浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2325-2339.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250055
加拿大一枝黄花入侵对温州沿海区域植物群落结构的影响
应碧旷1,2(
), 刘宇2, 魏馨2, 李晶2, 王金旺2,*()
- 1.浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院,浙江 杭州 311300
2.浙江省亚热带作物研究所,浙江 温州 325005
-
收稿日期:2025-01-17出版日期:2025-11-25发布日期:2025-12-08 -
作者简介:应碧旷(1998—),男,浙江台州人,硕士研究生,主要从事林业生态研究。E-mail:18857615869@163.com -
通讯作者:*王金旺,E-mail: kingwwang@163.com -
基金资助:农业农村部政府购买服务项目(13230119)
Impacts of Solidago canadensis invasion on plant community structure in coastal region of Wenzhou, China
YING Bikuang1,2(), LIU Yu2, WEI Xin2, LI Jing2, WANG Jinwang2,*()
- 1. College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
-
Received:2025-01-17Online:2025-11-25Published:2025-12-08
摘要： 加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)是被列入《中国第二批外来入侵物种名单》的植物,于2003年在温州发现有分布。选择沿海典型生境,基于温州市40个样方调查数据,开展加拿大一枝黄花在不同入侵程度与不同生境中对群落结构、物种多样性的影响研究,探讨其入侵特征与机制。结果表明:温州市沿海典型生境中,加拿大一枝黄花入侵的群落包含维管植物13科28属34种,其中,外来入侵植物的物种数占26.5%。随着加拿大一枝黄花入侵程度的增强,群落内的物种数逐渐降低,外来入侵植物的种类占比逐渐增加,且外来入侵植物的重要值之和逐渐增加。在供试样方中,加拿大一枝黄花的重要值与生态位宽度在各类入侵群落中均最高,且其他外来入侵植物的重要值与生态位宽度也多位于各样方前列。加拿大一枝黄花重度入侵群落的多样性指数显著(p<0.05)低于轻、中度入侵群落。加拿大一枝黄花的相对多度与其他外来入侵植物、本土植物呈负相关关系,且其相关性随入侵程度的增强而增强。生态位重叠指数分析进一步明确,在中、重度入侵群落中,加拿大一枝黄花与其他外来入侵植物、本土植物之间逐渐增强的竞争关系是导致以上结果的重要原因。在各地类中,园地与交通用地有利于外来入侵植物扩散,而耕地有利于防止外来植物入侵。
中图分类号:
引用本文
应碧旷, 刘宇, 魏馨, 李晶, 王金旺. 加拿大一枝黄花入侵对温州沿海区域植物群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2325-2339.
YING Bikuang, LIU Yu, WEI Xin, LI Jing, WANG Jinwang. Impacts of Solidago canadensis invasion on plant community structure in coastal region of Wenzhou, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2325-2339.
表1 调查地植物名录
Table 1 List of plants in survey site
| 科名 Family | 种名 Species | 科名 Family | 种名 Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| 桑科Moraceae | 葎草Humulus scandens | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis |
| 蓼科Polygonaceae | 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | |
| 苋科Amaranthaceae | 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides◆ | 葡萄科Vitaceae | 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 禾本科Poaceae | 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 硕苞蔷薇Rosa bracteata | 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | |
| 豆科Fabaceae | 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | |
| 酢浆草科Oxalidaceae | 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata◆ | 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis◆ | 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum◆ | 假稻Leersia japonica | ||
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | ||
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | 铺地黍Panicum repens◆ | ||
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | ||
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba◆ | 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | ||
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa◆ | 结缕草Zoysia japonica | ||
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis◆ | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis◆ | 爵床科Acanthaceae | 爵床Justicia procumbens | |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens |
表1 调查地植物名录
Table 1 List of plants in survey site
| 科名 Family | 种名 Species | 科名 Family | 种名 Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| 桑科Moraceae | 葎草Humulus scandens | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis |
| 蓼科Polygonaceae | 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | |
| 苋科Amaranthaceae | 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides◆ | 葡萄科Vitaceae | 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 禾本科Poaceae | 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 硕苞蔷薇Rosa bracteata | 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | |
| 豆科Fabaceae | 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | |
| 酢浆草科Oxalidaceae | 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata◆ | 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis◆ | 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum◆ | 假稻Leersia japonica | ||
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | ||
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | 铺地黍Panicum repens◆ | ||
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | ||
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba◆ | 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | ||
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa◆ | 结缕草Zoysia japonica | ||
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis◆ | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis◆ | 爵床科Acanthaceae | 爵床Justicia procumbens | |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens |
