土地确权对农业生产率的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的双重差分研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 455-467.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.23

土地确权对农业生产率的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的双重差分研究

王萍萍()

北京大学国家发展研究院,北京 100871

收稿日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-03-14
作者简介:王萍萍(1989—),女,山东烟台人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为农业经济和数字农业。E-mail:wppprivate@126.com

How does land titling affect agricultural productivity: a differences-in-differences study based on China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data

WANG Pingping()

National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2020-04-15 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地产权的明晰界定对于农业生产率增长具有重要意义,中国新一轮渐进式的土地确权改革为探究两者的关系提供了一个良好的外生自然实验。使用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013年和2015年两轮追踪面板数据,利用村庄间的土地确权进度差异构造多时点双重差分(Staggered DID)模型,检验土地确权对农业生产率的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,土地确权显著提高了农户的农业生产率,在修正样本选择性偏差、处理内生性问题、替换生产率测度指标等一系列稳健性检验后,该结果依然显著成立。进一步分析发现,土地确权对农业生产率的影响在不同土地规模、不同地区和不同生产率水平的农户之间存在异质性,对于土地规模较大、东部地区,以及农业生产率较高的农户,由确权导致的生产率增长效应显著更大。机制检验表明,土地确权的生产率增长效应主要是通过促进农户间土地流转和增加农业生产性投资实现的,而通过提高信贷可获得性促进农业生产率的机制尚未发挥作用。

关键词: 产权, 土地确权, 农业生产率

Abstract:

Clearly defined land property rights are important for agricultural productivity growth, and the new round of progressive land titling reforms in China provides a good exogenous natural experiment to explore the relationship between the two. Based on the two rounds of tracking panel data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2013 and 2015, a continuous difference-in-differences (Staggered DID) model was constructed by utilizing the progress differences of land titling between villages to test the effect of land titling on agricultural productivity and the mechanism of action. It was revealed that the land titling significantly increased agricultural productivity of farm households, and the result was significantly robust after undergoing a series of tests including corrections for sample selection bias, dealing with endogeneity problems, and replacing productivity measurement indexes. Further analysis showed that the effect of land titling on agricultural productivity was heterogeneous across farmers with different land sizes, regions and productivity levels, and for farmers with larger land sizes, higher agricultural productivity, or in the east regions, the productivity growth effect caused by titling was significantly greater. The mechanism test showed that the productivity growth effect of land titling was mainly achieved through promoting land transfer among farmers and increasing productivity-oriented investment in agriculture, while the mechanism of promoting agricultural productivity by increasing credit availability was not effective.

Key words: property rights, land titling, agricultural productivity

中图分类号:

S-9
F325

王萍萍. 土地确权对农业生产率的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的双重差分研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(2): 455-467.

WANG Pingping. How does land titling affect agricultural productivity: a differences-in-differences study based on China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 455-467.

图/表 8

表1 变量描述统计结果

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables

变量符号 Variable symbol	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
E	6.930	1.346
T	0.132	0.222
X₁	0.528	0.152
X₂	3.688	0.295
$X_{2}^{2}$	13.687	2.188
X₃	0.700	0.229
X₄	0.713	0.272
X₅	0.084	0.278
X₆	0.140	0.347

表1 变量描述统计结果

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables

变量符号 Variable symbol	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
E	6.930	1.346
T	0.132	0.222
X₁	0.528	0.152
X₂	3.688	0.295
$X_{2}^{2}$	13.687	2.188
X₃	0.700	0.229
X₄	0.713	0.272
X₅	0.084	0.278
X₆	0.140	0.347

表2 确权户与未确权户的差异比较

Table 2 Comparison of households without land titling and households with land titling

变量 Variable	2013		2015
变量 Variable	未确权户 Household without land titling	确权户 Household with land titling	未确权户 Household without land titling	确权户 Household with land titling
E	6.898	6.844	6.948	7.063
X₁	0.532	0.525	0.528	0.524
X₂	3.670	3.692^**	3.697	3.724^**
X₃	0.699	0.722^**	0.693	0.714^**
X₄	0.726	0.725	0.699	0.703
X₅	0.036	0.036	0.126	0.141
X₆	0.226	0.218	0.061	0.053

表3 基准回归结果

Table 3 Benchmark regression results

指标 Index	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3
T	0.683^*** (0.249)	0.691^*** (0.249)	0.618^*** (0.236)
R²	0.318	0.323	0.692
n	4753	4753	2912

表4 基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)和工具变量的回归估计结果

Table 4 Regression results based on propensity score matching (PSM) and instrumental variables

指标 Index	PSM+DID		模型6 Model 6
指标 Index	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	一阶段 Stage 1	二阶段 Stage 2
T	0.526^** (0.251)	0.526^** (0.252)	—	0.573^** (0.235)
C₁×P	—	—	-4.631^*** (0.206)	—
R²	0.319	0.322	0.010	0.010
一阶段F统计量	—	—	507.592	—
F statistics in stage 1
n	3 683	3 683	4 753	4 753

表5 稳健性检验结果

Table 5 Results of robustness test

指标 Index	模型7 Model 7	模型8 Model 8	模型9 Model 9	模型10 Model 10	模型11 Model 11
T	0.717^*** (0.253)	0.071^*** (0.023)	0.390^** (0.174)	0.390^*** (0.135)	0.679^** (0.265)
R²	0.329	0.106	0.340	0.323	0.328
n	5 359	5 421	5 421	4 753	4 205

图1 安慰剂检验的结果

Fig.1 Result of placebo test

表6 异质性分析结果

Table 6 Heterogeneity analysis results

指标 Index	规模水平Scale		地区Region			生产率水平Agricultural productivity
指标 Index	小规模 Small-scale	大规模 Large-scale	东部 Eastern	中部 Central	西部 Western	q25	q50	q75
T	0.717^** (0.286)	1.529^*** (0.526)	1.391^*** (0.435)	0.394 (0.319)	0.350 (0.494)	0.337 (0.256)	0.383 (0.236)	0.618^** (0.310)
R²	0.319	0.486	0.323	0.270	0.374	0.256	0.259	0.265
n	4 053	622	1 359	2 084	1 309	4 753	4 753	4 753

表7 影响机制检验结果

Table 7 Test results of impact mechanism

指标 Index	机制1 Mechanism 1		机制2 Mechanism 2		机制3 Mechanism 3
指标 Index	R	E	I	E	C_r	E
T	0.196^** (0.078)	0.347^*** (0.053)	0.166^*** (0.057)	0.381^*** (0.050)	-0.002 (0.058)	0.691^*** (0.250)
R	—	0.643^*** (0.248)	—	—	—	—
I	—	—	—	0.712^*** (0.248)	—	—
C_r	—	—	—	—	—	-0.008 (0.055)
R²	0.245	0.333	0.311	0.337	0.323	0.323
n	4 745	4 745	4 753	4 753	4 753	4 753

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土地确权对农业生产率的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的双重差分研究

How does land titling affect agricultural productivity: a differences-in-differences study based on China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data

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