基于分布式控制的连栋温室多能互补节能系统构建

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250562

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1008-1023.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250562

基于分布式控制的连栋温室多能互补节能系统构建

罗冬¹(), 宋大平¹, 康大磊², 刘继凯², 王冰雪³, 左强¹^,^*()

¹ 北京市农林科学院, 北京 100097
² 北京众博熙泰农业科技有限公司, 北京 102200
³ 北京南郊农业生产经营管理有限公司, 北京 100163

收稿日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:罗冬,研究方向为电力工程及其自动化。E-mail:dongluo1972@163.com
通讯作者: *左强,E-mail:ZQ18189@163.com
基金资助:
北京市乡村振兴农业科技项目(NY2502220025);北京市农林科学院科普项目(KPXM202501)

Construction of a multi-energy complementary energy-saving system for multi-span greenhouses based on distributed control

LUO Dong¹(), SONG Daping¹, KANG Dalei², LIU Jikai², WANG Bingxue³, ZUO Qiang¹^,^*()

¹ Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
² Beijing Zhongboxitai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
³ Beijing Nanjiao Agricultural Production and Management Co., Ltd., Beijing 100163, China

Received:2025-09-03 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对北方地区连栋温室能耗高、多能协同调控响应滞后、能源供给与作物生长需求匹配度低等问题,以北京某11 000 m²文洛式连栋温室为研究对象,构建基于“云-边-端”分布式架构的光伏-水源热泵-相变储能墙体多能互补节能系统,通过农业场景定制化控制算法、能源-环境-作物耦合模型与动态协同调度策略,实现能源生产、存储、消费与作物生长需求的精准匹配。2024年全年实测结果表明:系统多能协同响应时间不超过15 s,较传统集中式控制缩短87.5%;年节电量32.45×10⁴ kW·h,综合节能率31.9%;光伏子系统年发电量147.84×10⁴ kW·h,满足温室97.3%的用电需求,光合有效辐射(PAR)透过率大于85%,番茄单季产量78.5 t·hm^-2,叶用莴苣单季产量32.8 t·hm^-2,与传统种植模式无显著差异。水源热泵的平均制热性能系数(COP)为4.2、制冷能效比(EER)为5.0,相变储能墙体降低空调负荷10.2%,系统年碳减排约1 415 t CO₂。本研究形成可复制、可推广的连栋温室节能低碳技术方案,核心创新为农业场景定制化分布式控制优化与多能系统-作物生长需求协同耦合机制,可为设施农业绿色低碳转型提供理论支撑与技术范式。

关键词: 分布式控制, 连栋温室, 多能互补, 光伏发电, 水源热泵, 相变储能, 节能降碳

Abstract:

To address the challenges of high energy consumption, delayed response in multi-energy coordinated control, and poor alignment between energy supply and crop growth demand in multi-span greenhouses in northern China, this study takes an 11 000 m² Venlo-type multi-span greenhouse in Beijing as the research object. An integrated multi-energy complementary energy-saving system (IMCES) based on a photovoltaic-water source heat pump-phase change energy storage wall configuration and a “cloud-edge-device” distributed architecture are constructed. Through customized control algorithms for agricultural scenarios, an energy-environment-crop coupling model, and dynamic coordinated scheduling strategies, precise matching among energy production, storage, consumption, and crop growth demand is achieved. Full-year measurement results in 2024 show that the multi-energy coordinated response time of the system does not exceed 15 s, which is 87.5% shorter than that of traditional centralized control. Annual electricity savings amount to 32.45×10⁴ kW·h, with a comprehensive energy saving rate of 31.9%. The photovoltaic subsystem generates 147.84×10⁴ kW·h annually, meeting 97.3% of the greenhouse’s electricity demand, and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance exceeds 85%. The single-season yields of tomato and lettuce were 78.5 t·hm^-2 and 32.8 t·hm^-2, respectively, showing no significant difference from those under traditional planting modes. The average coefficient of performance (COP) for heating and energy efficiency ratio (EER) for cooling of the water source heat pump were 4.2 and 5.0, respectively. The phase change energy storage wall reduces air conditioning load by 10.2%. The system reduces carbon emissions by approximately 1 415 t CO₂ annually. This study provides a replicable and scalable low-carbon and energy-saving technical solution for multi-span greenhouses. The core innovations include the customized distributed control optimization for agricultural scenarios and the coupling mechanism between the multi-energy system and crop growth demand, offering theoretical support and a technical paradigm for the green and low-carbon transformation of facility agriculture.

Key words: distributed control, multi-span greenhouse, multi-energy complementarity, photovoltaic power generation, water source heat pump, phase change energy storage, energy saving and carbon reduction

中图分类号:

S625
TK01

罗冬, 宋大平, 康大磊, 刘继凯, 王冰雪, 左强. 基于分布式控制的连栋温室多能互补节能系统构建[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 1008-1023.

LUO Dong, SONG Daping, KANG Dalei, LIU Jikai, WANG Bingxue, ZUO Qiang. Construction of a multi-energy complementary energy-saving system for multi-span greenhouses based on distributed control[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 1008-1023.