表2 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花入侵群落的物种组成
Table 2 Species composition of invaded communities by Solidago canadensis in different habitats
| 生境类型 Habitat type | 入侵强度 Invasion intensity | 样方数量 Number of quadrats | 科数量 Number of family | 属数量 Number of genus | 植物物种数 Number of plant species | 入侵植物种数 Number of invasive plant species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 城镇用地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 2 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 3 |
| Urban land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 5 | 3 | 13 | 13 | 5 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | |
| 交通用地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Transportation land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| 耕地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 3 | 6 | 13 | 14 | 6 |
| Cultivated land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 2 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 5 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 5 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 5 | |
| 园地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Garden land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 2 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 4 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 7 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
表2 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花入侵群落的物种组成
Table 2 Species composition of invaded communities by Solidago canadensis in different habitats
| 生境类型 Habitat type | 入侵强度 Invasion intensity | 样方数量 Number of quadrats | 科数量 Number of family | 属数量 Number of genus | 植物物种数 Number of plant species | 入侵植物种数 Number of invasive plant species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 城镇用地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 2 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 3 |
| Urban land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 5 | 3 | 13 | 13 | 5 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | |
| 交通用地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Transportation land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| 耕地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 3 | 6 | 13 | 14 | 6 |
| Cultivated land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 2 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 5 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 5 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 5 | |
| 园地 | 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Garden land | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 2 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 4 |
| 重度入侵Severe invasion | 7 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
表3 不同入侵程度下植物群落的物种重要值(Ⅳ)
Table 3 Importance values (Ⅳ) of species in plant communities under different invasion intensities
| 物种 Species | 不同入侵强度下物种的重要值Importance values of species under invasion intensities | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 重度入侵Severe invasion | |
| 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis | 15.09 | 22.87 | 50.52 |
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis | 11.31 | 6.87 | 3.32 |
| 铺地黍Panicum repens | 5.31 | — | — |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 4.90 | 3.32 | 9.15 |
| 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | 3.28 | — | — |
| 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides | 2.31 | 20.51 | 4.15 |
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 1.69 | 1.20 | — |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis | 1.39 | 1.65 | 2.91 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 0.70 | 7.42 | 2.03 |
| 入侵植物总和Sum of invasive plants | 45.98 | 63.84 | 72.08 |
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | 12.98 | 2.03 | — |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 12.10 | 4.70 | 7.89 |
| 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | 8.39 | 1.36 | — |
| 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | 3.19 | 2.18 | — |
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | 2.12 | — | 2.29 |
| 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica | 1.54 | — | — |
| 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | 1.51 | 3.00 | 3.96 |
| 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | 1.37 | — | — |
| 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | 1.26 | 1.62 | — |
| 假稻Leersia japonica | 1.24 | 4.32 | — |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 1.18 | — | 2.50 |
| 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | 1.15 | — | 3.68 |
