田间废弃秸秆捡拾打捆机设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231417

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2368-2378.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231417

田间废弃秸秆捡拾打捆机设计与试验

王浩杨¹(), 荆天天¹, 唐忠¹^,^*(), 王国强², 陈树人¹

1.江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江 212013
2.江苏省现代农牧装备工程技术研究开发中心,江苏泰州 225300

收稿日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-30
作者简介:王浩杨(1999—),男,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为智能农机装备理论与技术。E-mail:577325015@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*唐忠,E-mail: tangzhong2012@126.com
基金资助:
泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202219);2022年度国家农业可持续发展试验示范区建设市级财政专项资金(ZK20230001)

Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

WANG Haoyang¹(), JING Tiantian¹, TANG Zhong¹^,^*(), WANG Guoqiang², CHEN Shuren¹

1. College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
2. Jiangsu Modern Agricultual and Animal Husbandry Equipment Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-12-18 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对南方地区田间废弃秸秆收获中机械化程度低、人工劳动强度大的问题,文章设计了可以完成秸秆捡拾、喂入输送、压缩成捆一体化作业的自走式捡拾打捆机,能够有效推动秸秆资源的综合化利用。通过对整机关键运动部件进行结构参数计算与设计,利用仿真获取压缩装置不同单元点位置的运动规律。采用ANSYS完成了主机架的约束模态仿真,得出了固有频率与机体多源激振的关系,最后进行了整机田间收获试验,对其作业性能进行综合评估。结果表明,成捆率与规则成捆率分别为98.94%与97.47%,成型草捆的平均尺寸为65 cm×50 cm×36 cm,平均草捆质量为16.02 kg,密度为137.42 kg·m^-3,草捆抗摔率为96.25%,总损失率为2.95%,纯工作小时生产率为0.832 5 t·h^-1。该研究可以为田间废弃秸秆捡拾输送、打捆成形一体机的研制与后续优化提供参考。

关键词: 秸秆收获, 捡拾打捆机, 装置结构设计, 田间性能试验

Abstract:

A self-propelled straw picking and baling device has been designed to address the issues of low mechanization and high manual labor intensity in the harvesting of wasted straw in the fields of southern regions. It can complete integrated operation processes such as straw picking, feeding, conveying, and compression into bales, which can effectively promote the comprehensive use of straw resources. In this paper, the structural parameters of the key moving parts of the whole machine were calculated and designed, and the motion laws of different unit points of the compression device were obtained through simulation. Then the constrained mode simulation of the main frame was completed in ANSYS, and the relationship between natural frequency and multi-source excitation of the body was obtained. Finally, field harvesting experiments were conducted on the entire machine to comprehensively evaluate its operational performance. The results showed that the baling rate and regular baling rate were 98.94% and 97.47%, respectively. The average size of formed straw bales was 65 cm×50 cm×36 cm, with an average mass of 16.02 kg, the density of 137.42 kg·m^-3, the resistance rate of 96.25%, the total loss rate of 2.95%, and the pure working hour productivity of 0.832 5 t·h^-1. This study can provide reference for the development and subsequent optimization of the integrated machine for picking, transporting, and baling wasted straw in field.

Key words: straw harvesting, self-propelled baler, structural design of the device, field performance test

中图分类号:

S225.31

王浩杨, 荆天天, 唐忠, 王国强, 陈树人. 田间废弃秸秆捡拾打捆机设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2368-2378.

WANG Haoyang, JING Tiantian, TANG Zhong, WANG Guoqiang, CHEN Shuren. Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2368-2378.

图/表 15

参考文献 20

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项目 Item	参数 Parameter
结构型式 Structural style	履带自走式 Crawler self- propelled type
发动机额定功率Rated power of engine/kW	48
发动机额定转速 Rated engine speed/(r·min^-1)	2 400
整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高) Overall dimensions of the machine (length× width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	4 700×2 700×2 570
整机质量Whole machine weight/kg	3 500
捡拾割台宽度 Width of the pick-up and cutting table/mm	1 900
捡拾器型式 Pick up type	滑道滚筒式 Slide roller type
履带规格(宽度×节距×节数) Track specifications (width×pitch×number of sections)/(mm×mm)	450×90×51
履带轨距Track gauge/mm	1 150
理论作业速度 Theoretical working speed/(km·h^-1)	0~5.34
作业小时生产率 Hourly productivity of working/(hm²·h^-1)	0.3~0.7
压缩室截面尺寸 Compression chamber cross-sectional dimensions/(mm×mm)	360×500
草捆长度Straw length/mm	400~1 100

