温州红鸡生长曲线拟合与最佳上市周龄分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231136

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究温州红鸡生长发育规律和不同周龄温州红鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质的差异,为确定最佳上市周龄和高效养殖提供理论依据。利用Logistic模型、Gompertz模型和Von Bertalanffy模型对温州红鸡0~24周龄的生长曲线进行拟合分析;分别选取26、30和34周龄的温州红鸡各20只(公母各半),测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质。结果表明:3种非线性模型均可以较好地拟合温州红鸡的生长,拟合度(R²)均达到0.99以上,其中Von Bertalanffy模型更适合公鸡(R²=0.998 2),Gompertz模型更适合母鸡(R²=0.997 3)。屠宰率达到90%以上,全净膛率达到68%以上。公鸡、母鸡在各周龄时的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、剪切力、水分含量、粗灰分含量和粗蛋白含量无显著差异,剪切力随着周龄的增长逐渐增大;30周龄公鸡的粗脂肪含量最高,26周龄公鸡的总钙含量最高,26周龄、30周龄公鸡的总磷含量显著(P<0.05)高于34周龄公鸡;母鸡在30周龄总钙含量和粗脂肪含量较高。胸肌中共检测出16种氨基酸,30周龄母鸡的呈味氨基酸含量高于其他周龄,公鸡的呈味氨基酸含量随周龄增长逐渐降低;胸肌中不饱和脂肪酸总量高于饱和脂肪酸,34周龄母鸡和30周龄公鸡不饱和脂肪酸含量最高。30周龄时每只公鸡生产利润为46.79元,母鸡生产利润为18.73元。综上所述,温州红鸡母鸡在30~34周龄上市为宜,公鸡在30周龄上市为宜。

关键词: 温州红鸡, 生长曲线, 屠宰性能, 肌肉品质, 上市周龄

Abstract:

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the growth and development patterns of Wenzhou Red chicken, along with the differences in slaughter performance and muscle quality at different ages, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for determining the best marketing age and efficient farming. The growth curve of Wenzhou Red chicken from 0 to 24 weeks old was analyzed by fitting it to Logistic, Gompertz, and Von Bertalanffy models; 20 chickens of each age group at 26, 30, and 34 weeks (half rooster and half hen) were selected to measure slaughter performance and muscle quality. The results showed that all three nonlinear models fit well the growth of Wenzhou Red chicken, with a fitting degree (R²) reaching over 0.99, among which the Von Bertalanffy model was more suitable for roosters (R²=0.998 2), and the Gompertz model was more suitable for hens (R²=0.997 3). The dressing percentage reached over 90%, and the whole carcass weight rate reached over 68%. There were no significant differences in half carcass weight rate, whole carcass weight rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate, shear force, water content, crude ash content and crude protein content between rooster and hen, and shear force was increased with the age increasing. The crude fat content of roosters at 30 weeks was the highest and the total calcium content of roosters at 26 weeks was the highest. The total phosphorus content in 26 weeks and 30 weeks old roosters were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in 34 weeks old ones. The total calcium content and crude fat content in hens at 30 weeks of age were relatively high. In the pectoral muscle, 16 amino acids were detected, with hens at 30 weeks of age having higher levels of flavor amino acids than at other ages, while roosters showed a gradual decrease in these amino acids with age; the total unsaturated fatty acids content in the pectoral muscle was higher than that of saturated fatty acids, with the highest unsaturated fatty acids content in hens at 34 weeks and roosters at 30 weeks. At 30 weeks, the profit per rooster was 46.79 yuan, and per hen was 18.73 yuan. In conclusion, it was appropriate for Wenzhou Red chicken hens to be marketed at 30 to 34 weeks of age and roosters at 30 weeks of age.

Key words: Wenzhou Red chicken, growth curve, slaughter performance, muscle quality, marketing age

中图分类号:

S831.2

李紫薇, 张雅文, 宋斌, 侯凤香, 金俊杰, 赵燕, 卢立志. 温州红鸡生长曲线拟合与最佳上市周龄分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(8): 1741-1752.

LI Ziwei, ZHANG Yawen, SONG Bin, HOU Fengxiang, JIN Junjie, ZHAO Yan, LU Lizhi. Growth curve fitting and the optimal marketing age of Wenzhou Red chicken[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(8): 1741-1752.

