浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 998-1007.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250453
覃响(
), 邓翔鸿, 黄展锐*(
), 袁驰, 陈浩, 胡连花, 何婉莹, 赵良忠
收稿日期:2025-06-20
出版日期:2026-05-25
发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:覃响,研究方向为食品加工与安全控制。E-mail:3127730390@qq.com
通讯作者:
*黄展锐,E-mail:zhanrui_huang@163.com
基金资助:
QIN Xiang(
), DENG Xianghong, HUANG Zhanrui*(
), YUAN Chi, CHEN Hao, HU Lianhua, HE Wanying, ZHAO Liangzhong
Received:2025-06-20
Published:2026-05-25
Online:2026-06-02
摘要:
本研究以鹌鹑蛋为研究对象,采用脉冲真空卤制技术,基于单因素实验和响应面实验优化鹌鹑蛋脉冲真空卤制的工艺参数,并对比不同卤制工艺对卤鹌鹑蛋品质特性的影响。结果表明,卤制温度、卤制时间、脉冲次数、卤汁盐度对卤鹌鹑蛋的感官评分、弹性、蛋白质含量均有显著(p<0.05)影响。经响应面实验优化,得到鹌鹑蛋脉冲真空卤制的最佳工艺参数为卤制温度82 ℃、卤制时间124 min、脉冲次数4次、卤汁盐度3.3%,在此条件下卤鹌鹑蛋的感官评分为88.37分,弹性为0.89。与其他卤制技术相比,脉冲真空卤制技术能有效提升卤鹌鹑蛋的盐度、蛋白质含量,并从弹性、硬度、咀嚼性等方面改善卤鹌鹑蛋的质构特性。
中图分类号:
覃响, 邓翔鸿, 黄展锐, 袁驰, 陈浩, 胡连花, 何婉莹, 赵良忠. 鹌鹑蛋脉冲真空卤制工艺优化及其品质分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 998-1007.
QIN Xiang, DENG Xianghong, HUANG Zhanrui, YUAN Chi, CHEN Hao, HU Lianhua, HE Wanying, ZHAO Liangzhong. Optimization and quality analysis of pulsed vacuum marination for quail eggs[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 998-1007.
| 水平编码 Level code | 各因素不同水平的设定值Setting value of factors under different levels | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A)卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | (B)卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | (C)脉冲次数 Pulse times | (D)卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | |
| 1 | 75 | 100 | 3 | 2 |
| 0 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 |
| -1 | 85 | 140 | 5 | 4 |
表1 响应面实验的因素与水平
Table 1 Factors and levels of response surface experiment
| 水平编码 Level code | 各因素不同水平的设定值Setting value of factors under different levels | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A)卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | (B)卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | (C)脉冲次数 Pulse times | (D)卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | |
| 1 | 75 | 100 | 3 | 2 |
| 0 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 |
| -1 | 85 | 140 | 5 | 4 |
| 项目Item | 评分标准Evaluation standard | 得分Score |
|---|---|---|
| 色泽 Color | 蛋白黄褐色或红褐色,色泽均匀;蛋黄油亮明黄 Yellowish brown or reddish brown egg white, with uniform color;oil bright yellow egg yolk | 20~30 |
| 蛋白深褐色,颜色较为均匀;蛋黄深黄 Dark brown egg white, with relatively uniform color; deep yellow egg yolk | 10~19 | |
| 蛋白暗褐色,色泽不均;蛋黄暗灰Dark brown egg white, with uneven color; dark gray egg yolk | 0~9 | |
| 香气Fragrance | 香味浓郁协调,有良好持香性,无异味Rich and harmonious fragrance, good fragrance retention, no odor | 8~10 |
| 香味清淡较为协调,有适当的持香性,无异味 Light and harmonious fragrance, proper fragrance retention, no odor | 4~7 | |
| 香味寡淡,无卤制香气或不协调,无持香性,有异味 Faint fragrance, without marinated aroma, or incongruous, no fragrance retention, peculiar smell | 0~3 | |
| 滋味Taste | 滋味浓郁协调,咸淡适宜Rich and harmonious taste, properly salted | 20~30 |
