浙江4个主要茶树群体种资源表型性状及遗传多样性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 364-372.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.14

浙江4个主要茶树群体种资源表型性状及遗传多样性分析

丁一(), 郑旭霞, 黄海涛, 毛宇骁, 赵芸()

杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州 310024

收稿日期:2021-11-17 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-03-14
通讯作者: 赵芸
作者简介:*赵芸,E-mail: yunzhaohao@sina.com
丁一(1992—),女,湖南长沙人,博士,主要从事茶树育种研究。E-mail: 245518344@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省农业(茶树)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02067-4);浙江优势绿茶新品种选育;杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广基金(2021HNCT-14);杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广基金(2019HNCT-06)

Analysis of agronomic traits and genetic diversity of four major tea populations in Zhejiang Province, China

DING Yi(), ZHENG Xuxia, HUANG Haitao, MAO Yuxiao, ZHAO Yun()

Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310024, China

Received:2021-11-17 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-14
Contact: ZHAO Yun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以分别取自当地茶园的天台、龙山、木禾及鸠坑群体材料为研究对象,通过统计及相关性分析对共330份材料的16项表型性状进行对比及遗传多样性研究,结果表明:除雌雄蕊相对高度在4个群体中均无显著性差异(雌高雄低)外,其余性状在品种间的差异较大,性状参数变异系数在4.46%~44.90%,平均为25.28%,其中叶片着生状态平均变异系数最大,达41.43%;以茶花为研究对象,遗传多样性较为丰富的群体为天台群体,且其在简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)标记下展现出较高的分子多态性;以叶为研究对象,鸠坑群体是更为理想的材料;花叶兼用则木禾群体是较优的材料,其拥有遗传多样性高的表型性状最多。此外,不同地理条件对龙山群体影响较大。总的来说,4个茶树群体表型多样性丰富且各具特异性,均具有较高的定向育种潜力。

关键词: 茶树群体, 表型性状多样性, 简单重复序列标记

Abstract:

Based on the 330 samples of Tiantai, Longshan, Muhe and Jiukeng populations taken from the local tea gardens, 16 phenotype traits (leaves, new tops and flowers) were compared through statistical analysis and related analysis, and genetic diversity research. The results showed that, in addition to the relative height between gynoecium and androecium in the four groups had no significant difference, the remaining agronomic traits in different populations showed different degrees of diversity. In the four populations surveyed, the coefficient of variation of agronomic trait parameters was between 4.46% and 44.90%, with an average of 25.28%, of which the coefficient of variation of leaf attitude was the highest, reaching 41.43%. For the study object of flowers, the group with rich genetic diversity of agronomic traits was Tiantai population, and it showed high molecular polymorphism under the SSR mark. With leaves as the study object, the Jiukeng population was the ideal material, and for the flower-leaf, Muhe is the best material. In addition, different geographical conditions had a greater impact on the Longshan population, while other groups were relatively stable. In general, the four tea populations had rich phenotype diversity and specific characteristics, all of which had high targeted breeding potential.

Key words: tea population, agronomic traits diversity, simple sequence repeats marker

中图分类号:

S571.1

丁一, 郑旭霞, 黄海涛, 毛宇骁, 赵芸. 浙江4个主要茶树群体种资源表型性状及遗传多样性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(2): 364-372.

DING Yi, ZHENG Xuxia, HUANG Haitao, MAO Yuxiao, ZHAO Yun. Analysis of agronomic traits and genetic diversity of four major tea populations in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 364-372.

