薄颌光唇鱼的形态特征与染色体核型分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240668

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2042-2048.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240668

薄颌光唇鱼的形态特征与染色体核型分析

简杰亮¹(), 顾华鑫², 顾祝荣², 王宝莲², 范峰林², 吴旭国³, 许晓军¹^,^*()

1.浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.江山市养殖业发展服务中心,浙江江山 324100
3.江山市溪坑家庭农场,浙江江山 324107

收稿日期:2024-07-23 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-13
作者简介:简杰亮(1997—),男,河南信阳人,硕士,主要从事鱼类资源研究。E-mail:1073068527@qq.com
通讯作者: *许晓军,E-mail:xuxj@zaas.ac.cn

Morphological character and karyotype of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii

JIAN Jieliang¹(), GU Huaxin², GU Zhurong², WANG Baolian², FAN Fenglin², WU Xuguo³, XU Xiaojun¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Breeding Industry Development Center of Jiangshan City, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang, China
3. Jiangshan Xikeng Family Farm, Jiangshan 324107, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-07-23 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为丰富光唇鱼属的核型数据库,以从浙江省江山市周村溪捕捞的薄颌光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii)为实验材料,对其开展形态学特征和染色体组型研究。结果显示,该群体的体长为体高的2.73~4.66倍,体长为头长的3.20~5.23倍,头长为吻长的1.50~3.47倍,头长为眼径的3.72~5.96倍,外鳃耙数为8~14。其主要鉴别特征为:下唇断离为两个侧瓣,唇后沟间隔较窄,小于口宽的1/3。薄颌光唇鱼的二倍体染色体数目为50,核型公式为2n =50=14m+8sm+8st+20t,染色体臂数为72,未发现异型性染色体。

关键词: 薄颌光唇鱼, 形态特征, 染色体核型

Abstract:

In order to enrich the karyotype information of Acrossocheilus, morphological and karyotypic analyses of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii were performed on wild individuals collected from Zhoucun River, Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province of China. The morphological results showed that the body length is 2.73-4.66 times and 3.20-5.23 times as long as the body depth and head length, respectively. The head length is 1.50-3.47 times and 3.72-5.96 times as long as the snout length and the eye diameter, respectively. The number of gill rakers is 8-14. The main distinguishing features of A. kreyenbergii are as the following: the lower lip is separated by two lateral lobes, the posterior labial sulci interval is narrow, less than 1/3 of the mouth width. A. kreyenbergii has a diploid chromosome number of 50 and the karyotype formula is 2n=50=14m+8sm+8st+20t. The number of chromosome arms is 72. There are no heteromorphic sex chromosomes.

Key words: Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii, morphological character, chromosome karyotype

中图分类号:

S917

简杰亮, 顾华鑫, 顾祝荣, 王宝莲, 范峰林, 吴旭国, 许晓军. 薄颌光唇鱼的形态特征与染色体核型分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(10): 2042-2048.

JIAN Jieliang, GU Huaxin, GU Zhurong, WANG Baolian, FAN Fenglin, WU Xuguo, XU Xiaojun. Morphological character and karyotype of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(10): 2042-2048.

图/表 7

参考文献 35

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指标 Index	数值范围 Numerical range	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	文献[2]中的数值范围 Numerical range in Reference[2]
体长/体高Ratio of body length to body depth	2.73~4.66	3.78±0.31	3.42~3.72
体长/头长Ratio of body length to head length	3.20~5.23	4.08±0.33	4.11~4.39
体长/尾柄长Ratio of body length to caudal peduncle length	3.83~7.22	5.66±0.74	5.25~6.15
体长/尾柄高Ratio of body length to caudal peduncle depth	7.88~11.19	9.86±0.60	8.07~9.60
头长/吻长Ratio of head length to snout length	1.50~3.47	2.48±0.32	2.54~3.42
头长/眼径Ratio of head length to eye diameter	3.72~5.96	4.86±0.56	4.00~4.66
头长/尾柄长Ratio of head length to caudal peduncle length	0.94~1.99	1.39±0.21	1.22~1.41
头长/尾柄高Ratio of head length to caudal peduncle depth	1.78~2.97	2.43±0.23	1.96~2.27
体高/尾柄高Ratio of body depth to caudal peduncle depth	2.09~3.23	2.63±0.21	2.30~2.80
尾柄长/尾柄高Ratio of caudal peduncle length to caudal peduncle depth	1.35~2.56	1.78±0.28	1.53~1.80
头长/眼间距Ratio of head length to interorbital width	1.73~3.51	2.40±0.36	2.55~2.92