| 滋味淡较协调,稍有回味,咸淡较适Light and harmonious taste, slight aftertaste, acceptable salty | 10~19 | |
| 滋味寡淡不协调,无回味,咸淡不适Light and incongruous taste, no aftertaste, salty and unwell | 0~9 | |
| 形态Exterior | 外形规整,无破损,无残缺Regular appearance, without damage or deformity | 8~10 |
| 外形较为规整,无破损,无残缺Relatively regular appearance, without damage or deformity | 4~7 | |
| 外形破损,有残缺Damaged and incomplete appearance | 0~3 | |
| 质地 Texture | 蛋白有良好弹性,咀嚼劲道;蛋黄松软细腻,无噎感 Egg white with good elasticity and chewy strength; soft and delicate egg yolk, without choking | 15~20 |
| 蛋白有较好的弹性,咀嚼较为软弹,咸淡较适;蛋黄较松软 Egg white with good elasticity, soft and elastic texture, acceptable salty; soft egg yolk | 7~14 | |
| 蛋白无弹性,咀嚼无劲道;蛋黄粗糙,有噎感 Inelastic egg white without strong chewing; rough and choking egg yolk | 0~6 |
表2 卤鹌鹑蛋的感官评价标准
Table 2 Sensory evaluation standard of marinated quail eggs
| 项目Item | 评分标准Evaluation standard | 得分Score |
|---|---|---|
| 色泽 Color | 蛋白黄褐色或红褐色,色泽均匀;蛋黄油亮明黄 Yellowish brown or reddish brown egg white, with uniform color;oil bright yellow egg yolk | 20~30 |
| 蛋白深褐色,颜色较为均匀;蛋黄深黄 Dark brown egg white, with relatively uniform color; deep yellow egg yolk | 10~19 | |
| 蛋白暗褐色,色泽不均;蛋黄暗灰Dark brown egg white, with uneven color; dark gray egg yolk | 0~9 | |
| 香气Fragrance | 香味浓郁协调,有良好持香性,无异味Rich and harmonious fragrance, good fragrance retention, no odor | 8~10 |
| 香味清淡较为协调,有适当的持香性,无异味 Light and harmonious fragrance, proper fragrance retention, no odor | 4~7 | |
| 香味寡淡,无卤制香气或不协调,无持香性,有异味 Faint fragrance, without marinated aroma, or incongruous, no fragrance retention, peculiar smell | 0~3 | |
| 滋味Taste | 滋味浓郁协调,咸淡适宜Rich and harmonious taste, properly salted | 20~30 |
| 滋味淡较协调,稍有回味,咸淡较适Light and harmonious taste, slight aftertaste, acceptable salty | 10~19 | |
| 滋味寡淡不协调,无回味,咸淡不适Light and incongruous taste, no aftertaste, salty and unwell | 0~9 | |
| 形态Exterior | 外形规整,无破损,无残缺Regular appearance, without damage or deformity | 8~10 |
| 外形较为规整,无破损,无残缺Relatively regular appearance, without damage or deformity | 4~7 | |
| 外形破损,有残缺Damaged and incomplete appearance | 0~3 | |
| 质地 Texture | 蛋白有良好弹性,咀嚼劲道;蛋黄松软细腻,无噎感 Egg white with good elasticity and chewy strength; soft and delicate egg yolk, without choking | 15~20 |
| 蛋白有较好的弹性,咀嚼较为软弹,咸淡较适;蛋黄较松软 Egg white with good elasticity, soft and elastic texture, acceptable salty; soft egg yolk | 7~14 | |
| 蛋白无弹性,咀嚼无劲道;蛋黄粗糙,有噎感 Inelastic egg white without strong chewing; rough and choking egg yolk | 0~6 |
| 卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | 11.44±0.12 d | 1.29±0.01 e | 0.83±0.02 d | 68.30±0.67 e |
| 75 | 11.55±0.22 c | 1.42±0.01 d | 0.87±0.02 b | 73.50±1.08 d |
| 80 | 11.64±0.31 b | 1.57±0.02 c | 0.88±0.01 a | 86.40±1.26 a |
| 85 | 11.76±0.25 a | 1.60±0.01 b | 0.86±0.01 b | 84.60±1.17 b |
| 90 | 11.77±0.43 a | 1.61±0.04 a | 0.85±0.01 c | 79.10±0.99 c |
表3 卤制温度对卤鹌鹑蛋理化特性与感官评分的影响
Table 3 Effects of marinating temperature on physicochemical properties and sensory score of marinated quail eggs
