不同规格日本对虾的肠道细菌群落特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250569

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1187-1197.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250569

不同规格日本对虾的肠道细菌群落特征分析

陈挺¹(), 陆阳阳², 陈和平³, 夏武强¹, 陈琛⁴, 刘巍¹, 郭海朋¹^,²()

¹ 象山(宁波大学)水产种业创新研究院, 浙江象山 315700
² 宁波大学海洋学院, 浙江宁波 315211
³ 宁波大学土木工程与地理环境学院, 浙江宁波 315211
⁴ 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所, 浙江温州 325005

收稿日期:2025-09-04 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:陈挺,研究方向为海洋捕捞与水产养殖管理。E-mail:528279065@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*郭海朋,E-mail:guohaipeng@nbu.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2025SNJF088);象山县科技局农业科技重点项目(2025C1003)

Analysis of gut bacterial community characteristics in Penaeus japonicus with different body sizes

CHEN Ting¹(), LU Yangyang², CHEN Heping³, XIA Wuqiang¹, CHEN Chen⁴, LIU Wei¹, GUO Haipeng¹^,²()

¹ Xiangshan (Ningbo University) Aquatic Breeding Industry Innovation Research Institute, Xiangshan 315700, Zhejiang, China
² School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
³ School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
⁴ Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-09-04 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明不同生长速率日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)肠道细菌群落的差异及其与对虾生长的关系,本研究利用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术对同一养殖条件下3个规格日本对虾[大虾(体长≥9 cm)、中虾(7.5 cm<体长<9 cm)和小虾(体长≤7.5 cm)]的肠道细菌群落特征进行分析。结果表明,大虾和中虾肠道菌群的α多样性指数(如observed species指数、Shannon指数和谱系多样性)低于小虾,但其群落结构更为聚集,群落组内相似性和负/正内聚力比值的绝对值均显著高于小虾,且这些参数与对虾体长、体重呈显著正相关。3个规格日本对虾的肠道菌群主要由γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌门、α-变形菌纲和放线菌门组成,其中γ-变形菌纲的平均相对丰度在70%以上,且在大虾和中虾中的相对丰度高于小虾。差异分析表明,大虾和中虾肠道显著富集了假单胞菌zOTU1(zero-radius operational taxonomic unit)和zOTU77、弯曲杆菌zOTU104和海绵单胞菌zOTU33等类群,而小虾肠道中显著富集了弧菌科的8个zOTU,以及摩根菌zOTU3和假交替单胞菌zOTU17等,这些类群与对虾生长速率显著相关。3个规格日本对虾肠道菌群构建均符合中性模型,但中性过程在大虾和中虾肠道菌群构建中的作用更大,且分布在中性预测范围内的zOTU相对丰度高于小虾,在大虾和中虾肠道中超出中性预测范围的zOTU主要为γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲和放线菌门的细菌。本研究揭示了与对虾生长性能相关的肠道细菌群落特征,可为定向调控对虾生长提供理论依据。

关键词: 日本对虾, 肠道细菌群落, 组成差异, 中性模型, α多样性, 生长速率

Abstract:

To clarify the differences in gut bacterial communities among Penaeus japonicus with different sizes, this study analyzed the gut bacterial community characteristics of three size groups of Penaeus japonicus[large shrimp (body length ≥ 9 cm), medium shrimp (7.5 cm<body length<9 cm), and small shrimp (body length ≤ 7.5 cm)] using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. The results showed that the α-diversity indices of the gut bacterial community in large and medium shrimps were lower than those in small shrimp, but their community structures were more gathered, with significantly higher within-group similarity and absolute values of negative/positive cohesion. These parameters were significantly positively correlated with shrimp’s body length and weight. The gut bacterial community was mainly composed of γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, α-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Among these, the average relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria exceeded 70%, and its abundance in large and medium shrimps was higher than that in small shrimp. The guts of large and medium shrimp were significantly enriched in Pseudomonas zOTU1 (zero-radius operational taxonomic unit), zOTU77, Campylobacter zOTU104, and Spongiibacter zOTU33, while the small shrimp gut was significantly enriched by eight zOTUs from Vibrionaceae and Motilimonas zOTU3, Pseudoalteromonas zOTU17. These taxa were significantly correlated with shrimp growth rate. The construction of the gut bacterial community conformed to the neutral model in all groups, but neutral process played a greater role in the bacterial communities of large and medium shrimps. Moreover, the relative abundance of zOTUs distributed within the neutral prediction range was higher in large and medium shrimp than in small shrimp. The zOTUs beyond the neutral prediction range in large and medium shrimp mainly consisted of γ-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, this study indicates that the gut bacterial community of Penaeus japonicus may be closely related to its growth and provides a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of shrimp growth.