图/表 10

参考文献 15

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群体名称 Population name	茶园位置 Location	茶园经纬度及海拔 Latitude/longitude and altitude
天台群体 Tiantai	天台县华顶国家森林公园归云洞 Guiyun Cave of Huading National Forest Park in Tiantai	121°5'33″,29°15'17″,1 004 m
天台群体 Tiantai	天台县华顶国家森林公园药师庵 Yaoshian of Huading National Forest Park in Tiantai	121°5'30″,29°15'3″,903 m
鸠坑群体 Jiukeng	淳安县鸠坑乡茶园 The tea garden of the Jiukeng in Chunan	118°42'60″,29°40'53″,140 m
鸠坑群体 Jiukeng	淳安县塘联阳坪村 Yangping Village of Tanglian in Chunan	118°40'54″,29°38'56″,460 m
木禾群体 Muhe	磐安县尖山镇新宅村五升地坪茶园 The tea garden of the Xinzhai Village	120°44'9″,29°13'3″,535 m
木禾群体 Muhe	东阳市佐村镇宅口村茶园 The tea garden of the Zhaikou	120°32'28″,29°20'46″,406 m
龙山群体 Longshan	上虞区岭南乡丁兴村大园、横册顶茶园 The tea garden of the Dingxing Village in Shangyu	120°56'55″,29°46'9″,121 m
龙山群体 Longshan	上虞区岭南乡宋村外西湾茶园 The tea garden of the Song Village in Shangyu	121°0'21″,29°47'22″,117 m

群体名称 Population name	茶园位置 Location	茶园经纬度及海拔 Latitude/longitude and altitude
天台群体 Tiantai	天台县华顶国家森林公园归云洞 Guiyun Cave of Huading National Forest Park in Tiantai	121°5'33″,29°15'17″,1 004 m
天台群体 Tiantai	天台县华顶国家森林公园药师庵 Yaoshian of Huading National Forest Park in Tiantai	121°5'30″,29°15'3″,903 m
鸠坑群体 Jiukeng	淳安县鸠坑乡茶园 The tea garden of the Jiukeng in Chunan	118°42'60″,29°40'53″,140 m
鸠坑群体 Jiukeng	淳安县塘联阳坪村 Yangping Village of Tanglian in Chunan	118°40'54″,29°38'56″,460 m
木禾群体 Muhe	磐安县尖山镇新宅村五升地坪茶园 The tea garden of the Xinzhai Village	120°44'9″,29°13'3″,535 m
木禾群体 Muhe	东阳市佐村镇宅口村茶园 The tea garden of the Zhaikou	120°32'28″,29°20'46″,406 m
龙山群体 Longshan	上虞区岭南乡丁兴村大园、横册顶茶园 The tea garden of the Dingxing Village in Shangyu	120°56'55″,29°46'9″,121 m
龙山群体 Longshan	上虞区岭南乡宋村外西湾茶园 The tea garden of the Song Village in Shangyu	121°0'21″,29°47'22″,117 m

序号No.	性状Traits	编码Code detail
1	叶形Leaf shape(LSP)	1,披针形Lanceolate;2,长椭圆形Oblong;3,椭圆形Elliptic;4,近圆形Near round
2	叶正面颜色 Leaf color(LC)	1,淡绿色Light green;2,黄绿色Yellow green;3,绿色Green;4,深绿色Dark green; 5,紫绿色Purple green;6,紫红色Purple red
3	叶缘形态Leaf margin undulation (LMU)	1,波状Wavy;2,微波状Slightly wavy;3,平直状Flat
4	柱头裂位Splitting position of style (SPS)	1,上部Top;2,中部Middle;3,基部Low
5	雌雄蕊相对高度Relative height between gynoecium and androecium (RHGA)	1,低于Under;2,等于Equal;3,高于Overtop
6	叶长 Leaf long(LL)	随机取10片叶,测量叶片基部至叶尖的长度,取平均值 Average length of ten leaves randomly sampled
7	叶宽 Leaf width(LW)	随机取10片叶,测量叶片最大的宽度,取平均值 Average width of ten leaves randomly sampled
8	萼片数 Sepal number(SN)	随机数5朵花的萼片数,取平均值 Average number of sepal from five flowers randomly sampled
9	花冠直径 Corolla diameter(CD)	随机测量5朵花的花冠直径,取平均值 Average number of corolla diameter from five flowers randomly sampled
10	花瓣数 Petal number(PN)	随机数5朵花的花瓣数,取平均值 Average number of petal number from five flowers randomly sampled
11	花柱长度 Style length(SL)	随机测量5朵花的花柱基部至顶端的长度,取平均值 Average length of style from five flowers randomly sampled
12	花瓣质地Petal texture(PT)	1,薄Thin;2,中Medium;3,厚Thick
13	叶正面隆起性Leaf upper surface(LUS)	1,平Smooth;2,微稍隆起Slightly rugose;3,隆起Rugose
14	叶身形态Leaf cross section(LCS)	1,内折Convex;2,平Flat;3,稍背卷Concave
15	叶基形态Leaf base shape(LBS)	1,楔形Acute;2,近圆形Obtuse
16	叶片着生状态Leaf attitude(LA)	1,上斜Erect;2,稍上斜Semi-erect;3,水平Horizontal;4,下垂Drooping

