棘孢木霉和超微粉腐殖质改善连作土壤微生态

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.06.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1060-1069.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.06.14

棘孢木霉和超微粉腐殖质改善连作土壤微生态

林辉¹, 张锦¹, 原倩宇^1,2, 叶静¹, 孙万春¹, 虞轶俊³, 俞巧钢¹, 马军伟^1,*

1.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021;
2.西北农林科技大学环境资源学院,陕西杨凌 712100;
3.浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,农业农村部肥料质量监督检验测试中心(杭州),浙江杭州 310020

收稿日期:2019-12-10 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-06-24
通讯作者: *马军伟,E-mail: majuwe111@163.com
作者简介:林辉(1986—),女,浙江苍南人,博士,副研究员,从事环境微生物与施肥研究。E-mail:lin82774872@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划(2017C32005)

Improving microbial system of continuous cropping soil by addition of Trichoderma asperellum and ultrafine powder humus

LIN Hui¹, ZHANG Jin¹, YUAN Qianyu^1,2, YE Jing¹, SUN Wanchun¹, YU Yijun³, YU Qiaogang¹, MA Junwei^1,*

1. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
3. Hangzhou Center for Inspection and Testing for Quality and Safety of Fertilizer, Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received:2019-12-10 Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-06-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)T-1、超微粉腐殖质及其复配物(腐殖质-T1)对连作土壤微生态的影响,旨在为设施连作土壤调理和土传病害防治提供高效、低成本且环境友好型的方法。采用平板对峙试验,分析棘孢木霉T-1对不同专化型(黄瓜专化型、西瓜专化型、萎蔫专化型)尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑制效果,进一步在微宇宙土壤培养试验中设空白对照(CK-S),以及添加1%(质量分数)超微粉腐殖质(TS1)、0.5%(质量分数)T-1菌剂(TS2)和1%(质量分数)腐殖质-T1(TS3)4个处理,在黄瓜盆栽试验中设空白对照(CK-C)、添加1%(质量分数)超微粉腐殖质(TC1)和腐殖质-T1(TC2)3个处理,定期取样,利用平板计数法和荧光定量PCR测定分析土壤中尖孢镰刀菌、真菌、细菌、棘孢木霉数量,观察黄瓜发病情况。结果表明,棘孢木霉T-1明显抑制各专化型尖孢镰刀菌的生长,对西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果最佳。在微宇宙土壤培养条件下,TS1、TS2和TS3处理均可降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的拷贝数,其中TS3处理对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率最高。超微粉腐殖质与棘孢木霉T-1的复合施用促进了棘孢木霉T-1在土壤中的定殖。黄瓜盆栽试验下,与CK-C相比,TC2处理显著(P<0.05)增加土壤中棘孢木霉和放线菌数量,较TC1处理对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌作用更长效,黄瓜病死株数量更低,且表现出一定的促生长效应。综上,棘孢木霉T-1、超微粉腐殖质及其复配物均可改善连作土壤微生态,抑制尖孢镰刀菌生长,且以复配使用效果最佳。

关键词: 棘孢木霉, 腐殖质, 尖孢镰刀菌, 土壤微生物, 黄瓜

Abstract: The present work focused on the effects of application of Trichoderma asperellum T-1, ultrafine powder humus and their combination (Humus-T1) on the microbial system of continuous cropping soil, to offer highly efficient, low-cost and environment friendly methods for controlling soil-borne diseases and alleviation of continuous cropping obstacles. The inhibitory effects of T. asperellum T-1 on different types of Fusarium oxysporum(F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumberium,FOC; F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum,FON; F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum,FOV) were determined by plate confrontation culture experiment. Soil microcosm experiments were performed with 4 treatments, including control (CK-S), and addition of 1% (mass fraction) ultrafine powder humus (TS1), or 0.5% (mass fraction) T. asperellum T-1 (TS2) or 0.5% (mass fraction) Humus-T1 (TS3). The design of treatments CK-S, TS1 and TS3 were also applied in the cucumber pot experiment, and were marked as CK-C, TC1 and TC2, respectively. Soil samples were collected and then subjected for plate count technique and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The population of F. xysporum, fungi, bacteria and T. asperellum was determined as well as the incidence of cucumber wilt. It was shown that T. asperellum T-1 exhibited inhibitory effects on different kinds of F. oxysporum, and the highest inhibition effect was observed on FON. Under soil microcosm condition, treatments of TS1, TS2 and TS3 inhibited the proliferation of F. oxysporum in continuous cropping soil without significantly influencing the soil microbial population. The maximum inhibition rate was found in TS3 treatment. Soil microcosm experimental results showed that the combination of ultrafine powder humus and T-1 increased the colonization of T-1 in soils. Compared with CK-C, TC2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of T. asperellum and Actinomycetes in soils. Besides, TC2 exhibited more persistent inhibition effect on F. oxysporum and lower mortality rate of cucumber than TC1. In conclusion, application of T. asperellum T-1, ultrafine powder humus or Humus-T1 could improve the soil microbial system, inhibite the growth of F. oxysporum in soil, and Humus-T1 showed the best result.

Key words: Trichoderma asperellum, humus, Fusarium oxysporum, soil microorganism, cucumber

中图分类号:

林辉, 张锦, 原倩宇, 叶静, 孙万春, 虞轶俊, 俞巧钢, 马军伟. 棘孢木霉和超微粉腐殖质改善连作土壤微生态[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(6): 1060-1069.

LIN Hui, ZHANG Jin, YUAN Qianyu, YE Jing, SUN Wanchun, YU Yijun, YU Qiaogang, MA Junwei. Improving microbial system of continuous cropping soil by addition of Trichoderma asperellum and ultrafine powder humus[J]. , 2020, 32(6): 1060-1069.

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棘孢木霉和超微粉腐殖质改善连作土壤微生态

Improving microbial system of continuous cropping soil by addition of Trichoderma asperellum and ultrafine powder humus

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