| 卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | 11.44±0.12 d | 1.29±0.01 e | 0.83±0.02 d | 68.30±0.67 e |
| 75 | 11.55±0.22 c | 1.42±0.01 d | 0.87±0.02 b | 73.50±1.08 d |
| 80 | 11.64±0.31 b | 1.57±0.02 c | 0.88±0.01 a | 86.40±1.26 a |
| 85 | 11.76±0.25 a | 1.60±0.01 b | 0.86±0.01 b | 84.60±1.17 b |
| 90 | 11.77±0.43 a | 1.61±0.04 a | 0.85±0.01 c | 79.10±0.99 c |
| 卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | 11.62±0.13 c | 1.38±0.01 c | 0.85±0.02 c | 81.70±1.16 c |
| 100 | 11.66±0.12 b | 1.41±0.02 b | 0.86±0.01 b | 85.30±2.67 b |
| 120 | 11.68±0.21 a | 1.45±0.02 a | 0.88±0.02 a | 87.50±2.22 a |
| 140 | 11.68±0.23 a | 1.45±0.01 a | 0.88±0.01 a | 87.40±3.25 a |
| 160 | 11.68±0.14 a | 1.46±0.03 a | 0.88±0.01 a | 87.00±2.87 a |
表4 卤制时间对卤制鹌鹑蛋理化特性与感官评分的影响
Table 4 Effects of marinating time on physicochemical properties and sensory score of marinated quail eggs
| 卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | 11.62±0.13 c | 1.38±0.01 c | 0.85±0.02 c | 81.70±1.16 c |
| 100 | 11.66±0.12 b | 1.41±0.02 b | 0.86±0.01 b | 85.30±2.67 b |
| 120 | 11.68±0.21 a | 1.45±0.02 a | 0.88±0.02 a | 87.50±2.22 a |
| 140 | 11.68±0.23 a | 1.45±0.01 a | 0.88±0.01 a | 87.40±3.25 a |
| 160 | 11.68±0.14 a | 1.46±0.03 a | 0.88±0.01 a | 87.00±2.87 a |
| 脉冲次数 Pulse times | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.48±0.12 d | 1.25±0.02 d | 0.82±0.01 c | 71.00±1.33 d |
| 2 | 11.69±0.33 c | 1.37±0.01 c | 0.86±0.01 b | 76.50±2.85 c |
| 3 | 11.76±0.24 b | 1.43±0.03 b | 0.88±0.02 a | 85.70±3.16 a |
| 4 | 11.78±0.25 a | 1.49±0.02 a | 0.89±0.03 a | 86.40±2.17 a |
| 5 | 11.78±0.15 a | 1.50±0.04 a | 0.87±0.02 b | 81.30±1.06 b |
表5 脉冲次数对卤制鹌鹑蛋理化特性与感官评分的影响
Table 5 Effects of pulse times on physicochemical properties and sensory score of marinated quail eggs
| 脉冲次数 Pulse times | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.48±0.12 d | 1.25±0.02 d | 0.82±0.01 c | 71.00±1.33 d |
| 2 | 11.69±0.33 c | 1.37±0.01 c | 0.86±0.01 b | 76.50±2.85 c |
| 3 | 11.76±0.24 b | 1.43±0.03 b | 0.88±0.02 a | 85.70±3.16 a |
| 4 | 11.78±0.25 a | 1.49±0.02 a | 0.89±0.03 a | 86.40±2.17 a |
| 5 | 11.78±0.15 a | 1.50±0.04 a | 0.87±0.02 b | 81.30±1.06 b |
| 卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.22±0.35 e | 0.54±0.03 e | 0.82±0.01 d | 82.10±2.99 c |
| 2 | 11.39±0.32 d | 0.82±0.02 d | 0.85±0.02 c | 84.40±1.35 b |
| 3 | 11.78±0.16 c | 1.43±0.03 c | 0.87±0.03 b | 87.20±3.23 a |
| 4 | 12.15±0.18 b | 2.04±0.05 b | 0.88±0.02 ab | 81.30±3.34 c |
| 5 | 12.33±0.15 a | 2.39±0.04 a | 0.89±0.01 a | 71.70±1.95 d |
表6 卤汁盐度对卤制鹌鹑蛋理化特性与感官评分的影响
Table 6 Effects of marinade salinity on physicochemical properties and sensory score of marinated quail eggs
| 卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 感官评分 Sensory score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.22±0.35 e | 0.54±0.03 e | 0.82±0.01 d | 82.10±2.99 c |
| 2 | 11.39±0.32 d | 0.82±0.02 d | 0.85±0.02 c | 84.40±1.35 b |
| 3 | 11.78±0.16 c | 1.43±0.03 c | 0.87±0.03 b | 87.20±3.23 a |
