 d时褐色蒂腐病、青绿霉病、酸腐病、炭疽病的发病率。留树保鲜下,喷施氨基酸钙显著降低了后期果实的落果率。在留树保鲜和不留树保鲜的过程中,喷施氨基酸钙显著提高了贮藏10 d时果实中的可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸含量。总的来看,喷施氨基酸钙有助于减少果皮龟裂,降低病害发生率,提高果实品质。

关键词: 氨基酸钙, 杂柑, 果皮龟裂, 果实品质

Abstract:

In the present study, the effects of preharvest spraying amino acid calcium on peel cracking, peel browning, fruit drop, fruit quality and the occurrence of fruit diseases of citrus hybrid Hongmeiren were explored during the on-trees and regular (off-trees) storage. The results showed that spraying amino acid calcium could significantly (p<0.05) reduce the number of cracks during the on-trees and regular storage. During the on-trees and regular storage, spraying amino acid calcium significantly decreased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polygalacturonase on the 40^th day. For the regular storage, spraying amino acid calcium significantly decreased the incidence of phomopsis stem-end rot, citrus green mold, citrus sour rot and citrus anthracnose on the 75^th day. For on-trees storage, spraying amino acid calcium significantly decreased the fruit-dropping rate in the later stage. Besides, spraying amino acid calcium significantly increased the content of soluble solids, total sugar and titratable acid on the 10^th day during the on-trees and regular storage. In general, spraying amino acid calcium could reduce peel cracking, disease incidence and improve fuit quality.

Key words: amino acid calcium, citrus hybrid, peel cracking, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S666.1

张顺昌, 徐继根, 符成悦, 蒲占湑, 胡丽鹏, 吴昊, 李俊兵, 辛亮, 雷元军. 喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果皮龟裂与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1706-1715.

ZHANG Shunchang, XU Jigen, FU Chengyue, PU Zhanxu, HU Lipeng, WU Hao, LI Junbing, XIN Liang, LEI Yuanjun. Effect of amino acid calcium spraying on peel cracking and quality of citrus hybrid Hongmeiren[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1706-1715.

图/表 9

图1 果蒂周边龟裂症状和取样部位

Fig.1 Symptoms and sampling sites of cracks around the fruit pedicle

表1 不留树保鲜处理下果实贮藏期间果蒂周边的果皮龟裂数

Table 1 Number of cracks in the peel around the fruit pedicle during off-trees storage

处理 Treatment	不同贮藏时间(d)样品的龟裂数量Number of cracks during different storage time(d)/mm^-1
处理 Treatment	10	20	30	40
T1	1.44±0.06 a	1.46±0.11 a	1.51±0.22 a	1.63±0.16 a
T3	0.92±0.05 b	1.13±0.05 b	1.17±0.09 b	1.28±0.24 b

表2 留树保鲜处理下不同取样时间果蒂周边的果皮龟裂数

Table 2 Number of cracks in the peel around the fruit pedicle during on-trees storage

处理 Treatment	不同取样时间(d)样品的龟裂数量Number of cracks with different sampling time(d)/mm^-1
处理 Treatment	10	20	30	40
T2	1.29±0.04 a	1.59±0.16 a	2.22±0.17 a	2.59±0.30 a
T4	0.89±0.02 b	1.01±0.01 b	1.12±0.25 b	1.24±0.17 b

图2 T2(A、B)和T4处理(C、D)果蒂周边果皮组织的微观结构 SC,分泌囊。

Fig.2 Microstructure of the peel around the fruit pedicle under T2 (A, B) and T4 (C, D) treatment SC, Secretory cavities.

图3 不同处理对果实酶活性的影响 PAL,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性;PG,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性;PE,果胶酯酶活性;Cx,纤维素酶(内切葡聚糖酶)活性。柱上无相同字母的表示同一时间处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.3 Effect of treatments on enzymes activities of fruits PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity; PG, Polygalacturonase activity; PE, Pectinesterase activity; Cx, Cellulase (endo-1,4-β-D-glucanohydrolase) activity. Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments at the same time.

图4 不同处理对贮藏期间果实质量的影响点上无相同字母的表示同一天不同处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.4 Effects of treatments on fruit weight during storage Dots marked without the same letter indicate signficiant (p<0.05) difference between treatments at the same time. The same as below.

图5 不同处理对果实贮藏期间褐色蒂腐病(A)、青绿霉病(B)、酸腐病(C)、炭疽病(D)发病率的影响

Fig.5 Effect of treatments on the incidence of phomopsis stem-end rot (A), citrus green mold (B), citrus sour rot (C) and citrus anthracnose (D) during storage

表3 不同处理对果实营养成分的影响

Table 3 Effect of treatments on nutrients contents of fruits

处理 Treatment	不同贮藏时间(d)样品的可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content of samples under different storage time(d)/%				不同贮藏时间(d)样品的总糖含量 Total sugar content of samples under different storage time(d)/%
处理 Treatment	10	20	30	40	10	20	30	40
T1	10.30± 0.03 c	12.56± 0.15 b	12.47± 0.30 b	13.58± 0.14 b	8.26± 0.05 c	11.71± 0.11 a	10.36± 0.32 c	11.02± 0.14 b
T2	10.43± 0.17 c	12.92± 0.18 ab	12.80± 0.11 a	15.54± 0.22 a	8.16± 0.03 c	11.25± 0.27 b	12.51± 0.17 a	12.08± 0.17 a
T3	11.33± 0.02 b	12.71± 0.15 ab	12.49± 0.13 b	14.21± 0.31 b	9.24± 0.07 b	12.04± 0.27 a	11.61± 0.28 b	11.00± 0.14 b
T4	13.89± 0.12 a	13.30± 0.12 a	13.08± 0.32 a	15.91± 0.33 a	10.76± 0.07 a	11.61± 0.20 ab	12.81± 0.11 a	12.01± 0.36 a
处理 Treatment	不同贮藏时间(d)样品的可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content of samples under different storage time(d)/(g·L^-1)				不同贮藏时间(d)样品的维生素C含量 Vitamin C content of samples under different storage time(d)/(mg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	10	20	30	40	10	20	30	40
T1	6.1± 0.1 b	5.0± 0.1 b	5.1± 0.1 b	4.4± 0.1 b	318.31± 4.11 b	316.92± 6.24 a	311.05± 8.68 a	313.27± 8.51 a
T2	6.2± 0.1 b	6.3± 0.1 a	5.7± 0.1 a	5.2± 0.1 a	310.09± 1.95 b	314.96± 5.76 a	310.77± 12.35 a	300.33± 11.47 a
T3	6.5± 0.1 a	5.4± 0.1 b	5.1± 0.1 b	4.7± 0.1 b	366.57± 4.63 a	327.79± 7.50 a	321.47± 3.16 a	310.81± 5.51 a
T4	6.5± 0.1 a	6.4± 0.1 a	6.2± 0.1 a	5.7± 0.1 a	318.31± 4.11 b	316.92± 6.24 a	311.05± 8.68 a	313.27± 8.51 a

图6 不同处理对落果率的影响

Fig.6 Effect of treatments on fruit-dropping rate

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[35]	刘军丽, 包婕, 李建设, 等. 限根下不同施钙量对番茄品质、产量及养分的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(10): 2403-2411.
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喷施氨基酸钙对红美人杂柑果皮龟裂与品质的影响

Effect of amino acid calcium spraying on peel cracking and quality of citrus hybrid Hongmeiren

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