农村金融助力乡村振兴——机制分析与效率评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.24

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1558-1570.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.24

• 农业经济与发展 • 上一篇

农村金融助力乡村振兴——机制分析与效率评价

夏龙()

北京农学院文法与城乡发展学院,北京102206

收稿日期:2021-04-09 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-26
作者简介:夏龙(1978—),男,陕西安康人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为农村发展、农村金融。E-mail: sniffle@126.com
基金资助:
北京市社会科学基金决策咨询重大项目(20JCA102)

Rural finance and rural vitalization: mechanism analysis and efficiency evaluation

XIA Long()

College of Humanities and Urban-Rural Development, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2021-04-09 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从乡村振兴“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的总要求出发,梳理农村金融助力乡村振兴的理论机制,并基于2011—2018年的面板数据,通过构建农村金融指数和乡村振兴指数开展实证研究。结果表明,研究期内农村金融和乡村振兴持续推进,但整体发展水平低,区域差异显著。面板随机前沿生产函数估计结果显示,农村金融有助于乡村振兴的实现,但农村金融助力乡村振兴的整体效率不高,分布格局与农村金融扶贫格局一致。基于此,提出农村金融要在助力乡村振兴的过程中,做好从精准扶贫到乡村振兴的有效衔接、发挥主体优势、探索新模式的政策建议。

关键词: 农村金融, 乡村振兴, 机制分析, 效率评价

Abstract:

In the present study, the theoretical mechanism of rural finance on rural vitalization was first outlined according to the general requirements (“thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility,effective governance and prosperity”) of rural vitalization. Then, the composite indexes of rural finance and rural vitalization were constructed, and the impact of rural finance on rural vitalization was empirically studied based on the panel data from 2011 to 2018. It was shown that the development of rural finance and rural vitalization was improved in the study period, but the overall development level was low with regional differences. As revealed by the results of panel stochastic frontier production function, rural finance could promote the realization of rural vitalization, yet the technical efficiency was not high, and the spatial distribution pattern was consistent with that of financial poverty relief. Based on these findings, suggestions were put forward, such as establishing effective link mechanism between poverty alleviation and rural vitalization, taking full advantage of financing institution, exploring new modes, etc.

Key words: rural finance, rural vitalization, mechanism analysis, efficiency evaluation

中图分类号:

夏龙. 农村金融助力乡村振兴——机制分析与效率评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1558-1570.

XIA Long. Rural finance and rural vitalization: mechanism analysis and efficiency evaluation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1558-1570.

图/表 5

表1 乡村振兴评价体系

Table 1 Evaluation system of rural vitalization

一级指标 First level indicators	二级指标 Second level indicators	指标解释 Definition of indicators	方向 Direction
产业兴旺 Thriving businesses	劳均农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity per capita/(10⁸ yuan)	第一产业产值/劳动力投入量 Output value of primary industry/quantity of labor force	+
	农业土地生产率 Agricultural land productivity/(kg·hm^-2)	单位面积粮食产量 Grain yield per unit area	+
	农业人均资本 Agricultural capital per capita/kW	农机总动力/农业人口 Total agriculture machinery power/agricultural population	+
生态宜居 Pleasant living	森林覆盖率 Forest coverage/%	森林面积/土地总面积 Forestry area/total land area	+
environment	单位面积农药使用量 Pesticide usage per unit area/(t·hm^-2)	农药使用量/农田面积 Pesticide usage/farmland area	-
	单位面积化肥施用量 Fertilizer usage per unit area/(t·hm^-2)	化肥施用量/农田面积 Fertilizer usage/farmland area	-
乡风文明 Social etiquette and civility	村均文化基础设施数量 Quantity of cultural infrastructure per village	乡镇文化站/村个数 Quantity of cultural center in town/quantity of villages in town	+
	人均文化生活支出 Cultural life expense per capita/yuan	农村居民家庭人均文教娱乐消费支出 Per capita consumption expenditure on culture, education and entertainment in rural households	+
	文化生活频率 Cultural life frequency	艺术表演团体农村演出场次/村个数 Quantity of cultural performances in town/quantity of villages in town	+
治理有效 Effective governance	社保覆盖率 Social security coverage/%	城乡居民社会养老保险参保人数/农业人口 Number of urban and rural residents covered by social endowment insurance/agricultural population	+
	医疗覆盖率 Medical security coverage	农村每千人口卫生技术人员数 Number of health technicians per 1 000 rural population	+
	卫生条件 Sanitary condition/%	农村卫生厕所普及率 Coverage of sanitary latrine in rural area	+
生活富裕 Prosperity	人均收入水平 Income level per capita/yuan	农村居民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of rural residents	+
	人均消费水平 Consumption level per capita/yuan	农村居民人均消费水平 Per capita consumption level of rural residents	+
	收入差距 Income gap/%	农村居民家庭恩格尔系数 Engel coefficient of rural households	-