| 4 | 12.15±0.18 b | 2.04±0.05 b | 0.88±0.02 ab | 81.30±3.34 c |
| 5 | 12.33±0.15 a | 2.39±0.04 a | 0.89±0.01 a | 71.70±1.95 d |
| 试验号 No. | 卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | 卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | 脉冲次数 Pulse times | 卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | 感官评分 Sensory score | 弹性 Elasticity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75 | 100 | 4 | 3 | 84.00±1.17 | 0.86±0.02 |
| 2 | 85 | 100 | 4 | 3 | 81.70±0.67 | 0.84±0.02 |
| 3 | 75 | 140 | 4 | 3 | 83.00±0.82 | 0.86±0.05 |
| 4 | 85 | 140 | 4 | 3 | 80.00±0.75 | 0.84±0.03 |
| 5 | 80 | 120 | 3 | 2 | 82.10±1.33 | 0.84±0.06 |
| 6 | 80 | 120 | 5 | 2 | 79.90±0.59 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 7 | 80 | 120 | 3 | 4 | 81.50±0.68 | 0.89±0.05 |
| 8 | 80 | 120 | 5 | 4 | 73.40±0.62 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 9 | 75 | 120 | 4 | 2 | 79.20±0.72 | 0.84±0.04 |
| 10 | 85 | 120 | 4 | 2 | 80.00±1.13 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 11 | 75 | 120 | 4 | 4 | 78.70±0.81 | 0.88±0.06 |
| 12 | 85 | 120 | 4 | 4 | 74.70±0.96 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 13 | 80 | 100 | 3 | 3 | 82.30±1.24 | 0.86±0.05 |
| 14 | 80 | 140 | 3 | 3 | 84.10±1.08 | 0.87±0.02 |
| 15 | 80 | 100 | 5 | 3 | 81.70±0.77 | 0.83±0.01 |
| 16 | 80 | 140 | 5 | 3 | 79.70±0.82 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 17 | 75 | 120 | 3 | 3 | 82.00±0.69 | 0.86±0.06 |
| 18 | 85 | 120 | 3 | 3 | 83.50±1.35 | 0.85±0.05 |
| 19 | 75 | 120 | 5 | 3 | 81.00±0.93 | 0.85±0.03 |
| 20 | 85 | 120 | 5 | 3 | 75.80±0.57 | 0.81±0.02 |
| 21 | 80 | 100 | 4 | 2 | 82.00±0.89 | 0.84±0.04 |
| 22 | 80 | 140 | 4 | 2 | 80.70±0.78 | 0.85±0.01 |
| 23 | 80 | 100 | 4 | 4 | 81.40±1.12 | 0.88±0.08 |
| 24 | 80 | 140 | 4 | 4 | 78.90±0.77 | 0.88±0.06 |
| 25 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 88.60±1.36 | 0.87±0.05 |
| 26 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 89.00±1.14 | 0.86±0.06 |
| 27 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 90.30±1.52 | 0.88±0.07 |
| 28 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 87.60±1.17 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 29 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 89.40±0.98 | 0.89±0.04 |
表7 响应面实验的方案与结果
Table 7 Scheme and results of response surface experiment
| 试验号 No. | 卤制温度/℃ Marinating temperature/℃ | 卤制时间/min Marinating time/min | 脉冲次数 Pulse times | 卤汁盐度/% Marinade salinity/% | 感官评分 Sensory score | 弹性 Elasticity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75 | 100 | 4 | 3 | 84.00±1.17 | 0.86±0.02 |
| 2 | 85 | 100 | 4 | 3 | 81.70±0.67 | 0.84±0.02 |
| 3 | 75 | 140 | 4 | 3 | 83.00±0.82 | 0.86±0.05 |
| 4 | 85 | 140 | 4 | 3 | 80.00±0.75 | 0.84±0.03 |
| 5 | 80 | 120 | 3 | 2 | 82.10±1.33 | 0.84±0.06 |
| 6 | 80 | 120 | 5 | 2 | 79.90±0.59 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 7 | 80 | 120 | 3 | 4 | 81.50±0.68 | 0.89±0.05 |