日粮 Diet	含量Content
日粮 Diet	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	粗灰分 Crude ash	总钙 Total calcium	总磷 Total phosphorus	蛋氨酸 Methionine	赖氨酸 Lysine	水 Water	氯化钠 Sodium chloride
仔鸡料Chick food	20	5	8.5	0.8~1.3	0.60	0.40~0.90	1.06	13.5	0.3~0.8
青年鸡料Young chicken food	17~20	5	10	0.8~1.3	0.55	0.30~0.90	0.88	13.5	0.3~0.8
蛋鸡料Layer food	16	8	18	2.4~4.2	0.50	0.32~0.90	0.60	13.5	0.3~0.8

日粮 Diet	含量Content
日粮 Diet	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗纤维 Crude fiber	粗灰分 Crude ash	总钙 Total calcium	总磷 Total phosphorus	蛋氨酸 Methionine	赖氨酸 Lysine	水 Water	氯化钠 Sodium chloride
仔鸡料Chick food	20	5	8.5	0.8~1.3	0.60	0.40~0.90	1.06	13.5	0.3~0.8
青年鸡料Young chicken food	17~20	5	10	0.8~1.3	0.55	0.30~0.90	0.88	13.5	0.3~0.8
蛋鸡料Layer food	16	8	18	2.4~4.2	0.50	0.32~0.90	0.60	13.5	0.3~0.8

模型 Modle	表达式 Expression	拐点体重 Body weight of inflection	拐点周龄 Weeks of inflection	最大周增重 Maximum weekly gain
Logisitic	y=A/(1+Be^-^Kt)	A/2	Ln(B)/K	Kw/2
Gompertz	y=Ae^-Bexp^(-^Kt⁾	A/e	Ln(B)/K	Kw
Von Bertalanffy	y=A(1-Be^-^Kt)³	8A/27	Ln(3B)/K	3Kw/2

模型 Modle	表达式 Expression	拐点体重 Body weight of inflection	拐点周龄 Weeks of inflection	最大周增重 Maximum weekly gain
Logisitic	y=A/(1+Be^-^Kt)	A/2	Ln(B)/K	Kw/2
Gompertz	y=Ae^-Bexp^(-^Kt⁾	A/e	Ln(B)/K	Kw
Von Bertalanffy	y=A(1-Be^-^Kt)³	8A/27	Ln(3B)/K	3Kw/2

模型 Modle	性别 Gender	参数估计值 Estimate parameter			拟合度R² Fitting degree	拐点周龄 Weeks of inflection	拐点体重 Body weight of inflection/g	最大周增重 Maximum weekly gain/g
模型 Modle	性别 Gender	A	B	K	拟合度R² Fitting degree	拐点周龄 Weeks of inflection	拐点体重 Body weight of inflection/g	最大周增重 Maximum weekly gain/g
Logisitic	公Rooster 母Hen	1 714.881 1 243.678	19.935 18.106	0.228 0.240	0.992 5 0.994 4	13.125 12.068	857.441 621.839	97.748 74.621
Gompertz	公Rooster 母Hen	2 028.902 1 413.081	4.078 3.949	0.120 0.133	0.997 5 0.997 3	11.713 10.327	746.391 519.843	89.567 69.139
Von Bertalanffy	公Rooster 母Hen	2 335.862 1 563.407	0.831 0.822	0.083 0.096	0.998 2 0.997 0	11.006 9.402	692.107 463.232	86.167 66.705

温州红鸡生长曲线拟合与最佳上市周龄分析

Growth curve fitting and the optimal marketing age of Wenzhou Red chicken

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图/表 12

周龄 Weeks of age	屠宰率 Dressing percentage		半净膛率 Half carcass rate		全净膛率 Whole carcass rate		胸肌率 Breast muscle rate		腿肌率 Leg muscle rate
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡 Hen	公鸡 Rooster	母鸡 Hen	公鸡 Rooster	母鸡 Hen	公鸡 Rooster	母鸡 Hen	公鸡 Rooster	母鸡 Hen	公鸡 Rooster
26	95.18± 1.87 a^**	90.76± 1.27 b^**	83.00± 4.62	82.11± 2.27	69.23± 3.40	68.68± 2.55	15.58± 2.01^*	12.13± 3.86^*	21.16± 1.17^*	22.50± 1.38^*
30	92.06± 2.66 b	92.92± 1.84 a	83.87± 3.73	83.92± 4.37	70.36± 2.82	70.62± 4.88	14.36± 2.47	13.77± 2.12	22.24± 1.96	24.08± 3.67
34	93.29± 1.59 ab	93.46± 2.70 a	82.68± 3.54^**	86.54± 1.97^**	70.51± 3.39	69.86± 6.37	16.06± 2.61^*	13.02± 2.29^*	21.25± 1.95	24.10± 5.76