Key words: Penaeus japonicus, gut bacterial community, compositional difference, neutral model, α-diversity, growth rate

中图分类号:

S917.4

陈挺, 陆阳阳, 陈和平, 夏武强, 陈琛, 刘巍, 郭海朋. 不同规格日本对虾的肠道细菌群落特征分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(6): 1187-1197.

CHEN Ting, LU Yangyang, CHEN Heping, XIA Wuqiang, CHEN Chen, LIU Wei, GUO Haipeng. Analysis of gut bacterial community characteristics in Penaeus japonicus with different body sizes[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1187-1197.

图/表 7

图1 同一养殖池中不同规格对虾的体长与体重 a,同一养殖塘中不同规格日本对虾的表型照片;b,不同规格日本对虾的体长;c,不同规格日本对虾的体重。柱上无相同小写字母表示差异显著(p< 0.05)。图a中比例尺长度为1 cm。图中Big、Med和Sma分别表示大虾、中虾和小虾。下同。

Fig.1 Body length and body weight of shrimp with different sizes from the same culture pond a, Phenotypic photographs of Penaeus japonicus with different sizes from the same culture pond; b, Body length of Penaeus japonicus with different sizes; c, Body weight of Penaeus japonicus with different sizes. Bars marked without the same different lowercase letters indicate significant (p<0.05) differences. The scale bar in figure a represents 1 cm. “Big”, “Med”, and “Sma” represent large-sized, medium-sized, and small-sized shrimp, respectively. The same as below.

图2 不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的α多样性指数 *表示p<0.05;**表示p<0.01;****表示p<0.000 1。下同。

Fig.2 Alpha-diversity indices of the intestinal bacterial communities in Penaeus japonicus with different sizes * indicates p<0.05; ** indicates p<0.01; **** indicates p<0.000 1. The same as below.

图3 不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落结构、网络内聚力参数及其与体长体重的相关性 a,不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的主坐标分析;b,不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的组内相似性;c,不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的组间相似性;d,不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的网络内聚力参数;e,α多样性参数、组内相似性和网络内聚力参数与日本对虾体长/体重的相关性。***表示p<0.001。

Fig.3 Gut bacterial community structure and network cohesion parameters of Penaeus japonicus with different sizes, and their correlations with body length and weight a, Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the gut bacterial community; b, Intra-class similarity of the gut bacterial community; c, Inter-class similarity of the gut bacterial community; d, Network cohesion parameters of the gut bacterial community; e, Correlations between α-diversity parameters, intra-class similarity, network cohesion parameters and body length/weight of Penaeus japonicus. *** indicates p<0.001.

表1 不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落的相似性分析(ANOSIM)与置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA,置换次数=999)结果

Table 1 ANOSIM (analysis of similarities) and PERMANOVA (permutational multivariate analysis of variance, permutation=999) analyses of gut bacterial communities in Penaeus japonicus with different sizes

组别 Group	ANOSIM		PERMANOVA
组别 Group	R	p	R²	p
整体Total	0.467	0.001	0.377	0.001
大虾vs.中虾Large-sized shrimp vs. medium-sized shrimp	0.112	0.096	0.116	0.090
大虾vs.小虾Large-sized shrimp vs. small-sized shrimp	0.600	0.001	0.441	0.001
中虾vs.小虾Medium-sized shrimp vs. small-sized shrimp	0.612	0.001	0.373	0.001

图4 不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌群落组成

Fig.4 Gut bacterial community compositions in Penaeus japonicus with different sizes

图5 不同规格日本对虾肠道细菌菌群的差异类群及其与对虾体长和体重的相关性

Fig.5 Differential taxa of the gut bacterial community in Penaeus japonicus with different sizes and their correlation with shrimp body length and body weight

图6 不同规格日本对虾肠道菌群构建的中性过程分析 a,中性模型;b,符合中性模型和偏离中性模型的zOTU相对丰度占比;c,相对丰度超过预期(upper)zOTU的物种注释;d,相对丰度低于预期(below)zOTU的物种注释。

Fig.6 Neutral processes in the gut microbiota assembly of Penaeus japonicus with different sizes a, Neutral model; b, Proportion of zOTU relative abundances conforming to and deviating from the neutral model; c, Taxonomic annotation of zOTUs with abundances exceeding the model expectation (upper); d, Taxonomic annotation of zOTUs with abundances below the model expectation (below).

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不同规格日本对虾的肠道细菌群落特征分析

Analysis of gut bacterial community characteristics in Penaeus japonicus with different body sizes

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