棉花播种监测系统设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230772

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1389-1399.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230772

棉花播种监测系统设计与试验

焦丙炎¹(), 史增录¹^,²^,^*(), 张学军¹^,², 张海涛¹, 于永良³, 王堆金³

1.新疆农业大学机电工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆天诚农机具制造有限责任公司,新疆铁门关 841007

收稿日期:2023-06-17 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-02
作者简介:焦丙炎(1998—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业机械化与装备工程。E-mail:1803739951@qq.com
通讯作者: *史增录,E-mail:shizlfd@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-02);自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划)项目(2021E02055);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003-3)

Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system

JIAO Bingyan¹(), SHI Zenglu¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Xuejun¹^,², ZHANG Haitao¹, YU Yongliang³, WANG Duijin³

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tiemenguan 841007, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-06-17 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对新疆地区棉田在播种过程中,因穴播器取种、排种不畅产生的棉种漏播问题,设计了一种准确监测穴播器取种状态的监测系统。系统选用STM32单片机作为主控制器,激光对射型传感器和霍尔传感器作为监测元件,获取穴播器的取种信息,计算出播种总数和空穴率并传输到人机交互显示屏上,同时通过GPRS通信模块将播种数据实时上传到远程服务器。搭建棉花取种信息监测试验台,并通过田间试验验证系统的稳定性和精度。台架试验结果表明,在穴播器转速为30~45 r·min^-1时,合格穴数的监测精度不低于98.09%,空穴数的监测精度不低于95.69%,监测系统的精度完全满足工作需求。田间试验结果表明,在拖拉机行驶速度为2.5~3.8 km·h^-1时,合格穴数的监测精度最低为95.06%,相比台架试验下降了3.03百分点;空穴数的监测精度最低为91.89%,相比台架试验下降了3.80百分点。将系统监测和人工监测的样本数据进行F检验,系统监测与人工实测的合格穴数和空穴数的F值<F_0.975(7.15),P_0.05值>0.05,表明系统监测的数据与人工监测的数据无显著性差异。该监测系统在田间作业过程中有较高的稳定性和精度,能够满足棉花精量播种的取种状态监测要求,对棉花的增产增收具有重要意义。

关键词: 传感器, 穴播器, 监测系统, 监测精度

Abstract:

A monitoring system is designed to accurately monitor the seed extraction status of the hole sowers in Xinjiang cotton fields due to seed leakage caused by poor seed extraction and seed discharge of the hole sowers. The system used a STM32 microcontroller as the main controller, a laser sensor and a Hall sensor as the monitoring elements to obtain the seed extraction information of the hole sower, calculated the number of qualified holes and the empty hole rate and transmit them to the human-machine interaction display, and uploaded the seed extraction data to a remote server in real time through a GPRS communication module. A test bench was built to monitor the seed picking information of cotton, and the stability and accuracy of the system were verified through field trials. The results of the bench test showed that the monitoring accuracy of the number of qualified holes was not less than 98.09% and the number of empty holes was not less than 95.69% when the speed of the hole sower was 30-45 r·min^-1, and the accuracy of the monitoring system fully met the working requirements. The field test results showed that the monitoring accuracy of the number of qualified holes was 95.06% when the tractor was traveling at 2.5-3.8 km·h^-1, which was 3.03 percentage points lower than that of the bench test; the monitoring accuracy of the number of empty holes was 91.89%, which was 3.80 percentage points lower than that of the bench test. The sample data from the system monitoring and manual monitoring were subjected to F-test, and the F-value of the number of qualified holes and empty holes between the system monitoring and manual actual measurement was< F_0.975 (7.15), with a P_0.05 value>0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference between the data from the system monitoring and manual monitoring. The monitoring system has high stability and accuracy in the field operation process, and can meet the requirements of monitoring the seeding status of cotton precision sowing, which is of great significance to the increase of cotton yield and income.

Key words: sensor, hole sower, monitoring systems, monitoring accuracy

中图分类号:

S223.2

焦丙炎, 史增录, 张学军, 张海涛, 于永良, 王堆金. 棉花播种监测系统设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1389-1399.

JIAO Bingyan, SHI Zenglu, ZHANG Xuejun, ZHANG Haitao, YU Yongliang, WANG Duijin. Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1389-1399.

图/表 19

参考文献 13

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步骤Step	AT指令AT instruction	功能Function
第一步Step 1	AT+CSMINS	对网络信号及 SIM卡的检测 Detection of network signals and SIM cards
第二步 Step 2	AT+CGCLASS	将 GPRS移动站设置为 B类 Set GPRS mobile station to Class B
第三步 Step 3	AT+CGATT	附加 GPRS服务 Additional GPRS services
第四步 Step 4	AT+CLTS	取得本地时钟标记 Obtain local clock markers
第五步 Step 5	AT+CLPORT	设置本地 TCP 连接端口“2000” Set local TCP connection port “2000”
第六步 Step 6	AT+CIPSTART	创建TCP连接 Create TCP connection
第七步 Step 7	AT+CIPSEND	发送数据Send data
第八步 Step 8	AT+CIPACK	查询已连接数据发送情况 Query the status of connected data transmission
第九步 Step 9	AT+CIPCLOSE	关掉TCP连接 Turn off TCP connection
第十步 Step 10	AT+CIPSHUT	关掉当前场景 Turn off the current scene

