17份黄金菊茶树自然杂交单株的表型变异与资源价值评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.13

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 298-307.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.13

17份黄金菊茶树自然杂交单株的表型变异与资源价值评价

王治会¹^,²(), 彭华¹^,², 杨普香¹^,²^,^*(), 江新凤¹^,², 李文金¹^,², 岳翠男¹^,², 李琛, 李延升¹^,²

1.江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所/江西省茶叶质量与安全控制重点实验室,江西南昌 330202
2.江西省经济作物研究所,江西南昌 330202

收稿日期:2020-08-26 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-25
作者简介:*杨普香,E-mail: jxypx@163.com
王治会(1992—),男,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,助理研究员,主要从事茶树资源开发利用研究。E-mail: 1246900265@qq.com
通讯作者: 杨普香
基金资助:
江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-02);国家现代产业技术体系(CARS-19);江西省茶叶质量与安全控制重点实验室项目(20192BCD40007);江西省重点研发计划(20202BBF63004)

Phenotypic variation and resource value evaluation of natural hybrid progenies of seventeen Huangjinju tea plants

WANG Zhihui¹^,²(), PENG Hua¹^,², YANG Puxiang¹^,²^,^*(), JIANG Xinfeng¹^,², LI Wenjin¹^,², YUE Cuinan¹^,², LI Chen, LI Yansheng¹^,²

1. Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330202, China
2. Jiangxi Economic Crop Research Institute, Nanchang 330202, China

Received:2020-08-26 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-25
Contact: YANG Puxiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄化茶树品种黄金菊自然杂交后代的表型性状差异大,为探究其表型变异与多样性,从中筛选优异单株。以17份黄金菊自然杂交后代单株为材料,分析其23项表型性状的变异与多样性,从中筛选表型优良单株,最终利用主成分分析进行生化品质评价。结果表明:17份黄金菊自然杂交后代的描述型性状变异系数范围为0~57.23%,均值为33.88%,多样性指数范围为0~1.78,均值为0.81;其中树型与树姿未发生变异,芽叶色泽变异最大;数量型性状变异系数范围为10.33%~19.82%,均值为14.68%;多样性指数范围为1.14~1.95,均值为1.75。自然杂交显著提高了部分单株的游离氨基酸和简单儿茶素含量,显著降低了茶多酚、总儿茶素、酯型儿茶素含量。咖啡碱含量在各表型优良单株中无显著性差异。利用主成分分析筛选出了5份表型与生化品质较好的单株,其中HJJ-12和HJJ-1芽叶为绿色,HJJ-7和HJJ-11芽叶为黄色,HJJ-17芽叶为紫色。

关键词: 茶树, 黄金菊, 杂交后代, 表型, 变异系数, 多样性指数

Abstract:

The phenotypic characters of natural hybrids of yellow tea variety Huangjinju are different, in order to explore the phenotypic variation and diversity of them, excellent individual plants were screened. The variation and diversity of 23 phenotypic traits of 17 individuals from natural hybrid progenies were analyzed, and excellent phenotypic plants were screened, and the biochemical quality was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficient of descriptive characters of natural hybrids ranged from 0 to 57.23%, with an average value of 33.88%. The diversity index ranged from 0 to 1.78, with an average of 0.81; Among them, there were no variation in tree type and tree posture, and the color variation of bud and leaf was the largest; The variation coefficient of quantitative traits ranged from 10.33% to 19.82%, with an average of 14.68%. The diversity index ranged from 1.14 to 1.95, with an average of 1.75. The contents of free amino acids and simple catechins of some individual plants were significantly increased by natural hybridization, while the contents of tea polyphenols, total catechins and ester catechins were significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in caffeine among the excellent phenotypic plants (P>0.05). Finally, five plants with better phenotypic and biochemical quality were selected by principal component analysis, the buds of HJJ-12 and HJJ-1 were green, those of HJJ-7 and HJJ-11 were yellow, and that of HJJ-17 was purple.

Key words: tea plant, Huangjinju, hybrid offspring, phenotype, coefficient of variation, diversity index

中图分类号:

王治会, 彭华, 杨普香, 江新凤, 李文金, 岳翠男, 李琛, 李延升. 17份黄金菊茶树自然杂交单株的表型变异与资源价值评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(2): 298-307.

