数字经济发展对农民收入的影响——基于2013—2023年面板数据分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250472

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 600-608.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250472

数字经济发展对农民收入的影响——基于2013—2023年面板数据分析

杨沛文()

浙江商业职业技术学院财经管理学院, 浙江杭州 310015

收稿日期:2025-07-07 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-17
作者简介:杨沛文,研究方向为乡村振兴与数字经济。E-mail:00680@zjbc.edu.cn
基金资助:
2022年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(22NDJC38YBM)

Effect of digital economy development on farmers’ income: based on panel data analysis from 2013 to 2023

YANG Peiwen()

Economy and Management Department, Zhejiang Business College, Hangzhou 310015, China

Received:2025-07-07 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于2013—2023年我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,构建双固定效应模型,实证研究数字经济对农民收入的影响。结果表明,数字经济发展促进农民增收,但地区异质性显著,西部和中部地区的影响效应显著为正,东部地区由于数字经济发展快但未能及时提升农民技能以适应新的经济环境,增收效应未能体现。数字经济在不同维度的影响差异显著,其中数字经济基础设施水平的影响不显著,数字经济应用水平和数字经济环境水平的影响均显著,且数字经济环境水平的促进作用最强。在4个控制变量中,城镇化水平对农民收入增长的影响最大,地区经济发展水平和农村人力资本也都显著促进了农民收入的增长。建议深入实施数字乡村建设行动,加大人才培养力度,完善配套政策,推动数字经济与农村经济深度融合。

关键词: 数字经济, 农民收入, 异质性, 数字鸿沟

Abstract:

Based on panel data from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2013 to 2023, this study constructed a double fixed-effects model to empirically examine the effect of the digital economy on farmers’ income. The results showed that digital economy development promoted farmers’ income increase, but there was significant regional heterogeneity. The effects were significantly positive in the western and central regions, while in the eastern region, due to the rapid development of the digital economy but the failure to timely improve farmers’ skills to adapt to the new economic environment, the effect of increasing income has not been reflected. The effect of different dimensions of the digital economy varies significantly, among which the effect of digital economic infrastructure was not significant. The effects of digital economic applications and the digital economic environment were both significant, and the promotion effect of the digital economic environment was the strongest. Among the four control variables, the urbanization level had the greatest effect on the growth of farmers’ income, the development level of regional economic and rural human capital had also significantly promoted the growth of farmers’ income. It is suggested to deepen the implementation of digital rural construction, increase talent training efforts, improve supporting policies, and promote the deep integration of digital economy and rural economy.

Key words: digital economy, farmers’ income, heterogeneity, digital divide

中图分类号:

杨沛文. 数字经济发展对农民收入的影响——基于2013—2023年面板数据分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(3): 600-608.

YANG Peiwen. Effect of digital economy development on farmers’ income: based on panel data analysis from 2013 to 2023[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 600-608.

图/表 6

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一级指标 First-level indicator	二级指标 Second-level indicator	三级指标 Third-level indicator
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	数字经济基础设施水平 Infrastructure level of digital economy	互联网宽带接入用户数/10⁴Internet broadband access subscribers/10⁴
		互联网宽带接入端口数/10⁴Internet broadband access ports/10⁴
		每百人移动电话普及率Mobile phone penetration rate per 100 people
		移动电话交换机容量/10⁴ Mobile telephone exchange capacity/10⁴
		光缆线路长度/km Length of optical cable lines/km
		软件业务收入/(10⁴元)Software business revenue/(10⁴ yuan)
	数字经济应用水平 Application level of digital economy	企业拥有网站数Number of enterprises with websites
		有电子商务交易活动的企业数Number of enterprises with e-commerce transactions
		电子商务销售额/(10⁸元)E-commerce sales/(10⁸ yuan)
		电子商务采购额/(10⁸元)E-commerce procurement/(10⁸ yuan)
		快递量/10⁴Express delivery volume/10⁴
	数字经济环境水平 Environment level of digital economy	普通高等学校数量Number of general colleges and universities
		规模以上工业企业R&D人员数
		R&D personnel in industrial enterprises above designated size
		规模以上工业企业R&D经费/(10⁴元) R&D expenditure in industrial enterprises above designated size/(10⁴ yuan)
		规模以上工业企业R&D项目数 Number of R&D projects in industrial enterprises above designated size
		规模以上工业企业专利申请数 Number of patent applications filed by industrial enterprises above designated size
		县域农业农村科技支出/(10⁴元) Science and technology expenditure in agriculture and rural areas at the county level/(10⁴ yuan)
		涉农数字经济专利授权数Agriculture-related digital economy patents granted