序号No.	性状Traits	编码Code detail
1	叶形Leaf shape(LSP)	1,披针形Lanceolate;2,长椭圆形Oblong;3,椭圆形Elliptic;4,近圆形Near round
2	叶正面颜色 Leaf color(LC)	1,淡绿色Light green;2,黄绿色Yellow green;3,绿色Green;4,深绿色Dark green; 5,紫绿色Purple green;6,紫红色Purple red
3	叶缘形态Leaf margin undulation (LMU)	1,波状Wavy;2,微波状Slightly wavy;3,平直状Flat
4	柱头裂位Splitting position of style (SPS)	1,上部Top;2,中部Middle;3,基部Low
5	雌雄蕊相对高度Relative height between gynoecium and androecium (RHGA)	1,低于Under;2,等于Equal;3,高于Overtop
6	叶长 Leaf long(LL)	随机取10片叶,测量叶片基部至叶尖的长度,取平均值 Average length of ten leaves randomly sampled
7	叶宽 Leaf width(LW)	随机取10片叶,测量叶片最大的宽度,取平均值 Average width of ten leaves randomly sampled
8	萼片数 Sepal number(SN)	随机数5朵花的萼片数,取平均值 Average number of sepal from five flowers randomly sampled
9	花冠直径 Corolla diameter(CD)	随机测量5朵花的花冠直径,取平均值 Average number of corolla diameter from five flowers randomly sampled
10	花瓣数 Petal number(PN)	随机数5朵花的花瓣数,取平均值 Average number of petal number from five flowers randomly sampled
11	花柱长度 Style length(SL)	随机测量5朵花的花柱基部至顶端的长度,取平均值 Average length of style from five flowers randomly sampled
12	花瓣质地Petal texture(PT)	1,薄Thin;2,中Medium;3,厚Thick
13	叶正面隆起性Leaf upper surface(LUS)	1,平Smooth;2,微稍隆起Slightly rugose;3,隆起Rugose
14	叶身形态Leaf cross section(LCS)	1,内折Convex;2,平Flat;3,稍背卷Concave
15	叶基形态Leaf base shape(LBS)	1,楔形Acute;2,近圆形Obtuse
16	叶片着生状态Leaf attitude(LA)	1,上斜Erect;2,稍上斜Semi-erect;3,水平Horizontal;4,下垂Drooping

序号 Code		碱基序列 Base sequence (5'-3')
引物1	ssr1-F	GGAGCATTGAAGCGAGAAAT
Primer 1	ssr1-R	ACGCTTCGAGTACTCCCTGA
引物4	ssr4-F	AAGGGGCTCTATGGGTCAAG
Primer 4	ssr4-R	TGTGTAACCTGCCAAGACCA
引物6	ssr6-F	CAGGGTTGCAAGAAGTACCG
Primer 6	ssr6-R	ATCAACCGTATGGGCAAAAG

浙江4个主要茶树群体种资源表型性状及遗传多样性分析

Analysis of agronomic traits and genetic diversity of four major tea populations in Zhejiang Province, China