WANG Zhihui, PENG Hua, YANG Puxiang, JIANG Xinfeng, LI Wenjin, YUE Cuinan, LI Chen, LI Yansheng. Phenotypic variation and resource value evaluation of natural hybrid progenies of seventeen Huangjinju tea plants[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(2): 298-307.

图/表 7

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性状 Character	性状描述(株、百分比) Character description (plant, percentage)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	多样性指数 Diversity index
生长势 Growth momentum	强(5、29%);中(7、41%);弱(5、29%) Strong (5, 29%); medium (7, 41%); weak (5, 29%)	39.55	1.08
物候期 Phenophase	早(4、24%);中(6、35%);晚(7、41%) Early (4, 24%); medium (6, 35%); late (7, 41%)	44.45	1.07
树型 Tree type	灌木型(17、100%) Shrub type (17, 100%)	0	0
树姿 Tree posture	开张(17、100%) Open (17, 100%)	0	0
叶片大小 Leaf size	中叶(4、24%);小叶(13、76%) Middle lobe (4, 24%); lobule (13, 76%)	35.24	0.55
叶片着生状态 Leaf setting state	上斜(14、82%);平(3、18%) Upslope(14, 82%);flat(3, 18%)	21.59	0.47
叶形 Leaf shape	近圆形(1、6%);椭圆形(11、65%);长椭圆形(5、29%) Near circle(1, 6%);oval (11, 65%); long oval (5, 29%)	31.93	0.81
叶色 Leaf color	深绿(6、35%);绿(4、24%);浅绿(5、29%);黄绿(2、12%) Dark green (6, 35%); green (4, 24%); light green (5, 29%); yellow green (2, 12%)	38.09	1.32
叶基 Leaf base	近圆形(13、76%);楔形(4、24%) Near circle(13, 76%);wedge shaped (4, 24%)	24.83	0.55
叶身 Leaf body	平(3、18%);内折(14、82%) Flat(3, 18%);Inner fold (14, 82%)	33.31	0.47
叶尖 Leaf tip	钝尖(7、41%);渐尖(7、41%);急尖(3、18%) Obtuse (7, 41%); gradual (7, 41%); acute (3, 18%)	33.57	1.04
叶面 Leaf surface	隆起(2、12%);微隆起(8、47%);平(7、41%) Uplift (2, 12%); micro uplift (8, 47%); flat (7, 41%)	40.12	0.97
叶缘 Leaf margin	波(2、12%);微波(5、29%);平(10、59%) Wave (2, 12%); microwave (5, 29%); flat (10, 59%)	46.86	0.92
叶质 Leaf quality	硬(2、12%);中(8、47%);柔软(7、41%) Hard (2, 12%); medium (8, 47%); soft (7, 41%)	40.12	0.97
叶齿形态 Morphology of leaf teeth	重锯齿形(1、6%);锯齿形(9、53%);少齿形(7、41%) Double serrated (1, 6%); serrated (9, 53%); few serrated (7, 41%)	36.73	0.88
芽叶茸毛 Pubescens	多(3、18%);中(3、18%);少(11、64%) More (3, 18%); medium (3, 18%); less (11, 64%)	52.29	0.89
芽叶色泽 Color of bud and leaf	深绿色(2、12%);绿色(5、29%);浅绿色(1、6%);黄绿(3、18%);浅黄色(1、6%); 黄色(3、18%);紫黄色(1、6%);紫色(1、6%) Dark green (2, 12%); green (5, 29%); light green (1, 6%); yellow green (3, 18%); light yellow (1, 6%); yellow (3, 18%); purple yellow (1, 6%); purple (1, 6%)	57.23	1.78