一级指标 First-level indicator	二级指标 Second-level indicator	三级指标 Third-level indicator
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	数字经济基础设施水平 Infrastructure level of digital economy	互联网宽带接入用户数/10⁴Internet broadband access subscribers/10⁴
		互联网宽带接入端口数/10⁴Internet broadband access ports/10⁴
		每百人移动电话普及率Mobile phone penetration rate per 100 people
		移动电话交换机容量/10⁴ Mobile telephone exchange capacity/10⁴
		光缆线路长度/km Length of optical cable lines/km
		软件业务收入/(10⁴元)Software business revenue/(10⁴ yuan)
	数字经济应用水平 Application level of digital economy	企业拥有网站数Number of enterprises with websites
		有电子商务交易活动的企业数Number of enterprises with e-commerce transactions
		电子商务销售额/(10⁸元)E-commerce sales/(10⁸ yuan)
		电子商务采购额/(10⁸元)E-commerce procurement/(10⁸ yuan)
		快递量/10⁴Express delivery volume/10⁴
	数字经济环境水平 Environment level of digital economy	普通高等学校数量Number of general colleges and universities
		规模以上工业企业R&D人员数
		R&D personnel in industrial enterprises above designated size
		规模以上工业企业R&D经费/(10⁴元) R&D expenditure in industrial enterprises above designated size/(10⁴ yuan)
		规模以上工业企业R&D项目数 Number of R&D projects in industrial enterprises above designated size
		规模以上工业企业专利申请数 Number of patent applications filed by industrial enterprises above designated size
		县域农业农村科技支出/(10⁴元) Science and technology expenditure in agriculture and rural areas at the county level/(10⁴ yuan)
		涉农数字经济专利授权数Agriculture-related digital economy patents granted

变量 Variable	样本量 Sample size	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	319	0.535 0	0.198 0	0.037 0	0.956 0
农民收入Farmers’ income	319	9.589 0	0.394 0	8.629 0	10.669 0
地区经济发展水平 Development level of regional economy	319	65 476.970 0	32 934.010 0	22 089.000 0	200 278.000 0
城镇化水平Urbanization level	319	0.620 0	0.115 0	0.379 0	0.896 0
农村人力资本Rural human capital	319	7.878 0	0.650 0	5.878 0	10.319 0
政府助农财政支持 Government financial support for agricultural assistance	330	0.114 0	0.035 0	0.039 0	0.204 0

变量 Variable	样本量 Sample size	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	319	0.535 0	0.198 0	0.037 0	0.956 0
农民收入Farmers’ income	319	9.589 0	0.394 0	8.629 0	10.669 0
地区经济发展水平 Development level of regional economy	319	65 476.970 0	32 934.010 0	22 089.000 0	200 278.000 0
城镇化水平Urbanization level	319	0.620 0	0.115 0	0.379 0	0.896 0
农村人力资本Rural human capital	319	7.878 0	0.650 0	5.878 0	10.319 0
政府助农财政支持 Government financial support for agricultural assistance	330	0.114 0	0.035 0	0.039 0	0.204 0