指标 Index	数值范围 Numerical range	平均值±标准差 Mean±SD	文献[2]中的数值范围 Numerical range in Reference[2]
体长/体高Ratio of body length to body depth	2.73~4.66	3.78±0.31	3.42~3.72
体长/头长Ratio of body length to head length	3.20~5.23	4.08±0.33	4.11~4.39
体长/尾柄长Ratio of body length to caudal peduncle length	3.83~7.22	5.66±0.74	5.25~6.15
体长/尾柄高Ratio of body length to caudal peduncle depth	7.88~11.19	9.86±0.60	8.07~9.60
头长/吻长Ratio of head length to snout length	1.50~3.47	2.48±0.32	2.54~3.42
头长/眼径Ratio of head length to eye diameter	3.72~5.96	4.86±0.56	4.00~4.66
头长/尾柄长Ratio of head length to caudal peduncle length	0.94~1.99	1.39±0.21	1.22~1.41
头长/尾柄高Ratio of head length to caudal peduncle depth	1.78~2.97	2.43±0.23	1.96~2.27
体高/尾柄高Ratio of body depth to caudal peduncle depth	2.09~3.23	2.63±0.21	2.30~2.80
尾柄长/尾柄高Ratio of caudal peduncle length to caudal peduncle depth	1.35~2.56	1.78±0.28	1.53~1.80
头长/眼间距Ratio of head length to interorbital width	1.73~3.51	2.40±0.36	2.55~2.92

指标 Index	数值 Value	文献[2]中的数值 Numerical value in Reference[2]
背鳍条数Number of dorsal-fin rays	8(3)	8(3)
胸鳍条数Number of pectoral-fin rays	16(1)	14~16(1)
腹鳍条数Number of pelvic-fin rays	9(1)	8(1)
臀鳍条数Number of anal-fin rays	5(3)	5(3)
侧线鳞数Number of lateral-line scales	40~41	39~41
侧线上鳞数Number of scales above lateral-line	5~6	5~6
侧线下鳞数Number of scales below lateral-line	4~5	4~5
外鳃耙数Number of gill rakers	8~14	15~16

指标 Index	数值 Value	文献[2]中的数值 Numerical value in Reference[2]
背鳍条数Number of dorsal-fin rays	8(3)	8(3)
胸鳍条数Number of pectoral-fin rays	16(1)	14~16(1)
腹鳍条数Number of pelvic-fin rays	9(1)	8(1)
臀鳍条数Number of anal-fin rays	5(3)	5(3)
侧线鳞数Number of lateral-line scales	40~41	39~41
侧线上鳞数Number of scales above lateral-line	5~6	5~6
侧线下鳞数Number of scales below lateral-line	4~5	4~5
外鳃耙数Number of gill rakers	8~14	15~16

染色体序号 Chromosome No.	相对长度 Relative length/%	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type
1	2.138	1.179	m
2	2.535	1.244	m
3	1.879	1.185	m
4	2.111	1.354	m
5	2.319	1.457	m
6	2.592	1.295	m
7	2.055	1.655	m
8	2.732	1.818	sm
9	1.658	2.815	sm
10	2.296	2.380	sm
11	2.440	1.747	sm
12	1.892	3.353	st
13	1.605	3.174	st
14	2.238	4.821	st
15	3.670	3.912	st
16	1.903	∞	t
17	1.451	∞	t
18	1.700	∞	t
19	1.479	∞	t
20	1.754	∞	t
21	1.427	∞	t
22	1.703	∞	t
23	1.452	∞	t
24	1.185	∞	t
25	1.357	∞	t

薄颌光唇鱼的形态特征与染色体核型分析

Morphological character and karyotype of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii

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种名 Species	2n	核型公式 Karyotype formula	染色体臂数 Number of chromosome arms	取样地 Sampling location	文献 Reference
光唇鱼A. fasciatus	50	14m+16sm+6st+14t	80	浙江Zhejiang	[24]
侧条光唇鱼A. parallens	50	14m+16sm+8st+12t	80	广东Guangdong	[26]
吉首光唇鱼A. jishouensis	50	14m+16sm+12st+8t	80	湖南Hunan	[27]
虹彩光唇鱼A. iridescens	50	14m+16sm+10st+10t	80	贵州Guizhou	[28]
北江光唇鱼A. beijiangensis	50	14m+16sm+14st+6t	80	广东Guangdong	[29]
云南光唇鱼A. yunnanensis	50	10m+18sm+12st+10t	78	四川Sichuan	[30]
半刺光唇鱼A. hemispinus	50	10m+16sm+8st+16t	76	广西Guangxi	[30]
薄颌光唇鱼A. kreyenbergii	50	14m+8sm+8st+20t	72	浙江Zhejiang	本文Present study

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染色体数目 Number of chromosomes	分裂相数目 Number of metaphase	分裂相所占比例 Percentage of metaphase/%
≤46	6	6
47	5	5
48	4	4
49	4	4
50	79	79
≥51	2	2

染色体数目 Number of chromosomes	分裂相数目 Number of metaphase	分裂相所占比例 Percentage of metaphase/%
≤46	6	6
47	5	5
48	4	4
49	4	4
50	79	79
≥51	2	2