周龄 Weeks of age	pH值pH value		剪切力Shear force/N		滴水损失Drip loss/%
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster
26	5.91±0.24 b	6.14±0.34	29.81±13.93	31.58±15.00	2.93±1.79	5.30±2.04 a
30	5.99±0.23 b	5.90±0.24	33.34±11.57	32.75±9.81	4.64±1.86	2.63±1.10 b
34	6.24±0.27 a	5.88±0.27	35.30±9.02	36.38±8.24	3.57±0.72	4.83±1.70 a

氨基酸 Amino acid	母鸡Hen			公鸡Rooster
氨基酸 Amino acid	26周龄 26 weeks of age	30周龄 30 weeks of age	34周龄 34 weeks of age	26周龄 26 weeks of age	30周龄 30 weeks of age	34周龄 34 weeks of age
天门冬氨酸Aspartate	2.11±0.04	2.12±0.07	2.09±0.06	2.17±0.10 a	2.05±0.08 ab	2.00±0.13 b
谷氨酸Glutamate	3.38±0.09	3.39±0.09	3.30±0.10	3.46±0.12 a	3.27±0.12 ab	3.22±0.18 b
甘氨酸Glycine	1.00±0.05^*	1.01±0.03	0.97±0.04^**	1.14±0.10 ab^*	1.02±0.05 b	1.19±0.10 a^**
丙氨酸Alanine	1.14±0.02 a	1.14±0.04 a	1.07±0.04 b	1.17±0.05 a	1.07±0.05 b	1.04±0.08 b
酪氨酸Tyrosine	0.53±0.01	0.54±0.02	0.52±0.04	0.55±0.02	0.54±0.02	0.52±0.04
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine	1.28±0.05	1.28±0.04	1.23±0.05	1.24±0.20	1.21±0.06	1.17±0.18
呈味氨基酸总和	9.44±0.24	9.48±0.28	9.19±0.31	9.72±0.54	9.16±0.35	9.13±0.51
Total flavor amino acids
苏氨酸Threonine	1.00 ±0.03	1.01±0.03	0.99±0.03	1.02±0.04	0.97±0.04	0.96±0.07
丝氨酸Serine	0.82 ±0.02	0.83±0.02	0.82±0.02	0.85±0.03	0.80±0.03	0.80±0.05
脯氨酸Proline	0.84 ±0.03^*	0.84±0.02^*	0.87±0.03	0.92±0.06^*	0.89±0.04^*	0.95±0.08
缬氨酸Valine	1.19 ±0.04	1.21±0.04	1.19±0.04	1.22±0.07	1.17±0.05	1.14±0.09
蛋氨酸Methionine	0.53 ±0.02	0.53±0.02^*	0.52±0.01	0.53±0.03	0.50±0.02^*	0.50±0.04
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	1.14 ±0.03	1.16±0.04	1.16±0.05	1.17±0.05	1.14±0.05	1.10±0.09
亮氨酸Leucine	1.80 ±0.04	1.82±0.06	1.79±0.05	1.83±0.09	1.77±0.07	1.71±0.13
组氨酸Histidine	1.50 ±0.10	1.50±0.09	1.51±0.07	1.37±0.46	1.47±0.12	1.26±0.41
赖氨酸Lysine	1.81 ±0.04	1.79±0.06^*	1.66±0.04	1.81±0.09	1.64±0.09^*	1.51±0.14
精氨酸Arginine	1.36 ±0.04	1.39±0.05	1.41±0.05	1.43±0.06	1.40±0.05	1.40±0.10
氨基酸总量	21.07±1.26	21.54±0.60	21.10±0.67	21.88±1.48	20.92±0.88	20.45±1.50
Total amino acids