| 8 | 80 | 120 | 5 | 4 | 73.40±0.62 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 9 | 75 | 120 | 4 | 2 | 79.20±0.72 | 0.84±0.04 |
| 10 | 85 | 120 | 4 | 2 | 80.00±1.13 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 11 | 75 | 120 | 4 | 4 | 78.70±0.81 | 0.88±0.06 |
| 12 | 85 | 120 | 4 | 4 | 74.70±0.96 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 13 | 80 | 100 | 3 | 3 | 82.30±1.24 | 0.86±0.05 |
| 14 | 80 | 140 | 3 | 3 | 84.10±1.08 | 0.87±0.02 |
| 15 | 80 | 100 | 5 | 3 | 81.70±0.77 | 0.83±0.01 |
| 16 | 80 | 140 | 5 | 3 | 79.70±0.82 | 0.82±0.01 |
| 17 | 75 | 120 | 3 | 3 | 82.00±0.69 | 0.86±0.06 |
| 18 | 85 | 120 | 3 | 3 | 83.50±1.35 | 0.85±0.05 |
| 19 | 75 | 120 | 5 | 3 | 81.00±0.93 | 0.85±0.03 |
| 20 | 85 | 120 | 5 | 3 | 75.80±0.57 | 0.81±0.02 |
| 21 | 80 | 100 | 4 | 2 | 82.00±0.89 | 0.84±0.04 |
| 22 | 80 | 140 | 4 | 2 | 80.70±0.78 | 0.85±0.01 |
| 23 | 80 | 100 | 4 | 4 | 81.40±1.12 | 0.88±0.08 |
| 24 | 80 | 140 | 4 | 4 | 78.90±0.77 | 0.88±0.06 |
| 25 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 88.60±1.36 | 0.87±0.05 |
| 26 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 89.00±1.14 | 0.86±0.06 |
| 27 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 90.30±1.52 | 0.88±0.07 |
| 28 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 87.60±1.17 | 0.87±0.03 |
| 29 | 80 | 120 | 4 | 3 | 89.40±0.98 | 0.89±0.04 |
| 处理 Treatment | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 水分含量/% Moisture content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 硬度/g Hardness/g | 内聚性 Cohesiveness | 咀嚼性/N Chewiness/N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 10.96±0.08 c | 71.05±0.23 a | — | 0.79±0.02 c | 282.93±9.71 d | 0.68±0.01 a | 1.48±0.08 c |
| TM | 11.38±0.04 b | 69.38±0.04 b | 1.14±0.03 c | 0.84±0.01 b | 446.98±15.82 a | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.60±0.02 b |
| RM | 11.79±0.02 a | 68.63±0.19 c | 1.45±0.01 b | 0.88±0.01 a | 386.49±8.81 b | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.72±0.04 a |
| PVM | 11.82±0.03 a | 68.24±0.11 d | 1.57±0.02 a | 0.89±0.02 a | 305.75±5.82 c | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.75±0.03 a |
表8 不同处理卤鹌鹑蛋的品质
Table 8 Quality of marinated quail eggs under different treatments
| 处理 Treatment | 蛋白质含量/% Protein content/% | 水分含量/% Moisture content/% | 盐度/% Salinity/% | 弹性 Elasticity | 硬度/g Hardness/g | 内聚性 Cohesiveness | 咀嚼性/N Chewiness/N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 10.96±0.08 c | 71.05±0.23 a | — | 0.79±0.02 c | 282.93±9.71 d | 0.68±0.01 a | 1.48±0.08 c |
| TM | 11.38±0.04 b | 69.38±0.04 b | 1.14±0.03 c | 0.84±0.01 b | 446.98±15.82 a | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.60±0.02 b |
| RM | 11.79±0.02 a | 68.63±0.19 c | 1.45±0.01 b | 0.88±0.01 a | 386.49±8.81 b | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.72±0.04 a |
| PVM | 11.82±0.03 a | 68.24±0.11 d | 1.57±0.02 a | 0.89±0.02 a | 305.75±5.82 c | 0.69±0.01 a | 1.75±0.03 a |
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