五九香梨树不同发育期营养元素需求规律

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1328-1337.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.10

五九香梨树不同发育期营养元素需求规律

徐锴(), 赵德英^*(), 张少瑜, 闫帅, 侯桂学

中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100

收稿日期:2022-07-22 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-07-04
通讯作者: *赵德英,E-mail: zdy8235622@163.com
作者简介:徐锴(1980—),男,辽宁本溪人,硕士,副研究员,从事果树栽培生理研究。E-mail:xukai_308@163.com
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP)

Requirement characteristics of nutrient elements in different development stages of Wujiuxiang pear

XU Kai(), ZHAO Deying^*(), ZHANG Shaoyu, YAN Shuai, HOU Guixue

Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticulture Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruit of Liaoning, Reserch Institute of Pomology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China

Received:2022-07-22 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为给梨树合理施肥提供理论依据,以五九香梨树为试材,在关键发育期进行整株取样,测定植株各部分不同营养元素的含量,计算各营养元素的需求量,研究其需求规律。结果表明,常量元素的年需求比例由高到低依次为氮(N)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)、磷(P)、镁(Mg),微量元素的年需求比例由高到低依次为铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、硼(B)、铜(Cu)。在萌芽开花前和开花坐果期,常量元素需求比例最高的为N,微量元素需求比例最高的为B;在幼果生长期,常量元素需求比例最高的为K,微量元素需求比例最高的为Zn;在缓慢生长期,常量元素需求比例最高的为Ca,微量元素需求比例最高的为Fe;果实采收前和树体休眠前,常量元素需求比例最高的为N,微量元素需求比例最高的为Fe。各元素在不同发育时期的吸收分配比例结果显示,N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu等的最高时期为果实采收前,Fe和Zn的最高时期为缓慢生长期,Mn的最高时期为树体休眠前,B的最高时期为开花坐果期。生产1 t五九香梨果实的营养元素需求量为N 4.26 kg、P 2.64 kg、K 3.03 kg、Ca 3.93 kg、Mg 1.19 kg、Cu 2.02 g、Fe 65.86 g、Zn 23.09 g、Mn 18.03 g、B 18.00 g。

关键词: 五九香梨, 常量元素, 微量元素, 需求规律

Abstract:

To provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization of pear cultivation, Wujiuxiang pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Wujiuxiang) was used as test material, the whole plant samples were taken during critical developmental periods to measure the content of different nutrient elements in various parts of the plant and calculate the demand for each nutrient element, and the requirement characteristics was studied. The results showed that the annual demand ratios of macroelements from high to low were nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), while the annual demand ratios of microelements from high to low were ferrum (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and copper (Cu). Before sprouting, blossom and fruit bearing periods, the highest demand ratio for macroelement was N, and the highest demand ratio for microelement was B. During the fruitlet growth period, the highest ratio for macroelement was K, and the highest ratio of microelement was Zn; During the slow growth period, the highest demand ratio for macroelement was Ca, and the highest demand ratio for microelement was Fe. Before fruit harvest and before dormancy of the tree, the highest demand ratio for macroelement was N, and the highest demand ratio for microelement was Fe. The results of absorption and distribution ratios of nutrient elements at different developmental stages showed that the highest period for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu were before fruit harvest, the highest period of Fe and Zn were the slow growth period, the highest period of Mn was before dormancy of the tree, the highest period of B was blossom and fruit bearing period. The nutrient elecment requirements for producing 1 t fruit of Wujiuxiang pear fruits were N 4.26 kg, P 2.64 kg, K 3.03 kg, Ca 3.93 kg, Mg 1.19 kg, Cu 2.02 g, Fe 65.86 g, Zn 23.09 g, Mn 18.03 g and B 18.00 g.

Key words: Wujiuxiang pear, macroelement, microelement, requirement characteristic

中图分类号:

S661.2

徐锴, 赵德英, 张少瑜, 闫帅, 侯桂学. 五九香梨树不同发育期营养元素需求规律[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1328-1337.

XU Kai, ZHAO Deying, ZHANG Shaoyu, YAN Shuai, HOU Guixue. Requirement characteristics of nutrient elements in different development stages of Wujiuxiang pear[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(6): 1328-1337.

图/表 8

图1 五九香梨树体各营养元素需求比例

Fig.1 Requirement proportion of nutrient elements of WuJiuXiang pear plant

表1 五九香梨不同发育阶段各营养元素的需求比例

Table 1 Requirement proportion of different nutrition elements for Wujiuxiang pear in different development stages

发育阶段Developmental stage	N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg	Fe∶Zn∶Mn∶B∶Cu
萌芽开花前Before Sprout and Blossom	10.00∶5.92∶8.95∶8.19∶3.46	10.00∶1.65∶1.96∶12.57∶0.43
开花坐果期Blossoming and Fruit Bearing Period	10.00∶3.10∶4.83∶6.86∶1.11	10.00∶4.13∶5.01∶13.32∶0.60
幼果生长期Fruitlet growth period	10.00∶9.80∶15.77∶10.85∶2.66	10.00∶10.96∶1.68∶0.26∶0.38
缓慢生长期Slow Growth Period	10.00∶32.78∶27.49∶41.33∶12.38	10.00∶5.49∶2.42∶0.14∶0.15
果实采收前Before Fruit Harvest	10.00∶3.79∶3.82∶5.84∶1.97	10.00∶1.62∶3.15∶0.39∶0.61
树体休眠前Before Dormancy	10.00∶10.90∶10.42∶19.66∶7.06	10.00∶0.56∶2.65∶0.16∶0.12
全年Full year	10.00∶6.19∶7.12∶9.23∶2.78	10.00∶3.51∶2.74∶2.73∶0.31

图2 五九香梨花果中各营养元素的需求比例

Fig.2 Demand ratio of each nutritional element in the blossom and fruit of Wujiuxiang pear

图3 五九香梨叶片中各营养元素的需求比例

Fig.3 Demand ratio of each nutritional element in leaf of Wujiuxiang pear

图4 五九香梨枝条中各营养元素的需求比例

Fig.4 Demand ratio of each nutritional element in branch of Wujiuxiang pear

图5 五九香梨根系中各营养元素的需求比例

Fig.5 Demand ratio of each nutritional element in root of Wujiuxiang pear

图6 单株五九香梨树的营养元素需求量

Fig.6 Nutritional element requirement per Wujiuxiang pear plant

图7 生产1 t五九香梨果实的营养元素需求量

Fig.7 Nutritional element requirement for producing 1 t Wujiuxiang pear pear fruits

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五九香梨树不同发育期营养元素需求规律

Requirement characteristics of nutrient elements in different development stages of Wujiuxiang pear

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