松籽油水酶法提取及酶法破乳工艺研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231121

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2089-2098.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231121

松籽油水酶法提取及酶法破乳工艺研究

张根生¹(), 李思锦¹, 田阳¹, 韩冰¹, 谢春丽¹, 费英敏²^,^*()

1.哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028
2.黑龙江民族职业学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150066

收稿日期:2023-09-18 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-30
作者简介:*费英敏,E-mail:ddhgk@126.com
张根生(1964—),男,黑龙江庆安人,硕士,教授,研究方向为农产品加工及贮藏。E-mail:zhanggsh@163.com
通讯作者: *费英敏,E-mail:ddhgk@126.com
基金资助:
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(〔2017〕HZT19)

Study on water enzymatic extraction of pine seed oil and enzymatic demulsification technology

ZHANG Gensheng¹(), LI Sijin¹, TIAN Yang¹, HAN Bing¹, XIE Chunli¹, FEI Yingmin²^,^*()

1. Food Engineering College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
2. Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin 150066, China

Received:2023-09-18 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以压榨松籽饼粕为原料,利用水酶法提取松籽油,通过单因素及响应曲面试验研究松籽油提取工艺,并对提油过程中产生的乳状液进行破乳研究分析。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解效果最佳,最优工艺为酶解时间 2.5 h,温度 56 ℃,pH值11.3,加酶量5 045 U·g^-1,此条件松籽油提油率为71.73%。经比较碱性蛋白酶添加量为3 000 U·g^-1时破乳效果最好,破乳率为87.68%,在酶法破乳后进行酸化处理,通过调节pH值至5时破乳率提高至 92.18%,此条件下松籽油得油率为70.36%。

关键词: 松籽饼粕, 松籽油提取, 水酶法, 酶法破乳

Abstract:

Pine-seed oil was extracted from pine-seed cake by aqueous enzymatic method. The extraction process of pine seed oil was investigated using single-factor and response surface experiments, and a specific focus on demulsifying the emulsion formed during the extraction. The results showed that the best outcomes were achieved through alkaline protease hydrolysis. The optimum conditions were as follows: time of 2.5 h, temperature 56 ℃, pH value of 11.3, and enzyme dosage of 5 045 U·g^-1. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of pine seed oil was 71.73%. Furthermore, the addition of 3 000 U·g^-1 of alkaline protease resulted in the highest demulsification effect, with a demulsification rate of 87.68%. After enzymatic demulsification, the demulsification rate was further improved to 92.18% by treating the emulsion with acid to adjust the pH value to 5. As a result, the extraction rate of pine seed oil reached 70.36% under this condition.

Key words: pine-seed cake, pine-seed oil extraction, aqueous enzyme method, enzymatic demulsification

中图分类号:

TS224

张根生, 李思锦, 田阳, 韩冰, 谢春丽, 费英敏. 松籽油水酶法提取及酶法破乳工艺研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2089-2098.

ZHANG Gensheng, LI Sijin, TIAN Yang, HAN Bing, XIE Chunli, FEI Yingmin. Study on water enzymatic extraction of pine seed oil and enzymatic demulsification technology[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 2089-2098.

图/表 9

参考文献 27

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0	0	22	0	0	269

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水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	(A)时间Time/h	(B)温度Temperature/℃	(C)pH值pH value	(D)加酶量Enzyme dosage/(U·g^-1)
-1	2	50	10	4 500
0	3	55	11	5 000
1	4	60	12	5 500

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	(A)时间Time/h	(B)温度Temperature/℃	(C)pH值pH value	(D)加酶量Enzyme dosage/(U·g^-1)
-1	2	50	10	4 500
0	3	55	11	5 000
1	4	60	12	5 500