省(自治区、直辖市) Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities)	不同年份的数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy in different years
	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
北京Beijing	0.743 0	0.732 5	0.730 6	0.698 5	0.700 2	0.704 3	0.707 6	0.715 4	0.708 2	0.724 2	0.706 1
天津Tianjin	0.488 9	0.478 9	0.467 2	0.452 6	0.441 3	0.423 8	0.439 9	0.461 3	0.436 8	0.455 3	0.452 3
河北Hebei	0.619 2	0.625 3	0.607 7	0.627 0	0.651 6	0.614 8	0.604 2	0.602 6	0.597 2	0.572 9	0.571 6
山西Shanxi	0.465 6	0.459 6	0.437 8	0.425 6	0.438 4	0.435 9	0.430 7	0.440 7	0.451 5	0.437 3	0.434 4
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.413 8	0.400 3	0.416 0	0.409 1	0.413 8	0.385 4	0.373 9	0.389 7	0.413 0	0.386 6	0.367 2
辽宁Liaoning	0.646 6	0.634 5	0.626 7	0.583 5	0.579 7	0.568 0	0.561 7	0.564 0	0.542 1	0.539 6	0.535 2
吉林Jilin	0.389 8	0.404 5	0.384 7	0.367 7	0.367 5	0.355 3	0.329 2	0.343 8	0.336 5	0.316 3	0.354 0
黑龙江Heilongjiang	0.450 5	0.451 5	0.409 9	0.395 9	0.410 7	0.353 0	0.347 6	0.369 6	0.362 4	0.354 2	0.356 2
上海Shanghai	0.708 4	0.710 3	0.688 8	0.678 0	0.677 7	0.677 4	0.691 5	0.712 2	0.714 1	0.732 0	0.730 4
江苏Jiangsu	0.884 0	0.885 1	0.873 0	0.869 5	0.878 6	0.863 9	0.866 9	0.855 0	0.826 0	0.825 1	0.827 1
浙江Zhejiang	0.845 0	0.836 0	0.836 7	0.831 4	0.838 2	0.822 8	0.832 7	0.813 2	0.799 6	0.788 0	0.791 5
安徽Anhui	0.590 2	0.611 1	0.617 9	0.625 9	0.640 9	0.615 8	0.622 0	0.626 5	0.607 1	0.587 6	0.591 4
福建Fujian	0.683 3	0.669 0	0.654 8	0.640 1	0.644 6	0.624 9	0.637 5	0.622 8	0.604 2	0.582 9	0.580 6
江西Jiangxi	0.448 9	0.459 7	0.474 5	0.472 3	0.522 2	0.512 2	0.519 5	0.524 1	0.511 3	0.482 3	0.488 3
山东Shandong	0.785 0	0.789 4	0.787 6	0.812 7	0.821 6	0.791 3	0.765 0	0.768 4	0.755 9	0.753 7	0.766 1
河南Henan	0.643 7	0.667 3	0.664 8	0.674 9	0.675 6	0.647 0	0.644 2	0.636 4	0.627 0	0.605 5	0.618 0
湖北Hubei	0.629 7	0.640 6	0.627 4	0.634 0	0.637 6	0.611 4	0.622 2	0.616 0	0.594 6	0.590 2	0.598 5
湖南Hunan	0.590 8	0.604 0	0.581 7	0.586 1	0.612 8	0.601 9	0.600 3	0.613 0	0.595 9	0.583 2	0.603 1
广东Guangdong	0.955 8	0.944 6	0.938 5	0.945 8	0.953 0	0.947 2	0.947 1	0.919 1	0.904 1	0.898 3	0.890 4
广西Guangxi	0.418 8	0.437 1	0.417 0	0.412 3	0.442 3	0.447 8	0.462 6	0.476 7	0.473 7	0.472 1	0.479 2
重庆Chongqing	0.490 7	0.514 0	0.522 3	0.532 7	0.543 8	0.540 4	0.534 6	0.536 4	0.524 2	0.542 8	0.552 7
四川Sichuan	0.631 5	0.655 6	0.655 6	0.667 3	0.687 8	0.678 6	0.691 2	0.688 8	0.671 5	0.659 0	0.650 1
贵州Guizhou	0.387 6	0.391 2	0.398 4	0.415 8	0.419 8	0.422 8	0.414 7	0.405 2	0.400 1	0.408 5	0.410 3
云南Yunnan	0.433 6	0.432 4	0.436 0	0.434 3	0.447 5	0.440 6	0.447 6	0.453 5	0.438 1	0.406 0	0.422 0
陕西Shaanxi	0.525 6	0.530 6	0.521 3	0.526 1	0.538 2	0.533 4	0.533 7	0.529 4	0.528 7	0.517 1	0.521 4
甘肃Gansu	0.309 3	0.315 7	0.322 6	0.304 7	0.336 9	0.320 8	0.305 0	0.303 2	0.299 7	0.292 2	0.297 5
青海Qinghai	0.064 5	0.048 2	0.064 5	0.072 6	0.036 6	0.050 8	0.045 2	0.039 3	0.055 5	0.055 7	0.053 1
宁夏Ningxia	0.159 3	0.156 5	0.130 5	0.128 4	0.156 9	0.178 4	0.146 5	0.142 7	0.140 5	0.145 0	0.156 7
新疆Xinjiang	0.352 1	0.363 2	0.366 8	0.322 0	0.318 6	0.346 4	0.320 8	0.320 0	0.330 7	0.320 2	0.344 8

