牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于3种茄科植物育苗的可行性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1700-1709.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.14

牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于3种茄科植物育苗的可行性

殷泽欣(), 张璐^*(), 郝丹, 白一帆

北京林业大学林学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2020-12-07 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: 张璐
作者简介:* 张璐,E-mail: zhanglu1211@bjfu.edu.cn
殷泽欣(1996—),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要从事农林废弃物资源再利用研究。E-mail: 1130615816@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700537)

Feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants

YIN Zexin(), ZHANG Lu^*(), HAO Dan, BAI Yifan

College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2020-12-07 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-09
Contact: ZHANG Lu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于茄科蔬菜育苗的可行性,以牛粪堆肥和泥炭为原料,配制100%(体积分数,下同)牛粪堆肥(T1)、75%牛粪堆肥+25%泥炭(T2)、50%牛粪堆肥+50%泥炭(T3)、25%牛粪堆肥+75%泥炭(T4)和100%泥炭(CK)5种育苗基质,开展茄子、辣椒和番茄的育苗试验。测定和分析育苗基质的理化性质,以及3种茄科植物的出苗率,并采用主成分分析法分析育苗基质理化性质与3种茄科蔬菜出苗率的关联性。结果表明:当添加比例不高于75%时,牛粪堆肥可以增加育苗基质养分含量,改善其物理环境。在5种育苗基质下,茄子的出苗率均小于80%,未达到生产实践要求。当牛粪堆肥的添加比例为50%时,辣椒出苗率最高(98%)。当牛粪堆肥的添加比例为25%时,番茄出苗率较高(88%),虽仍低于CK处理,但已可满足生产要求。在茄子育苗中,牛粪堆肥和泥炭均不适用;在辣椒育苗中,牛粪堆肥替代泥炭的比例可达50%;在番茄育苗中,牛粪堆肥替代泥炭的比例可达25%。

关键词: 牛粪堆肥, 泥炭, 茄科蔬菜, 育苗基质

Abstract:

To explore the feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants (eggplant, chili and tomato), the manure compost and peat were used as the main raw materials for seedling substrates, and five kinds of seedling substrates, including 100% (volume fraction, the same as below) cow dung compost (T1), 75% cow dung compost+25% peat (T2), 50% cow dung compost+50% peat (T3), 25% cow dung compost+75% peat (T4), and 100% peat (CK) were prepared. The physiochemical properties of the five seedling substrates were determined, as well as the emergence rates of three Solanaceae plants. Besides, the principal component analysis was introduced to analyze the relevances within the physicochemical properties of seedling substrates and the emergence rates of Solanaceae plants. It was shown that when the volume fraction of cow dung compost was no bigger than 75%, it could improve the nutrients contents and physical environment of seedling substrates. Under the above five seedling substrates, the emergence rates of eggplant were less than 80%, which did not meet the production standard. When the volume fraction of cow dung compost was 50%, the chili emergence rate was the highest (98%). When the volume fraction of cow dung compost was 25%, the tomato emergence rate was 88%. Although it was lower than that under CK (96%), the emergence rate still met the production standard. In general, neither cow dung compost nor peat were suitable for seedling nursery of eggplant, yet for the seedling nursery of chili and tomato, the substituion ratio of peat by cow dung compost could reach 50% and 25%, respectively.

Key words: cow dung compost, peat, Solanaceae vegetable, seedling substrate

中图分类号:

S641.04⁺.3

殷泽欣, 张璐, 郝丹, 白一帆. 牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于3种茄科植物育苗的可行性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(9): 1700-1709.

YIN Zexin, ZHANG Lu, HAO Dan, BAI Yifan. Feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(9): 1700-1709.

图/表 6

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指标 Index	牛粪堆肥 Cow dung compost	泥炭 Peat
pH	7.56	5.85
EC/(mS·cm^-1)	3.24	0.77
全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg^-1)	3.13	0.30
全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg^-1)	14.40	6.55
全钾Total potassium/(g·kg^-1)	17.00	0.17
腐殖酸Humic acid/%	3.16	14.26
容重Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	0.47	0.24

指标 Index	牛粪堆肥 Cow dung compost	泥炭 Peat
pH	7.56	5.85
EC/(mS·cm^-1)	3.24	0.77
全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg^-1)	3.13	0.30
全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg^-1)	14.40	6.55
全钾Total potassium/(g·kg^-1)	17.00	0.17
腐殖酸Humic acid/%	3.16	14.26
容重Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	0.47	0.24