项目 Item	参数 Parameter
结构型式 Structural style	履带自走式 Crawler self- propelled type
发动机额定功率Rated power of engine/kW	48
发动机额定转速 Rated engine speed/(r·min^-1)	2 400
整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高) Overall dimensions of the machine (length× width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	4 700×2 700×2 570
整机质量Whole machine weight/kg	3 500
捡拾割台宽度 Width of the pick-up and cutting table/mm	1 900
捡拾器型式 Pick up type	滑道滚筒式 Slide roller type
履带规格(宽度×节距×节数) Track specifications (width×pitch×number of sections)/(mm×mm)	450×90×51
履带轨距Track gauge/mm	1 150
理论作业速度 Theoretical working speed/(km·h^-1)	0~5.34
作业小时生产率 Hourly productivity of working/(hm²·h^-1)	0.3~0.7
压缩室截面尺寸 Compression chamber cross-sectional dimensions/(mm×mm)	360×500
草捆长度Straw length/mm	400~1 100

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	26.615	5.989 5	驾驶室支撑梁弯曲The cab support beam is bent
2	32.434	5.737 1	驾驶室位置向下弯曲The driver’s cab is bent downwards
3	34.795	6.531 7	左前侧框架向下弯曲Left front frame bends downwards
4	39.020	6.421 2	草料箱位置支撑梁弯曲 The support beam for the position of the hay box is bent
5	51.834	10.619 0	驾驶室支撑梁扭转Driver’s cab support beam torsion
6	52.930	9.395 1	驾驶室框架弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting of cab frame

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	26.615	5.989 5	驾驶室支撑梁弯曲The cab support beam is bent
2	32.434	5.737 1	驾驶室位置向下弯曲The driver’s cab is bent downwards
3	34.795	6.531 7	左前侧框架向下弯曲Left front frame bends downwards
4	39.020	6.421 2	草料箱位置支撑梁弯曲 The support beam for the position of the hay box is bent
5	51.834	10.619 0	驾驶室支撑梁扭转Driver’s cab support beam torsion
6	52.930	9.395 1	驾驶室框架弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting of cab frame

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	11.213	7.152 1	机架后端出草支撑板弯曲The grass support plate at the back of the rack is bent
2	17.934	1.870 8	机架中间位置弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting in the middle position of the rack
3	25.073	2.993 1	机架顶部后端弯曲The top and rear ends of the rack are bent
4	36.787	9.270 6	后端出草支撑板弯扭组合Back end grass support plate bending and twisting combination
5	52.231	8.038 1	机架中间侧板向内弯曲The middle side panel of the rack bends inward
6	60.466	3.755 5	机架前端两侧板弯扭组合
			Combination of bending and twisting of the two side plates at the front end of the rack

田间废弃秸秆捡拾打捆机设计与试验

Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

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激振源 Excitation source	转速 Speed/(r·min^-1)	频率 Frequency/Hz	激振源 Excitation source	转速 Speed/(r·min^-1)	频率 Frequency/Hz
发动机Engine	2 400	40	变速箱输入轴Transmission input shaft	391.7	6.53
中间轴Intermediate shaft	1 354	22.57	活塞轴Piston shaft	96.5	1.61
前拨草滚筒Front grass roller	341.8	5.70	后拨草滚筒Rear grass roller	569.8	9.50
螺旋绞龙Auger screw	226	3.77	弹齿捡拾器Elastic tooth picker	141	2.35

试验指标 Experimental index	试验序号Experimental number				平均值 Average value
试验指标 Experimental index	1	2	3	4	平均值 Average value
试验时间Experimental time	上午Morning	下午Afternoon	上午Morning	下午Afternoon	—
气温Temperature/℃	18	23	17	24	—
秸秆含水率Moisture content of straw/%	38	35	37	34	36
行驶速度Driving speed/(km·h^-1)	3.6	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.95
总捆数/捆Total number of bundles	196	154	108	121	—
草捆质量Straw bundle quality/kg	15.62	16.24	16.63	15.59	16.02
草捆密度Straw bundle density/( kg·m^-3)	133.53	138.12	142.71	135.31	137.42
成捆率Bundling rate/%	98.97	99.35	99.07	98.35	98.94
规则成捆率Rule bundling rate/%	98.47	97.40	98.15	95.87	97.47
草捆抗摔率Straw bundle drop resistance rate/%	90	100	95	100	96.25
总损失率Total loss rate/%	3.5	3.1	2.4	2.8	2.95
纯工作小时生产率Pure hourly productivity/(t·h^-1)	0.87	0.83	0.89	0.74	0.832 5