| 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | 0.82 | 6.46 | 4.30 |
| 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | 0.79 | 2.76 | — |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 0.79 | 1.31 | 1.58 |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | 0.67 | — | — |
| 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | 0.60 | — | — |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 0.60 | — | — |
| 葎草Humulus scandens | 0.53 | — | — |
| 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 0.60 | — | — |
| 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens | 0.57 | — | — |
| 结缕草Zoysia japonica | — | 3.19 | — |
| 爵床Justicia procumbens | — | 1.93 | — |
| 硕包蔷薇Rosa bracteata | — | — | 1.73 |
| 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | — | 1.26 | — |
| 本土植物总和Sum of native plants | 54.00 | 36.12 | 27.93 |
表3 不同入侵程度下植物群落的物种重要值(Ⅳ)
Table 3 Importance values (Ⅳ) of species in plant communities under different invasion intensities
| 物种 Species | 不同入侵强度下物种的重要值Importance values of species under invasion intensities | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 轻度入侵Slight invasion | 中度入侵Moderate invasion | 重度入侵Severe invasion | |
| 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis | 15.09 | 22.87 | 50.52 |
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis | 11.31 | 6.87 | 3.32 |
| 铺地黍Panicum repens | 5.31 | — | — |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 4.90 | 3.32 | 9.15 |
| 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | 3.28 | — | — |
| 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides | 2.31 | 20.51 | 4.15 |
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 1.69 | 1.20 | — |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis | 1.39 | 1.65 | 2.91 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 0.70 | 7.42 | 2.03 |
| 入侵植物总和Sum of invasive plants | 45.98 | 63.84 | 72.08 |
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | 12.98 | 2.03 | — |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 12.10 | 4.70 | 7.89 |
| 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | 8.39 | 1.36 | — |
| 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | 3.19 | 2.18 | — |
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | 2.12 | — | 2.29 |
| 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica | 1.54 | — | — |
| 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | 1.51 | 3.00 | 3.96 |
| 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | 1.37 | — | — |
| 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | 1.26 | 1.62 | — |
| 假稻Leersia japonica | 1.24 | 4.32 | — |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 1.18 | — | 2.50 |
| 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | 1.15 | — | 3.68 |
| 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | 0.82 | 6.46 | 4.30 |
| 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | 0.79 | 2.76 | — |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 0.79 | 1.31 | 1.58 |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | 0.67 | — | — |
| 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | 0.60 | — | — |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 0.60 | — | — |
| 葎草Humulus scandens | 0.53 | — | — |
| 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 0.60 | — | — |
| 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens | 0.57 | — | — |
| 结缕草Zoysia japonica | — | 3.19 | — |
| 爵床Justicia procumbens | — | 1.93 | — |
| 硕包蔷薇Rosa bracteata | — | — | 1.73 |
| 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | — | 1.26 | — |
| 本土植物总和Sum of native plants | 54.00 | 36.12 | 27.93 |
表4 不同生境下植物群落物种的重要值
Table 4 Importance values of species in plant communities under different habitats
| 物种 Species | 不同生境下物种的重要值Importance values of species under habitat types | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 Cultivated land | 城镇用地 Urban land | 交通用地 Transportation land | 园地 Garden land | |
| 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis | 20.44 | 27.79 | 43.20 | 54.83 |
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis | 3.38 | 24.20 | — | — |
| 铺地黍Panicum repens | — | — | — | 4.60 |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 2.57 | — | — | 6.57 |
| 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | — | — | 2.10 | — |
| 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides | 8.38 | 1.03 | 22.64 | 6.68 |
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 0.95 | — | — | — |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis | — | 0.86 | — | 5.84 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 1.19 | 5.13 | — | — |