图/表 10

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参数类别 Parameter category	参数名称 Parameter name	取值/型号 Value/model	应用场景 Application scene
光伏子系统	装机容量Installed capacity	1 200 kWp	能源供给层 Energy supply layer
Photovoltaic	PAR透过率 PAR transmittance	>85%	作物光照保障Crop light supply
subsystem	组件型号Module model	JA Solar JAM72S30-540/MR	光伏发电Photovoltaic power generation
	逆变器效率Inverter efficiency	>98.5%	电能转换Power conversion
水源热泵子系统	额定制热量Rated heating capacity	380 kW	供暖Heating
Water source heat	平均 COP(制热) Average COP (heating)	4.2	能效评估Energy efficiency evaluation
pump subsystem	平均 EER(制冷) Average EER (cooling)	5.0	能效评估Energy efficiency evaluation
	机组型号Unit model	麦克维尔WPS080.2 McQuay WPS080.2	供暖/制冷Heating/cooling
相变储能墙体子系统	相变焓Phase change enthalpy	182.5 kJ·kg^-1	蓄放热计算Heat storage/release calculation
Phase change	墙体面积Wall area	3 000 m²	负荷削减Load reduction
energy storage wall subsystem	材料类型Material type	石蜡基复合相变材料 Paraffin-based composite PCM	蓄热介质 Heat storage medium
控制系统 Control system	主控制器型号Main controller model	西门子 S7-1500 PLC SIEMENS S7-1500 PLC	控制中枢Control center
	边缘层迭代周期Edge layer iteration cycle	10 s	动态调度Dynamic scheduling
	温度控制精度Temperature control precision	±0.5 ℃	环境调控Environmental regulation
测量参数 Measurement	温度传感器精度 Temperature sensor precision	±0.1 ℃	数据采集Data acquisition
parameters	湿度传感器精度Humidity sensor precision	±1.0%(RH)	数据采集Data acquisition
	采样频率Sampling frequency	0.016 7 Hz	数据采集Data acquisition

参数类别 Parameter category	参数名称 Parameter name	取值/型号 Value/model	应用场景 Application scene
光伏子系统	装机容量Installed capacity	1 200 kWp	能源供给层 Energy supply layer
Photovoltaic	PAR透过率 PAR transmittance	>85%	作物光照保障Crop light supply
subsystem	组件型号Module model	JA Solar JAM72S30-540/MR	光伏发电Photovoltaic power generation
	逆变器效率Inverter efficiency	>98.5%	电能转换Power conversion
水源热泵子系统	额定制热量Rated heating capacity	380 kW	供暖Heating
Water source heat	平均 COP(制热) Average COP (heating)	4.2	能效评估Energy efficiency evaluation
pump subsystem	平均 EER(制冷) Average EER (cooling)	5.0	能效评估Energy efficiency evaluation
	机组型号Unit model	麦克维尔WPS080.2 McQuay WPS080.2	供暖/制冷Heating/cooling
相变储能墙体子系统	相变焓Phase change enthalpy	182.5 kJ·kg^-1	蓄放热计算Heat storage/release calculation
Phase change	墙体面积Wall area	3 000 m²	负荷削减Load reduction
energy storage wall subsystem	材料类型Material type	石蜡基复合相变材料 Paraffin-based composite PCM	蓄热介质 Heat storage medium
控制系统 Control system	主控制器型号Main controller model	西门子 S7-1500 PLC SIEMENS S7-1500 PLC	控制中枢Control center
	边缘层迭代周期Edge layer iteration cycle	10 s	动态调度Dynamic scheduling
	温度控制精度Temperature control precision	±0.5 ℃	环境调控Environmental regulation
测量参数 Measurement	温度传感器精度 Temperature sensor precision	±0.1 ℃	数据采集Data acquisition
parameters	湿度传感器精度Humidity sensor precision	±1.0%(RH)	数据采集Data acquisition
	采样频率Sampling frequency	0.016 7 Hz	数据采集Data acquisition

系统类型 System type	工况 Operating condition	负荷/kW Load/kW	能效参数 Energy efficiency parameter	运行时间/h Operating time/h	能耗/(kW·h) Energy consumption/(kW·h)
传统系统Traditional system	冬季Winter	500	COP=2.5	1 200	240 000
	夏季Summer	600	EER=3.0	1 000	200 000
水源热泵WSHP	冬季Winter	500	COP=4.2	1 200	164 500
	夏季Summer	600	EER=5.0	1 000	135 000

系统类型 System type	工况 Operating condition	负荷/kW Load/kW	能效参数 Energy efficiency parameter	运行时间/h Operating time/h	能耗/(kW·h) Energy consumption/(kW·h)
传统系统Traditional system	冬季Winter	500	COP=2.5	1 200	240 000
	夏季Summer	600	EER=3.0	1 000	200 000
水源热泵WSHP	冬季Winter	500	COP=4.2	1 200	164 500
	夏季Summer	600	EER=5.0	1 000	135 000

处理 Treatment	单株结果数 Number of fruits per plant	单果重/g Average fruit weight/g	产量/(t·hm^-2) Yield/(t·hm^-2)	可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content/%
T	18.2±1.5	152±8	78.5+3.1	4.2±0.3
CK	18.8±1.3	155±7	80.2+3.3	4.3±0.2

基于分布式控制的连栋温室多能互补节能系统构建

Construction of a multi-energy complementary energy-saving system for multi-span greenhouses based on distributed control

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处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	单株鲜重/g Fruit weight per plant/g	产量/(t·hm^-2) Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
T	28.5±1.2	35.2±2.1	32.8±15
CK	29.0±1.0	36.0±1.8	33.5±16

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	单株鲜重/g Fruit weight per plant/g	产量/(t·hm^-2) Yield/ (t·hm^-2)
T	28.5±1.2	35.2±2.1	32.8±15
CK	29.0±1.0	36.0±1.8	33.5±16