数字经济发展对农民收入的影响——基于2013—2023年面板数据分析

Effect of digital economy development on farmers’ income: based on panel data analysis from 2013 to 2023

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变量Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	0.431 2^*** (7.253 0)	0.198 0^*** (4.031 8)
数字经济基础设施水平 Infrastructure level of digital economy			0.028 8 (1.063 5)
数字经济应用水平 Application level of digital economy				0.117 3^*** (3.324 7)
数字经济环境水平 Environment level of digital economy					0.227 8^*** (4.437 9)
地区经济发展水平 Development level of regional economy		0^*** (7.151 1)	0^*** (8.008 5)	0^*** (7.186 7)	0^*** (6.889 1)
城镇化水平 Urbanization level		1.166 0^*** (13.712 2)	1.277 8^*** (15.539 8)	1.210 7^*** (14.495 9)	0.982 5^*** (9.410 6)
农村人力资本 Rural human capital		0.013 3^*** (2.677 7)	0.014 2^*** (2.772 9)	0.014 8^*** (2.958 8)	0.013 0^*** (2.614 5)
政府助农财政支持 Government financial support for agricultural assistance		0.096 5 (1.133 7)	0.104 5 (1.193 4)	0.098 2 (1.143 6)	0.143 9^* (1.696 4)
常数项 Constant	9.601 0^*** (366.231 3)	8.343 5^*** (91.269 4)	8.347 0^*** (88.570 4)	0.117 3^*** (3.324 7)	8.507 4^*** (87.713 6)
时间固定效应Fixed effect of time	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
省份固定效应Fixed effect of province	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	319	319	319	319	319
R²	0.997 5	0.998 5	0.998 5	0.998 5	0.998 5

变量 Variable	无控制变量 No control variable	添加控制变量 Add control variable
Digital¹	0.827 5^*** (9.10)	0.100 8^* (1.68)
时间固定效应 Fixed effect of time	是Yes	是Yes
省份固定效应 Fixed effect of province	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	290	290
R²	0.218 3	0.791 0

变量 Variable	东部地区 Eastern region	中部地区 Central region	西部地区 Western region
数字经济发展水平 Development level of digital economy	-0.006 1 (-0.097 3)	0.078 2^* (-1.959 6)	0.084 4^** (-2.319 9)
地区经济发展水平 Development level of regional economy	0^*** (-4.619 9)	0^*** (-2.904 6)	0^*** (-3.562 2)
城镇化水平 Urbanization level	1.035 2^*** (-6.972 6)	1.850 0^*** (-7.810 7)	0.330 6^** (-2.595 3)
农村人力资本 Rural human capital	0.021 1^*** (-2.689 0)	0.002 9 (-0.262 6)	0.017 2^*** (-2.973 7)
政府助农财政支持 Government financial support for agricultural assistance	0.296 6 (-1.217 0)	0.141 1 (-0.698 4)	-0.137 6 (-1.639 9)
常数项 Constant	8.532 6^*** (-50.407 4)	7.881 7^*** (-48.793 2)	8.709 1^*** (-97.315 7)
时间固定效应Fixed effect of time	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
省份固定效应Fixed effect of province	是Yes	是Yes	是Yes
样本量Sample size	110	88	121
R²	0.998 4	0.997 3	0.999 2

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