| 入侵植物总和Sum of invasive plants | 36.91 | 59.01 | 67.94 | 78.52 |
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | — | 2.95 | 18.22 | — |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 5.45 | 5.92 | — | 18.82 |
| 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | 12.44 | — | — | — |
| 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | 2.52 | — | — | — |
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | — | 2.63 | — | — |
| 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica | — | 3.54 | 9.27 | — |
| 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | 7.74 | 2.70 | — | — |
| 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | — | 3.46 | — | — |
| 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | — | 3.24 | — | — |
| 假稻Leersia japonica | 13.06 | — | — | — |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 5.24 | — | — | 2.66 |
| 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | 3.57 | — | — | — |
| 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | 3.56 | — | — | — |
| 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | — | 4.44 | — | — |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 2.59 | — | — | — |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | — | 5.55 | — | — |
| 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | 0.69 | — | — | — |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 3.41 | — | — | — |
| 葎草Humulus scandens | — | — | 1.94 | — |
| 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 0.61 | — | — | — |
| 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens | 0.92 | — | — | — |
| 结缕草Zoysia japonica | — | 4.38 | — | — |
| 爵床Justicia procumbens | 1.26 | — | — | — |
| 硕包蔷薇Rosa bracteata | — | — | 2.64 | — |
| 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | — | 2.16 | — | — |
| 本土植物总和Sum of native plants | 63.06 | 40.97 | 32.07 | 21.48 |
表4 不同生境下植物群落物种的重要值
Table 4 Importance values of species in plant communities under different habitats
| 物种 Species | 不同生境下物种的重要值Importance values of species under habitat types | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 Cultivated land | 城镇用地 Urban land | 交通用地 Transportation land | 园地 Garden land | |
| 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis | 20.44 | 27.79 | 43.20 | 54.83 |
| 小蓬草Erigeron canadensis | 3.38 | 24.20 | — | — |
| 铺地黍Panicum repens | — | — | — | 4.60 |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 2.57 | — | — | 6.57 |
| 红花酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | — | — | 2.10 | — |
| 喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides | 8.38 | 1.03 | 22.64 | 6.68 |
| 鬼针草Bidens pilosa | 0.95 | — | — | — |
| 香丝草Erigeron bonariensis | — | 0.86 | — | 5.84 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 1.19 | 5.13 | — | — |
| 入侵植物总和Sum of invasive plants | 36.91 | 59.01 | 67.94 | 78.52 |
| 野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia | — | 2.95 | 18.22 | — |
| 翅果菊Lactuca indica | 5.45 | 5.92 | — | 18.82 |
| 光头稗Echinochloa colonum | 12.44 | — | — | — |
| 荩草Arthraxon hispidus | 2.52 | — | — | — |
| 矮蒿Artemisia lancea | — | 2.63 | — | — |
| 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica | — | 3.54 | 9.27 | — |
| 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum | 7.74 | 2.70 | — | — |
| 大白茅Imperata cylindrica var. major | — | 3.46 | — | — |
| 大狗尾草Setaria faberi | — | 3.24 | — | — |
| 假稻Leersia japonica | 13.06 | — | — | — |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 5.24 | — | — | 2.66 |
| 金色狗尾草Setaria pumlia | 3.57 | — | — | — |
| 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris | 3.56 | — | — | — |
| 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata | — | 4.44 | — | — |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 2.59 | — | — | — |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | — | 5.55 | — | — |
| 水蜈蚣Kyllinga brevifolia | 0.69 | — | — | — |
| 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis | 3.41 | — | — | — |
| 葎草Humulus scandens | — | — | 1.94 | — |
| 长鬃蓼Polygonum longisetum | 0.61 | — | — | — |
| 鸡矢藤Paederia scandens | 0.92 | — | — | — |
| 结缕草Zoysia japonica | — | 4.38 | — | — |
| 爵床Justicia procumbens | 1.26 | — | — | — |
| 硕包蔷薇Rosa bracteata | — | — | 2.64 | — |
| 红尾翎Digitaria radicosa | — | 2.16 | — | — |
| 本土植物总和Sum of native plants | 63.06 | 40.97 | 32.07 | 21.48 |
图1 加拿大一枝黄花群落的多样性指数 柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.1 Diversity index of Solidago canadensis communities Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05.
图1 加拿大一枝黄花群落的多样性指数 柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.1 Diversity index of Solidago canadensis communities Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05.