步骤Step	AT指令AT instruction	功能Function
第一步Step 1	AT+CSMINS	对网络信号及 SIM卡的检测 Detection of network signals and SIM cards
第二步 Step 2	AT+CGCLASS	将 GPRS移动站设置为 B类 Set GPRS mobile station to Class B
第三步 Step 3	AT+CGATT	附加 GPRS服务 Additional GPRS services
第四步 Step 4	AT+CLTS	取得本地时钟标记 Obtain local clock markers
第五步 Step 5	AT+CLPORT	设置本地 TCP 连接端口“2000” Set local TCP connection port “2000”
第六步 Step 6	AT+CIPSTART	创建TCP连接 Create TCP connection
第七步 Step 7	AT+CIPSEND	发送数据Send data
第八步 Step 8	AT+CIPACK	查询已连接数据发送情况 Query the status of connected data transmission
第九步 Step 9	AT+CIPCLOSE	关掉TCP连接 Turn off TCP connection
第十步 Step 10	AT+CIPSHUT	关掉当前场景 Turn off the current scene

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际合格穴数 Actual number of qualified holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitoring number of qualified holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	合格穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of qualified holes count/%
30	210	212	0.94	99.06
35	207	210	1.43	98.57
40	207	211	1.90	98.10
45	205	209	1.91	98.09

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际合格穴数 Actual number of qualified holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitoring number of qualified holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	合格穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of qualified holes count/%
30	210	212	0.94	99.06
35	207	210	1.43	98.57
40	207	211	1.90	98.10
45	205	209	1.91	98.09

穴播器转速 Speed of the hole sower/(r·min^-1)	实际空穴数 Actual number of empty holes count	监测空穴数 Monitoring number of empty holes count	相对误差 Relative error/%	空穴数监测精度 Monitoring accuracy of empty holes count/%
30	90	88	2.22	97.78
35	93	90	3.23	96.77
40	93	89	4.30	95.70
45	95	91	4.31	95.69

棉花播种监测系统设计与试验

Design and experimentation of cotton sowing monitoring system

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参考文献 13

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行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	传感器编号 Sensor No.	理论合格穴数 Theoretical qualified holes count	实际合格穴数 Actual qualified holes count	实际空穴数 Actual empty holes count	监测合格穴数 Monitored qualified holes count	监测空穴数 Monitored empty holes count	合格穴数监测精度 Accuracy of qualified holes count monitoring/%	空穴数监测精度 Accuracy of empty holes count monitoring/%
2.5	1	1 050	1 032	18	1 005	17	97.38	94.44
	2	1 050	1 029	21	1 003	20	97.47	95.24
	3	1 050	1 028	22	998	21	97.08	95.45
	4	1 050	1 031	19	1 002	18	97.19	94.74
	5	1 050	1 027	23	995	22	96.88	95.65
	6	1 050	1 030	20	999	20	96.99	100
3.0	1	1 050	1 029	21	996	20	96.79	95.24
	2	1 050	1 025	25	985	23	96.10	92.00
	3	1 050	1 027	23	994	22	96.71	95.65
	4	1 050	1 025	25	988	24	96.39	96.00
	5	1 050	1 024	26	990	25	96.68	96.15
	6	1 050	1 022	28	989	26	96.99	92.86
3.5	1	1 050	1 020	30	980	28	96.08	93.33
	2	1 050	1 018	32	976	31	95.87	96.88
	3	1 050	1 019	31	979	29	96.07	93.55
	4	1 050	1 021	29	977	27	95.69	93.10
	5	1 050	1 018	32	974	31	95.68	96.88
	6	1 050	1 019	31	977	29	95.88	93.55
3.8	1	1 050	1 014	36	972	35	95.86	97.22
	2	1 050	1 013	37	965	34	95.26	91.89
	3	1 050	1 017	33	968	31	95.12	93.94
	4	1 050	1 012	38	962	36	95.06	94.74
	5	1 050	1 014	36	967	34	95.36	94.44
	6	1 050	1 013	37	966	35	95.36	94.59

监测因素 Monitoring factors	行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	系统监测System monitoring			人工实测Manual measurement			df	F值	P_0.05值
监测因素 Monitoring factors	行进速度 Travel speed/ (km·h^-1)	平均值 Average	方差 Variance	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average	方差 Variance	标准差 Standard deviation	df	F值	P_0.05值
合格穴数	2.5	1 000.33	13.47	3.67	1 029.5	3.50	1.87	5	3.85	0.15
Qualified	3.0	990.33	16.27	4.03	1 025.33	5.87	2.42	5	2.77	0.11
holes count	3.5	977.17	4.57	2.14	1 019.17	1.37	3.34	5	3.34	0.08
	3.8	966.67	11.07	3.33	1 013.83	2.97	1.72	5	3.73	0.06
空穴数	2.5	19.67	3.47	1.86	20.50	3.50	1.87	5	0.99	0.46
Empty holes	3.0	23.33	4.67	2.16	24.67	5.87	2.42	5	0.80	0.34
count	3.5	29.17	2.57	1.60	30.83	1.37	1.17	5	1.88	0.07
	3.8	34.17	2.97	1.72	36.17	2.97	1.72	5	1.00	0.07

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