性状 Character	性状描述(株、百分比) Character description (plant, percentage)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	多样性指数 Diversity index
生长势 Growth momentum	强(5、29%);中(7、41%);弱(5、29%) Strong (5, 29%); medium (7, 41%); weak (5, 29%)	39.55	1.08
物候期 Phenophase	早(4、24%);中(6、35%);晚(7、41%) Early (4, 24%); medium (6, 35%); late (7, 41%)	44.45	1.07
树型 Tree type	灌木型(17、100%) Shrub type (17, 100%)	0	0
树姿 Tree posture	开张(17、100%) Open (17, 100%)	0	0
叶片大小 Leaf size	中叶(4、24%);小叶(13、76%) Middle lobe (4, 24%); lobule (13, 76%)	35.24	0.55
叶片着生状态 Leaf setting state	上斜(14、82%);平(3、18%) Upslope(14, 82%);flat(3, 18%)	21.59	0.47
叶形 Leaf shape	近圆形(1、6%);椭圆形(11、65%);长椭圆形(5、29%) Near circle(1, 6%);oval (11, 65%); long oval (5, 29%)	31.93	0.81
叶色 Leaf color	深绿(6、35%);绿(4、24%);浅绿(5、29%);黄绿(2、12%) Dark green (6, 35%); green (4, 24%); light green (5, 29%); yellow green (2, 12%)	38.09	1.32
叶基 Leaf base	近圆形(13、76%);楔形(4、24%) Near circle(13, 76%);wedge shaped (4, 24%)	24.83	0.55
叶身 Leaf body	平(3、18%);内折(14、82%) Flat(3, 18%);Inner fold (14, 82%)	33.31	0.47
叶尖 Leaf tip	钝尖(7、41%);渐尖(7、41%);急尖(3、18%) Obtuse (7, 41%); gradual (7, 41%); acute (3, 18%)	33.57	1.04
叶面 Leaf surface	隆起(2、12%);微隆起(8、47%);平(7、41%) Uplift (2, 12%); micro uplift (8, 47%); flat (7, 41%)	40.12	0.97
叶缘 Leaf margin	波(2、12%);微波(5、29%);平(10、59%) Wave (2, 12%); microwave (5, 29%); flat (10, 59%)	46.86	0.92
叶质 Leaf quality	硬(2、12%);中(8、47%);柔软(7、41%) Hard (2, 12%); medium (8, 47%); soft (7, 41%)	40.12	0.97
叶齿形态 Morphology of leaf teeth	重锯齿形(1、6%);锯齿形(9、53%);少齿形(7、41%) Double serrated (1, 6%); serrated (9, 53%); few serrated (7, 41%)	36.73	0.88
芽叶茸毛 Pubescens	多(3、18%);中(3、18%);少(11、64%) More (3, 18%); medium (3, 18%); less (11, 64%)	52.29	0.89
芽叶色泽 Color of bud and leaf	深绿色(2、12%);绿色(5、29%);浅绿色(1、6%);黄绿(3、18%);浅黄色(1、6%); 黄色(3、18%);紫黄色(1、6%);紫色(1、6%) Dark green (2, 12%); green (5, 29%); light green (1, 6%); yellow green (3, 18%); light yellow (1, 6%); yellow (3, 18%); purple yellow (1, 6%); purple (1, 6%)	57.23	1.78

性状 Character	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	多样性指数 Diversity index
叶长Leaf length/cm	6.50	9.10	7.69	0.79	10.33	1.84
叶宽Leaf width/cm	2.50	3.80	3.37	0.37	10.94	1.84
叶面积Leaf area/cm²	12.40	24.40	18.28	3.25	17.77	1.81
叶脉对数Vein number	6.00	9.00	7.35	0.79	10.69	1.14
单芽长Single bud length/cm	1.30	2.80	2.08	0.41	19.82	1.92
一芽二叶长Length of one bud and two leave/cm	2.00	4.10	3.17	0.59	18.52	1.95

性状 Character	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	多样性指数 Diversity index
叶长Leaf length/cm	6.50	9.10	7.69	0.79	10.33	1.84
叶宽Leaf width/cm	2.50	3.80	3.37	0.37	10.94	1.84
叶面积Leaf area/cm²	12.40	24.40	18.28	3.25	17.77	1.81
叶脉对数Vein number	6.00	9.00	7.35	0.79	10.69	1.14
单芽长Single bud length/cm	1.30	2.80	2.08	0.41	19.82	1.92
一芽二叶长Length of one bud and two leave/cm	2.00	4.10	3.17	0.59	18.52	1.95