图2 不同入侵程度下加拿大一枝黄花与其他入侵植物(上行)、本土植物(下行)相对多度的相关性 Aph,喜旱莲子草;Ase,莲子草;Rbr硕苞蔷薇;Kst鸡眼草;Oco,红花酢浆草;Sca,加拿大一枝黄花;Ssu,钻叶紫菀;Epr,鳢肠;Ala,野艾蒿;Bal,白花鬼针草;Bpi,鬼针草;Eca,小蓬草;Ebo,香丝草;Lin,翅果菊;Aau,铁苋菜;Pur,叶下珠;Cja,乌蔹莓;Ahi,荩草;Dci,升马唐;Dra,红尾翎;Eco,光头稗;Lja,假稻;Pbi,糠稷;Pre,铺地黍;Spu,金色狗尾草;Zja,结缕草;Kbr,水蜈蚣;Jpr,爵床;Psc,鸡矢藤。标“*”和“**”的分别表示显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.05)相关。下同。
Fig.2 Correlation of relative abundance of Solidago canadensis with other invasive (upper row) and native species (lower row) under different invasion intensities Aph, Alternanthera philoxeroides; Ase, Alternanthera sessilis; Rbr, Rosa bracteata; Kst, Kummerowia striata; Oco, Oxalis corniculata; Sca, Solidago canadensis; Ssu, Symphyotrichum subulatum; Epr, Eclipta prostrata; Ala, Artemisia lavandulaefolia; Bal, Bidens alba; Bpi, Bidens pilosa; Eca, Erigeron canadensis; Ebo, Erigeron bonariensis; Lin, Lactuca indica; Aau, Acalypha australis; Pur, Phyllanthus urinaria; Cja, Causonis japonica; Ahi, Arthraxon hispidus; Dci, Digitaria ciliaris; Dra, Digitaria radicosa; Eco, Echinochloa colonum; Lja, Leersia japonica; Pbi, Panicum bisulcatum; Pre, Panicum repens; Spu, Setaria pumila; Zja, Zoysia japonica; Kbr, Kyllinga brevifolia; Jpr, Justicia procumbens; Psc, Paederia scandens. “*” and “**” indicate significant correlation at p<0.05 and p<0.01 level, respectively.The same as below.
图2 不同入侵程度下加拿大一枝黄花与其他入侵植物(上行)、本土植物(下行)相对多度的相关性 Aph,喜旱莲子草;Ase,莲子草;Rbr硕苞蔷薇;Kst鸡眼草;Oco,红花酢浆草;Sca,加拿大一枝黄花;Ssu,钻叶紫菀;Epr,鳢肠;Ala,野艾蒿;Bal,白花鬼针草;Bpi,鬼针草;Eca,小蓬草;Ebo,香丝草;Lin,翅果菊;Aau,铁苋菜;Pur,叶下珠;Cja,乌蔹莓;Ahi,荩草;Dci,升马唐;Dra,红尾翎;Eco,光头稗;Lja,假稻;Pbi,糠稷;Pre,铺地黍;Spu,金色狗尾草;Zja,结缕草;Kbr,水蜈蚣;Jpr,爵床;Psc,鸡矢藤。标“*”和“**”的分别表示显著(p<0.05)和极显著(p<0.05)相关。下同。
Fig.2 Correlation of relative abundance of Solidago canadensis with other invasive (upper row) and native species (lower row) under different invasion intensities Aph, Alternanthera philoxeroides; Ase, Alternanthera sessilis; Rbr, Rosa bracteata; Kst, Kummerowia striata; Oco, Oxalis corniculata; Sca, Solidago canadensis; Ssu, Symphyotrichum subulatum; Epr, Eclipta prostrata; Ala, Artemisia lavandulaefolia; Bal, Bidens alba; Bpi, Bidens pilosa; Eca, Erigeron canadensis; Ebo, Erigeron bonariensis; Lin, Lactuca indica; Aau, Acalypha australis; Pur, Phyllanthus urinaria; Cja, Causonis japonica; Ahi, Arthraxon hispidus; Dci, Digitaria ciliaris; Dra, Digitaria radicosa; Eco, Echinochloa colonum; Lja, Leersia japonica; Pbi, Panicum bisulcatum; Pre, Panicum repens; Spu, Setaria pumila; Zja, Zoysia japonica; Kbr, Kyllinga brevifolia; Jpr, Justicia procumbens; Psc, Paederia scandens. “*” and “**” indicate significant correlation at p<0.05 and p<0.01 level, respectively.The same as below.
图3 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花与其他外来入侵植物(上行)、乡土植物(下行)相对多度的相关性 Hsc,葎草;Sfa,大狗尾草。
Fig.3 Correlation of relative abundance of Solidago canadensis with other invasive (upper row) and native species (lower row) under different habitat types Hsc, Humulus scandens; Sfa, Setaria faberi.