指标Index	T1	T2	T3	T4	CK
容重Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	0.48±0.02 a	0.45±0.02 ab	0.44±0.02 ab	0.39±0.05 b	0.25±0.02 c
最大含水量Maximum water content/%	54.97±0.07 d	63.45±0.02 c	66.53±0.02 b	75.92±0.02 a	77.70±0.02 a
总孔隙度Total porosity/%	70.11±0.01 c	75.51±0.01 b	73.54±0.01 bc	78.28±0.01 ab	81.15±0.02 a
通气孔隙Aeration porosity/%	23.36±0.01 a	22.65±0.01 ab	20.99±0.01 bc	23.05±0.01 a	19.50±0.01 c
持水孔隙Water-holding porosity/%	46.75±0.01 d	52.86±0.01 c	52.55±0.01 c	55.23±0.01 b	61.65±0.01 a
pH	7.56±0.06 a	7.48±0.02 a	7.29±0.04 b	6.95±0.02 c	5.85±0.06 d
EC/(mS·cm^-1)	3.24±0.11 a	2.92±0.01 b	2.73±0.03 c	2.45±0.04 d	0.77±0.01 e
全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg^-1)	3.13±0.31 a	2.88±0.01 a	1.19±0.02 b	1.00±0.07 b	0.30±0.01 c
全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg^-1)	14.40±0.38 a	13.85±0.57 ab	12.16±0.19 bc	10.92±1.20 c	6.55±0.31 d
全钾Total potassium/(g·kg^-1)	17.00±0.53 a	16.60±0.01 a	12.97±0.40 b	10.56±0.73 c	0.17±0.16 d
速效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg^-1)	919.10±21.45 ab	947.11±9.13 a	875.47±6.06 bc	827.62±20.62 c	346.78±25.38 d
速效钾Available potassium/(mg·kg^-1)	2 630.21±57.32 a	2 705.06±24.39 a	2 513.59±16.21 a	2 374.49±58.84 a	1 174.51±245.19 b
碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)	580.07±62.61 a	507.85±5.06 ab	509.48±6.87 ab	470.17±10.32 b	387.92±2.92 c
腐殖酸Humic acid/%	3.16±0.16 e	5.97±0.09 b	3.74±0.16 d	4.40±0.24 c	14.26±0.13 a
有机质Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	151.79±7.36 e	203.61±11.49 d	342.10±7.36 c	417.31±19.04 b	929.09±34.77 a

指标Index	T1	T2	T3	T4	CK
容重Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	0.48±0.02 a	0.45±0.02 ab	0.44±0.02 ab	0.39±0.05 b	0.25±0.02 c
最大含水量Maximum water content/%	54.97±0.07 d	63.45±0.02 c	66.53±0.02 b	75.92±0.02 a	77.70±0.02 a
总孔隙度Total porosity/%	70.11±0.01 c	75.51±0.01 b	73.54±0.01 bc	78.28±0.01 ab	81.15±0.02 a
通气孔隙Aeration porosity/%	23.36±0.01 a	22.65±0.01 ab	20.99±0.01 bc	23.05±0.01 a	19.50±0.01 c
持水孔隙Water-holding porosity/%	46.75±0.01 d	52.86±0.01 c	52.55±0.01 c	55.23±0.01 b	61.65±0.01 a
pH	7.56±0.06 a	7.48±0.02 a	7.29±0.04 b	6.95±0.02 c	5.85±0.06 d
EC/(mS·cm^-1)	3.24±0.11 a	2.92±0.01 b	2.73±0.03 c	2.45±0.04 d	0.77±0.01 e
全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg^-1)	3.13±0.31 a	2.88±0.01 a	1.19±0.02 b	1.00±0.07 b	0.30±0.01 c
全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg^-1)	14.40±0.38 a	13.85±0.57 ab	12.16±0.19 bc	10.92±1.20 c	6.55±0.31 d
全钾Total potassium/(g·kg^-1)	17.00±0.53 a	16.60±0.01 a	12.97±0.40 b	10.56±0.73 c	0.17±0.16 d
速效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg^-1)	919.10±21.45 ab	947.11±9.13 a	875.47±6.06 bc	827.62±20.62 c	346.78±25.38 d
速效钾Available potassium/(mg·kg^-1)	2 630.21±57.32 a	2 705.06±24.39 a	2 513.59±16.21 a	2 374.49±58.84 a	1 174.51±245.19 b
碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)	580.07±62.61 a	507.85±5.06 ab	509.48±6.87 ab	470.17±10.32 b	387.92±2.92 c
腐殖酸Humic acid/%	3.16±0.16 e	5.97±0.09 b	3.74±0.16 d	4.40±0.24 c	14.26±0.13 a
有机质Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	151.79±7.36 e	203.61±11.49 d	342.10±7.36 c	417.31±19.04 b	929.09±34.77 a