表1 乡村振兴评价体系

Table 1 Evaluation system of rural vitalization

一级指标 First level indicators	二级指标 Second level indicators	指标解释 Definition of indicators	方向 Direction
产业兴旺 Thriving businesses	劳均农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity per capita/(10⁸ yuan)	第一产业产值/劳动力投入量 Output value of primary industry/quantity of labor force	+
	农业土地生产率 Agricultural land productivity/(kg·hm^-2)	单位面积粮食产量 Grain yield per unit area	+
	农业人均资本 Agricultural capital per capita/kW	农机总动力/农业人口 Total agriculture machinery power/agricultural population	+
生态宜居 Pleasant living	森林覆盖率 Forest coverage/%	森林面积/土地总面积 Forestry area/total land area	+
environment	单位面积农药使用量 Pesticide usage per unit area/(t·hm^-2)	农药使用量/农田面积 Pesticide usage/farmland area	-
	单位面积化肥施用量 Fertilizer usage per unit area/(t·hm^-2)	化肥施用量/农田面积 Fertilizer usage/farmland area	-
乡风文明 Social etiquette and civility	村均文化基础设施数量 Quantity of cultural infrastructure per village	乡镇文化站/村个数 Quantity of cultural center in town/quantity of villages in town	+
	人均文化生活支出 Cultural life expense per capita/yuan	农村居民家庭人均文教娱乐消费支出 Per capita consumption expenditure on culture, education and entertainment in rural households	+
	文化生活频率 Cultural life frequency	艺术表演团体农村演出场次/村个数 Quantity of cultural performances in town/quantity of villages in town	+
治理有效 Effective governance	社保覆盖率 Social security coverage/%	城乡居民社会养老保险参保人数/农业人口 Number of urban and rural residents covered by social endowment insurance/agricultural population	+
	医疗覆盖率 Medical security coverage	农村每千人口卫生技术人员数 Number of health technicians per 1 000 rural population	+
	卫生条件 Sanitary condition/%	农村卫生厕所普及率 Coverage of sanitary latrine in rural area	+
生活富裕 Prosperity	人均收入水平 Income level per capita/yuan	农村居民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of rural residents	+
	人均消费水平 Consumption level per capita/yuan	农村居民人均消费水平 Per capita consumption level of rural residents	+
	收入差距 Income gap/%	农村居民家庭恩格尔系数 Engel coefficient of rural households	-

图1 农村金融指数的核密度估计

Fig.1 Kernel density estimation of composite index of rural finance

图2 乡村振兴指数的核密度估计

Fig.2 Kernel density estimation of composite index of rural vitalization

表2 农村金融与乡村振兴的面板随机前沿生产函数估计结果

Table 2 Estimation results of rural finance on rural vitalization based on panel stochastic frontier production function