图3 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花与其他外来入侵植物(上行)、乡土植物(下行)相对多度的相关性 Hsc,葎草;Sfa,大狗尾草。
Fig.3 Correlation of relative abundance of Solidago canadensis with other invasive (upper row) and native species (lower row) under different habitat types Hsc, Humulus scandens; Sfa, Setaria faberi.
图4 不同入侵程度下加拿大一枝黄花生态位宽度变化
Fig.4 Changes in niche width of Solidago canadensis under different invasion intensities
图4 不同入侵程度下加拿大一枝黄花生态位宽度变化
Fig.4 Changes in niche width of Solidago canadensis under different invasion intensities
表5 不同入侵强度下加拿大一枝黄花与其他植物的生态位重叠指数
Table 5 Niche overlap index between Solidago canadensis and other plants under different invasion intensities
| 物种 species | 不同入侵强度下的生态位重叠指数 Niche overlap index under invasion intensities | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 轻度入侵 Slight invasion | 中度入侵 Moderate invasion | 重度入侵 Severe invasion | |
| Eca | 0.45 | 0.68 | — |
| Lin | 0.61 | — | 0.81 |
| Eco | 0.53 | — | — |
| Ala | 0.55 | — | — |
| Aph | — | 0.63 | — |
| Dci | — | 0.41 | — |
| Ssu | — | 0.36 | — |
| Bal | — | — | 0.83 |
表5 不同入侵强度下加拿大一枝黄花与其他植物的生态位重叠指数
Table 5 Niche overlap index between Solidago canadensis and other plants under different invasion intensities
| 物种 species | 不同入侵强度下的生态位重叠指数 Niche overlap index under invasion intensities | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 轻度入侵 Slight invasion | 中度入侵 Moderate invasion | 重度入侵 Severe invasion | |
| Eca | 0.45 | 0.68 | — |
| Lin | 0.61 | — | 0.81 |
| Eco | 0.53 | — | — |
| Ala | 0.55 | — | — |
| Aph | — | 0.63 | — |
| Dci | — | 0.41 | — |
| Ssu | — | 0.36 | — |
| Bal | — | — | 0.83 |
图5 不同生境中加拿大一枝黄花生态位宽度变化
Fig.5 Changes in niche width of S. canadensis in different habitats
图5 不同生境中加拿大一枝黄花生态位宽度变化
Fig.5 Changes in niche width of S. canadensis in different habitats
表6 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花与其他植物的生态位重叠指数
Table 6 Niche overlap index between Solidago canadensis and other plants under different habitats
| 物种 Species | 不同生境的生态位重叠指数Niche overlap index under different habitat types | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 Cultivated land | 交通用地 Transportation land | 园地 Garden land | 城镇用地 Urban land | |
| Pbi | 0.22 | — | — | — |
| Eca | 0.36 | — | — | 0.27 |
| Aph | 0.35 | 0.85 | 0.84 | — |
| Lin | 0.47 | — | 0.87 | 0.54 |
| Lja | 0.37 | — | — | — |
| Aau | 0.22 | 0.66 | — | — |
| Ebo | — | — | 0.91 | — |
| Bal | — | — | 0.58 | — |
| Pur | — | — | — | 0.61 |
| Ssu | — | — | — | 0.38 |
| Cja | — | 0.77 | — | — |
表6 不同生境加拿大一枝黄花与其他植物的生态位重叠指数
Table 6 Niche overlap index between Solidago canadensis and other plants under different habitats
| 物种 Species | 不同生境的生态位重叠指数Niche overlap index under different habitat types | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耕地 Cultivated land | 交通用地 Transportation land | 园地 Garden land | 城镇用地 Urban land | |
| Pbi | 0.22 | — | — | — |
| Eca | 0.36 | — | — | 0.27 |
| Aph | 0.35 | 0.85 | 0.84 | — |
| Lin | 0.47 | — | 0.87 | 0.54 |
| Lja | 0.37 | — | — | — |
| Aau | 0.22 | 0.66 | — | — |
| Ebo | — | — | 0.91 | — |
| Bal | — | — | 0.58 | — |
| Pur | — | — | — | 0.61 |
| Ssu | — | — | — | 0.38 |
| Cja | — | 0.77 | — | — |
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