种类 Type	加酶量 Enzyme dosage/(U·g^-1)	pH值 pH value	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/h	提油率 Oil extraction rate/%
纤维素酶Cellulase	5 000	4.5~6.5	45~65	3	51.10±0.6
果胶酶Pectinase	5 000	3~5	45~55	3	50.23±1.2
木瓜蛋白酶Papain	5 000	6~8	40~55	3	53.16±0.3
酸性蛋白酶Acid protease	5 000	2.5~3.5	40~45	3	53.99±1.7
中性蛋白酶Neutral protease	5 000	6.5~7.5	40~50	3	57.58±0.7
碱性蛋白酶Alkaline protease	5 000	10~12	45~55	3	62.77±0.8

种类 Type	加酶量 Enzyme dosage/(U·g^-1)	pH值 pH value	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/h	提油率 Oil extraction rate/%
纤维素酶Cellulase	5 000	4.5~6.5	45~65	3	51.10±0.6
果胶酶Pectinase	5 000	3~5	45~55	3	50.23±1.2
木瓜蛋白酶Papain	5 000	6~8	40~55	3	53.16±0.3
酸性蛋白酶Acid protease	5 000	2.5~3.5	40~45	3	53.99±1.7
中性蛋白酶Neutral protease	5 000	6.5~7.5	40~50	3	57.58±0.7
碱性蛋白酶Alkaline protease	5 000	10~12	45~55	3	62.77±0.8

方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
模型Model	233.33	14	16.67	140.95	<0.000 1	**
A	13.23	1	13.23	111.89	<0.000 1	**
B	0.078	1	0.078	0.66	0.429 1
C	38.77	1	38.77	327.90	<0.000 1	**
D	1.79	1	1.79	15.17	0.001 6	*
AB	1.21	1	1.21	10.23	0.006 4	*
AC	0.72	1	0.72	6.11	0.029 6
AD	0.068	1	0.068	0.57	0.462 1
BC	7.16	1	7.16	60.52	<0.000 1	**
BD	0.12	1	0.12	0.98	0.339 6
CD	0.79	1	0.79	6.70	0.021 5	*
A²	10.89	1	10.89	92.06	<0.000 1	**
B²	28.65	1	28.65	242.31	<0.000 1	**
C²	125.82	1	125.82	1 064.06	<0.000 1	**
D²	66.96	1	66.96	566.29	<0.000 1	**
残差Residual	1.66	14	0.12
失拟项Lack of fit	1.30	10	0.13	1.45	0.383 7
纯误差Pure error	0.36	4	0.089
总合Sum	234.98	28

松籽油水酶法提取及酶法破乳工艺研究

Study on water enzymatic extraction of pine seed oil and enzymatic demulsification technology

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试验号 No.	(A)酶解时间 Enzymatic hydrolysis time/h	(B)酶解温度 Enzymatic hydrolysis temperature/℃	(C)酶解pH值 Enzymatic hydrolysis pH value	(D)加酶量 Enzyme dosage/ (U·g^-1)	(R)提油率 Oil extraction rate/%
1	1	0	0	1	64.91
2	0	0	0	0	70.97
3	-1	-1	0	0	67.11
4	1	0	1	0	64.91
5	-1	0	0	-1	66.77
6	0	-1	0	1	65.69
7	0	0	-1	-1	60.90
8	0	1	0	1	65.53
9	0	-1	1	0	64.12
10	1	-1	0	0	66.53
11	0	0	0	0	70.22
12	-1	0	1	0	68.11
13	0	1	1	0	67.20
14	1	0	-1	0	62.25
15	0	1	0	-1	64.25
16	1	1	0	0	66.01
17	0	0	-1	1	60.98
18	0	0	0	0	70.38
19	0	1	-1	0	61.15
20	-1	1	0	0	68.79
21	0	0	1	-1	63.91
22	0	0	0	0	70.54
23	-1	0	-1	0	63.75
24	0	-1	0	-1	65.09
25	-1	0	0	1	67.44
26	0	0	0	0	70.29
27	0	-1	-1	0	63.42
28	1	0	0	-1	64.76
29	0	0	1	1	65.77