样品 Sample	水浸出物 Water extract/%	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid/%	咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	酚氨比 Phenol ammonia ratio	酯型儿茶素 Ester catechin/%
HJJ-1	37.25±2.08 bc	3.34±0.44 b	4.07±0.35 a	17.37±1.68 bc	5.20±0.15 b	8.67±0.89 c
HJJ-7	39.33±1.72 b	3.67±0.24 b	4.16±0.50 a	16.93±1.63 c	4.62±0.11 c	8.38±1.27 c
HJJ-9	44.84±1.88 a	4.43±0.42 a	4.55±0.52 a	21.39±2.30 ab	4.83±0.05 bc	12.94±1.08 b
HJJ-11	39.14±2.00 b	3.63±0.27 b	4.13±0.66 a	17.88±0.72 bc	4.92±0.14 bc	8.96±1.12 c
HJJ-12	35.67±1.97 c	4.43±0.42 a	4.57±0.69 a	15.32±1.88 c	3.46±0.08 e	7.96±1.23 c
HJJ-14	44.82±2.21 a	4.47±0.51 a	4.66±0.46 a	19.59±0.43 b	4.38±0.33 d	13.63±0.85 ab
HJJ-17	44.50±1.99 a	3.64±0.35 b	4.11±0.51 a	17.72±0.39 bc	4.87±0.30 bc	9.19±0.74 c
黄金菊Huangjinju	43.06±1.86 a	3.45±0.27 b	4.53±0.26 a	22.48±0.53 a	6.51±0.29 a	15.19±0.76 a
样品 Sample	简单儿茶素 Simple catechins/%	总儿茶素 Total catechins/%	苦涩味指数 CBTT	GA/%	CG/%	EGC/%
HJJ-1	4.10±0.32 b	12.77±1.21 c	6.45±0.08 e	0.23±0.02 b	0.15±0.01 c	2.31±0.21 b
HJJ-7	4.40±0.26 b	12.78±1.53 c	6.63±0.34 e	0.22±0.01 b	0.17±0.02 c	2.63±0.15 ab
HJJ-9	4.77±0.32 a	17.71±1.40 b	9.06±0.01 c	0.26±0.03 b	0.25±0.03 a	2.82±0.20 a
HJJ-11	4.40±0.42 b	13.36±1.54 c	7.51±0.18 d	0.24±0.03 b	0.15±0.02 c	2.77±0.32 a
HJJ-12	3.70±0.26 c	11.67±1.49 c	5.85±0.36 f	0.23±0.02 b	0.14±0.01 cd	1.96±0.16 c
HJJ-14	3.91±0.26 c	17.55±1.11b	10.72±0.12a	0.40±0.04 a	0.21±0.03 b	2.27±0.16 bc
HJJ-17	3.78±0.23 c	12.97±0.97 c	4.69±0.12 g	0.42±0.04 a	0.11±0.01 d	1.51±0.13d
黄金菊Huangjinju	3.72±0.16 c	18.91±0.92 a	9.31±0.03 b	0.26±0.03 b	0.14±0.01 cd	1.87±0.10 c
样品Sample	C/%	EC/%	EGCG/%	GCG/%	ECG/%
HJJ-1	0.75±0.06 c	0.89±0.11 ab	6.73±0.84 b	0.55±0.06 c	1.38±0.19 b
HJJ-7	0.74±0.07 c	0.86±0.08 ab	6.67±1.27 b	0.58±0.08 c	1.13±0.21 b
HJJ-9	0.71±0.04 cd	0.98±0.12 a	10.44±0.99 a	0.71±0.13 bc	1.79±0.21 a
HJJ-11	0.61±0.06 d	0.87±0.11 ab	7.06±1.03 b	0.73±0.11 bc	1.17±0.23 b
HJJ-12	0.75±0.11 c	0.86±0.04 ab	5.98±1.13 b	0.63±0.09 bc	1.36±0.29 b
HJJ-14	0.57±0.08 d	0.87±0.05 ab	10.88±0.84 a	0.77±0.05 b	1.99±0.14 a
HJJ-17	1.30±0.07 a	0.86±0.07 ab	7.13±0.70 b	0.68±0.07 bc	1.38±0.14 b
黄金菊Huangjinju	0.96±0.05 b	0.75±0.04 b	12.04±0.67 a	1.29±0.14 a	1.85±0.13 a

17份黄金菊茶树自然杂交单株的表型变异与资源价值评价

Phenotypic variation and resource value evaluation of natural hybrid progenies of seventeen Huangjinju tea plants

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