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性状 Character	鸠坑群体 Jiukeng	天台群体 Tiantai	龙山群体 Longshan	木禾群体 Muhe
萼片数SN	5.00±0.37 b	4.95±0.22 b	5.20±0.52 a	4.95±0.22 b
花冠直径CD/cm	3.29±0.31 b	3.84±0.44 a	3.73±0.23 a	3.62±0.57 a
花瓣数PN	6.93±0.87 b	7.70±1.60 a	7.25±1.16 ab	6.73±0.91 b
花瓣质地PT	2.03±0.18 ab	1.90±0.55 b	2.15±0.37 a	2.03±0.36 ab
花柱长度SL	1.09±0.14 b	1.21±0.11 ab	1.24±0.17 a	1.22±0.30 a
柱头裂位SPS	1.37±0.56 b	1.85±0.75 a	1.70±0.73 ab	1.45±0.60 b
雌雄蕊相对高度RHGA	2.53±0.57 a	2.25±0.64 a	2.30±0.47 a	2.23±0.80 a
叶片着生状态LA	1.81±0.69 a	1.63±0.69 ab	1.21±0.49 c	1.43±0.64 b
叶长LL/cm	9.66±1.44 a	9.46±1.46 a	8.45±1.16 b	8.87±1.70 b
叶宽LW/cm	3.53±0.67 b	3.96±0.55 a	3.28±0.52 b	3.38±0.72 b
叶正面颜色LC	2.46±0.91 c	3.28±0.67 a	2.83±1.01 b	2.61±0.81 bc
叶正面隆起性LUS	2.06±0.73 ab	2.20±0.71 a	1.86±0.70 b	2.00±0.76 ab
叶形LSP	4.20±0.58 a	3.58±0.53 c	3.90±0.68 b	4.00±0.78 b
叶身形态LCS	2.16±0.97 b	2.70±0.91 a	2.30±0.81 b	2.31±0.98 b
叶基形态LBS	1.21±0.41 a	1.27±0.45 a	1.25±0.44 a	1.09±0.29 b
叶缘形态LMU	1.69±0.70 b	1.65±0.60 b	2.07±0.82 a	2.03±0.79 a

	SN	CD	PN	PT	SL	SPS	RHGA	LL	LW	LC	LUS	LSP	LCS	LBS	LMU
CD	0.040
PN	-0.118	0.093
PT	0.070	0.046	-0.112
SL	0.050	-0.189^*	-0.163	0.130
SPS	-0.103	0.122	0.082	-0.212^*	-0.178
RHGA	-0.093	-0.266^*	0.037	0.001	0.538^*	-0.307^*
LL	-0.100	-0.035	0.189^*	0.040	-0.158	-0.050	0.128
LW	-0.156	-0.033	0.143	-0.009	-0.074	0.095	0.000	0.704^*
LC	0.039	0.176	0.100	0.018	-0.087	0.136	-0.265^*	-0.119	0.003
LUS	0.002	-0.025	-0.062	-0.028	0.024	-0.070	-0.131	0.183	0.335^*	0.057
LSP	0.127	-0.119	0.042	0.064	-0.069	-0.233^*	0.167	-0.091	-0.597^*	-0.045	-0.283^*
LCS	-0.072	0.079	0.101	-0.036	0.119	0.043	0.111	0.223^*	0.367^*	0.044	0.310^*	-0.274^*
LBS	0.056	-0.042	0.102	-0.099	0.073	0.003	-0.126	-0.072	0.297^*	0.173	0.131	-0.383^*	0.191^*
LMU	0.043	0.160	0.014	0.087	0.302^*	0.158	0.220^*	-0.046	-0.074	-0.088	0.075	-0.065	-0.041	-0.169
LA	0.020	-0.142	0.138	-0.141	-0.061	0.074	-0.087	0.281^*	0.303*	0.134	0.043	-0.005	0.124	0.167	-0.111

群种名 Name	引物 Primer	等位基因数 Number of alleles	有效等位基因位点数 Effective number of alleles (E)	多态性信息量 Polymorphism index contents (PIC)	杂合率 Percentage of heterozygosity	纯合率 Percentage of homozygosity
JK	P1	2	1.06	0.06	0	1
	P4	2	1.13	0.12	0.13	0.87
	P6	2	1.68	0.41	0.47	0.53
TT	P1	3	2.38	0.58	0.91	0.09
	P4	2	2.96	0.66	0.59	0.41
	P6	1	1	0	0	1
LS	P1	2	1.44	0.3	0.38	0.62
	P4	2	2.63	0.62	0.69	0.31
	P6	2	1.2	0.17	0.19	0.81
MH	P1	2	1.01	0.01	0.81	0.19
	P4	2	1.75	0.43	0.06	0.94
	P6	2	1.6	0.38	0.5	0.5

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