处理 Treatment	茄子 Eggplant	辣椒 Chili	番茄 Tomato
T1	20.00±2.00 b	63.30±6.33 b	23.30±2.33 c
T2	72.00±7.20 a	85.00±8.50 ab	68.00±6.80 b
T3	66.00±6.60 a	98.00±9.80 a	76.00±7.60 ab
T4	65.00±6.50 a	84.00±8.40 ab	88.00±8.80 ab
CK	78.00±7.00 a	92.00±9.20 a	96.00±7.43 a

牛粪堆肥替代泥炭用于3种茄科植物育苗的可行性

Feasibility of cow dung compost substituting peat in seedling nursery of three Solanaceae plants

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指标 Index	茄子Eggplant		辣椒Chili		番茄Tomato
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2
容重Bulk density	-0.993	-0.014	-0.993	-0.019	-0.994	-0.016
最大含水量Maximum water content	0.794	-0.515	0.771	0.530	0.802	-0.551
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.853	-0.383	0.832	0.241	0.856	-0.360
通气孔隙Aeration porosity	-0.864	0.063	-0.860	-0.065	-0.861	0.017
持水孔隙Water-holding porosity	0.923	-0.357	0.903	0.238	0.925	-0.324
pH	-0.993	-0.066	-0.995	-0.012	-0.993	-0.057
EC	-0.995	-0.094	-0.997	0.072	-0.993	-0.111
全氮Total nitrogen	-0.896	0.251	-0.888	-0.453	-0.902	0.316
全磷Total phosphorus	-0.994	-0.016	-0.995	-0.077	-0.996	-0.002
全钾Total potassium	-0.985	-0.171	-0.991	0.118	-0.983	-0.183
速效磷Available phosphorus	-0.975	-0.220	-0.984	0.160	-0.973	-0.232
速效钾Available potassium	-0.977	-0.211	-0.986	0.143	-0.975	-0.219
碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen	-0.966	0.219	-0.954	-0.154	-0.968	0.197
腐殖酸Humic acid	0.917	0.030	0.912	-0.255	0.912	0.126
有机质Organic matter	0.953	-0.227	0.944	0.327	0.957	-0.257
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution/%	87.27	96.37	92.64	98.13	88.01	97.26

指标 Index	茄子Eggplant		辣椒Chili		番茄Tomato
指标 Index	r	P	r	P	r	P
容重Bulk density	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
最大含水量Maximum water content	0.600	0.285	0.500	0.391	1.000^**	<0.01
总孔隙度Total porosity	0.700	0.188	0.300	0.624	0.900^*	0.037
通气孔隙Aeration porosity	-0.900^*	0.037	-0.900^*	0.037	-0.700	0.188
持水孔隙Water-holding porosity	0.700	0.188	0.300	0.624	0.900^*	0.037
pH	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
EC	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
全氮Total nitrogen	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
全磷Total phosphorus	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
全钾Total potassium	-0.600	0.285	-0.500	0.391	-1.000^**	<0.01
速效磷Available phosphorus	-0.300	0.624	-0.300	0.624	-0.900^*	0.037
速效钾Available potassium	-0.300	0.624	-0.300	0.624	-0.900^*	0.037
碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen	-0.700	0.188	-0.300	0.624	-0.900^*	0.037
腐殖酸Humic acid	0.900^*	0.037	0.400	0.505	0.700	0.188
有机质Organic matter	0.600	0.285	0.500	0.391	1.000^**	<0.01

[1]	程立巧1，傅庆林2，*，金怡1，吴云峰1. 不同基质对番茄根际微生物、酶活性及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(6): 973-.
[2]	印利梅;礼茜;李红叶. 浙江省茄科蔬菜灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺的抗性[J]. , 2007, 19(2): 0-126.

处理	牛粪堆肥Cow dung compost	泥炭Peat
T1	100	0
T2	75	25
T3	50	50
T4	25	75
CK	0	100

处理	牛粪堆肥Cow dung compost	泥炭Peat
T1	100	0
T2	75	25
T3	50	50
T4	25	75
CK	0	100