成分含量 Component content		母鸡Hen			公鸡Rooster
成分含量 Component content		26周龄 26 weeks of age	30周龄 30 weeks of age	34周龄 34 weeks of age	26周龄 26 weeks of age	30周龄 30 weeks of age	34周龄 34 weeks of age
肌苷酸		1.84±0.30 a	1.35±0.22 b	1.55±0.26 ab	1.56±0.22	1.50±0.23	1.68±0.18
Inocinic acid/(mg·g^-1)
饱和脂肪酸	棕榈酸C16:0	20.98±0.84	22.00±1.38	22.10±1.16	21.94±1.11	21.52±0.64	21.07±2.41
Saturated	硬脂酸C18:0	14.15±2.79 a	13.53±2.31 ab	10.55±0.94 b^*	14.77±4.44	11.23±0.60	13.25±2.37^*
fatty acids/%	花生酸C20:0	0.30±0.10	0.28±0.05	0.34±0.06	0.34±0.15	0.40±0.10	0.28±0.11
	二十四烷酸C24:0	1.66±0.37	1.20±0.80	0.97±0.92	2.42±0.95	1.38±0.55	1.99±0.77
不饱和脂肪酸	棕榈油酸C16:1	1.73±0.39 b	2.20±0.64 b	3.31±0.90 a	1.86±1.07	2.83±0.46	2.24±1.43
Unsaturated	油酸C18:1	32.75±3.26 b	36.55±3.66 ab	38.26±3.45 a^*	30.45±3.54 ab	34.37±3.13 a	27.79±5.33 b^*
fatty acids/%	反亚油酸C18:2TT	14.38±2.60	12.33±4.93	15.60±1.54	14.43±3.48	15.90±1.56	14.93±2.83
	γ-亚麻酸 C18-3	0.19±0.05	0.69±1.04	0.09±0.04	0.30±0.18	0.28±0.12	0.18±0.11
	二十碳三烯酸C20:3	0.22±0.08	0.27±0.14	0.37±0.16	0.20±0.04	0.26±0.07	0.27±0.24
	二十碳二烯酸C20:2	0.15±0.03	0.15±0.07	0.09±0.03	0.25±0.09	0.14±0.06	0.19±0.11
	二十碳烯酸C20:1	0.19±0.05	0.15±0.07	0.18±0.04	0.26±0.05	0.22±0.03	0.25±0.10
	花生四烯酸C20:4	0.25±0.12	0.17±0.08	0.16±0.18	0.31±0.06	0.25±0.06	0.28±0.12
	二十碳五烯酸C20:5	0.65±0.21 a	0.49±0.30 a

周龄 Weeks of age	水分含量Water content/%		粗灰分含量Crude ash content/%		粗脂肪含量Crude fat content/%
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster
26	71.71±0.49	72.45±1.50	6.15±1.51	6.65±2.42	1.73±0.64 b	1.59±0.24 b
30	72.05±1.13	72.02±1.27	4.94±0.97	5.83±2.66	2.46±0.72 ab	2.17±0.34 a
34	71.20±0.78	72.62±1.92	5.10±1.23	6.12±1.57	2.55±0.17 a	2.06±0.55 ab
周龄 Weeks of age	粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content/%		总钙含量 Total calcium content/( mg·kg^-1)		总磷含量 Total phosphorus content/( mg·kg^-1)
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster
26	24.19±1.36	23.64±0.93	96.78±23.92	101.70±13.40 a	401.20±48.83	399.40±24.57 a
30	23.84±1.64	23.51±2.30	114.60±16.0	78.42±3.32 b	381.20±58.67	409.80±21.09 a
34	22.22±2.12	24.23±1.99	91.36±8.81	75.20±9.72 b	377.60±35.14	341.80±33.72 b

周龄 Weeks of age	水分含量Water content/%		粗灰分含量Crude ash content/%		粗脂肪含量Crude fat content/%
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster
26	71.71±0.49	72.45±1.50	6.15±1.51	6.65±2.42	1.73±0.64 b	1.59±0.24 b
30	72.05±1.13	72.02±1.27	4.94±0.97	5.83±2.66	2.46±0.72 ab	2.17±0.34 a
34	71.20±0.78	72.62±1.92	5.10±1.23	6.12±1.57	2.55±0.17 a	2.06±0.55 ab
周龄 Weeks of age	粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content/%		总钙含量 Total calcium content/( mg·kg^-1)		总磷含量 Total phosphorus content/( mg·kg^-1)
周龄 Weeks of age	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster	母鸡Hen	公鸡Rooster
26	24.19±1.36	23.64±0.93	96.78±23.92	101.70±13.40 a	401.20±48.83	399.40±24.57 a
30	23.84±1.64	23.51±2.30	114.60±16.0	78.42±3.32 b	381.20±58.67	409.80±21.09 a
34	22.22±2.12	24.23±1.99	91.36±8.81	75.20±9.72 b	377.60±35.14	341.80±33.72 b