变量 Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	模型6 Model 6	模型7 Model 7
lnF_s	0.207^***	—	—	0.167^***	0.084^**	—	—
	(0.024)			(0.028)	(0.034)
lnF_c	—	0.874^***	—	0.368^**	0.339^**	—	—
		(0.144)		(0.158)	(0.159)
lnF_e	—		0.048^**	0.037^*	0.039^**	—	—
			(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.020)
lnF	—	—	—	—	—	0.264^***	0.116^***
						(0.037)	(0.044)
常数
Constant	-1.177^***	-0.860^***	-0.851^***	-1.027^***	-1.757^***	-0.635^***	-1.555^***
	(0.200)	(0.111)	(0.144)	(0.155)	(0.438)	(0.115)	(0.445)
控制变量	无No	无No	无No	无No	有Yes	无No	有Yes
Control variables
μ	0.531^***	0.382^***	0.436^***	0.466^***	0.459^**	0.445^***	0.469^**
	(0.202)	(0.121)	(0.119)	(0.152)	(0.218)	(0.118)	(0.231)
$σ μ 2 σ μ 2 + σ v 2$	0.710^***	0.625^***	0.700^***	0.695^***	0.645^***	0.713^***	0.638^***
	(0.063)	(0.077)	(0.073)	(0.066)	(0.070)	(0.067)	(0.070)
$σ μ 2$	0.029^***	0.023^***	0.036^***	0.026^***	0.020^***	0.032^***	0.021^***
	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.012)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.010)	(0.006)
Wald	72.130	36.830	4.740	85.510	109.200	50.420	89.200
AIC	-294.062	-262.823	-232.444	-298.389	-308.553	-275.900	-298.513
BIC	-276.495	-245.256	-214.877	-273.795	-273.419	-258.333	-270.406

表2 农村金融与乡村振兴的面板随机前沿生产函数估计结果

Table 2 Estimation results of rural finance on rural vitalization based on panel stochastic frontier production function

变量 Variable	模型1 Model 1	模型2 Model 2	模型3 Model 3	模型4 Model 4	模型5 Model 5	模型6 Model 6	模型7 Model 7
lnF_s	0.207^***	—	—	0.167^***	0.084^**	—	—
	(0.024)			(0.028)	(0.034)
lnF_c	—	0.874^***	—	0.368^**	0.339^**	—	—
		(0.144)		(0.158)	(0.159)
lnF_e	—		0.048^**	0.037^*	0.039^**	—	—
			(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.020)
lnF	—	—	—	—	—	0.264^***	0.116^***
						(0.037)	(0.044)
常数
Constant	-1.177^***	-0.860^***	-0.851^***	-1.027^***	-1.757^***	-0.635^***	-1.555^***
	(0.200)	(0.111)	(0.144)	(0.155)	(0.438)	(0.115)	(0.445)
控制变量	无No	无No	无No	无No	有Yes	无No	有Yes
Control variables
μ	0.531^***	0.382^***	0.436^***	0.466^***	0.459^**	0.445^***	0.469^**
	(0.202)	(0.121)	(0.119)	(0.152)	(0.218)	(0.118)	(0.231)
$σ μ 2 σ μ 2 + σ v 2$	0.710^***	0.625^***	0.700^***	0.695^***	0.645^***	0.713^***	0.638^***
	(0.063)	(0.077)	(0.073)	(0.066)	(0.070)	(0.067)	(0.070)
$σ μ 2$	0.029^***	0.023^***	0.036^***	0.026^***	0.020^***	0.032^***	0.021^***
	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.012)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.010)	(0.006)
Wald	72.130	36.830	4.740	85.510	109.200	50.420	89.200
AIC	-294.062	-262.823	-232.444	-298.389	-308.553	-275.900	-298.513
BIC	-276.495	-245.256	-214.877	-273.795	-273.419	-258.333	-270.406

图3 各省区市2011—2018年农村金融助力乡村振兴的技术效率

Fig.3 Technical efficiency of rural finance on rural vitalization in 31 provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2018

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农村金融助力乡村振兴——机制分析与效率评价

Rural finance and rural vitalization: mechanism analysis and efficiency evaluation

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