氮肥运筹对旱直播稻地上部微量元素吸收分配的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240412

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 987-997.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240412

氮肥运筹对旱直播稻地上部微量元素吸收分配的影响

刘奇华(), 孙召文, 郑崇珂()

山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,山东济南 250100

收稿日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:刘奇华(1979—),男,山东莱州人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事水稻栽培研究。E-mail:lqhsds@163.com
通讯作者: *郑崇珂,E-mail:zhengck1983@163.com
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2023LZGC021);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021TZXD005);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1201701);山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC003)

Effects of nitrogen management on absorption and allocation of microelements in above-ground parts of dry direct-sowing rice

LIU Qihua(), SUN Zhaowen, ZHENG Chongke()

Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China

Received:2024-05-10 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明氮肥运筹对旱直播稻地上部微量元素吸收利用的影响规律,本研究探讨了氮肥施用时期和施用量对旱直播稻地上部各器官铁、铜、锰、锌4种微量元素吸收转运效率与分配率的影响。采用裂区试验设计,以氮肥施用时期(D1:播种时施用1次,3叶1心期追施1次,7 d后再追施1次,幼穗分化期追施1次;D2:1叶1心期施用1次,3叶1心期追施1次,幼穗分化期追施1次;D3:3叶1心期施用1次,幼穗分化期追施1次)为主区,以施氮量(F1:纯氮350 kg·hm^-2;F2:纯氮297.5 kg·hm^-2;F3:纯氮245 kg·hm^-2)为副区,每个处理重复3次。结果表明,D2处理的叶片铁、铜转运效率显著高于D1、D3处理,铁转运效率分别比D1与D3处理高3.15、8.12百分点,铜转运效率分别比D1与D3处理高7.64、4.57百分点;F2处理的抽穗期叶片铁、锌含量显著高于F1与F3处理;F2处理的叶片与茎鞘的铁、铜、锌转运效率显著高于F1与F3处理。因此,F2处理的穗部铁、铜、锌分配率显著高于F1与F3处理。D1F2处理的穗部铁、锰、锌分配率显著高于其他处理。由此可见,氮肥施用期与施用量均对旱直播稻地上部微量元素的吸收转运分配产生影响。前期氮肥推迟至1叶1心期施用,之后分2次追施的施肥模式有利于叶片铁、铜转运效率的提高;纯氮为297.5 kg·hm^-2有利于旱直播稻抽穗期地上部铁、锌的积累和向穗部的转运与分配;播种时施用氮肥1次之后分3次追施(纯氮297.5 kg·hm^-2)的施肥模式,能够提高旱直播稻成熟期穗部铁、锰、锌的分配率。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 旱直播稻, 微量元素, 吸收, 分配

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen(N) management on micronutrient absorption and utilization in aboveground parts of dry direct-sowing rice, this study examined how nitrogen application time and application rate influence the absorption-translocation efficiency and partition ratio of four microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) in above-ground parts. A split-plot design was adopted with nitrogen application stages as main plots (D1: basal application at sowing followed by topdressing at 3-leaf-1-heart stage, 7 days later, and panicle initiation; D2: initial application at 1-leaf-1-heart stage followed by topdressing at 3-leaf-1-heart stage and panicle initiation; D3: application at 3-leaf-1-heart stage followed by topdressing at panicle initiation) and nitrogen application rate as subplots (F1: 350 kg·hm^-2 pure N; F2: 297.5 kg·hm^-2 pure N; F3: 245 kg·hm^-2 pure N), each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that D2 treatment significantly enhanced Fe and Cu translocation efficiency in leaves compared to D1 and D3 treatments, with Fe efficiency 3.15 and 8.12 percentage points higher, and Cu efficiency 7.64 and 4.57 percentage points higher, respectively. F2 treatment significantly increased Fe and Zn contents in leaves at heading stage compared to F1 and F3. F2 also demonstrated significantly higher Fe, Cu, and Zn translocation efficiency in leaves and leaf sheaths, leading to greater spike partition ratio of these micronutrients. D1F2 combination achieved the highest spike partition ratio for Fe, Mn and Zn. These findings indicated that both nitrogen application time and application rate affect microelements absorption-translocation patterns in dry direct-sowing rice. Delaying initial nitrogen application to 1-leaf-1-heart stage followed by two topdressings enhanced Fe and Cu translocation in leaves. Application rate of 297.5 kg·hm^-2 pure N promoted Fe and Zn accumulation during heading and their subsequent translocation to spikes. The fertilization mode combining basal application at sowing with three subsequent topdressings (297.5 kg·hm^-2 pure N) effectively improves Fe, Mn and Zn distribution rates in spikes at maturity stage.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer management, dry direct-sowing rice, mineral element, absorption, allocation

中图分类号:

S511

刘奇华, 孙召文, 郑崇珂. 氮肥运筹对旱直播稻地上部微量元素吸收分配的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 987-997.

LIU Qihua, SUN Zhaowen, ZHENG Chongke. Effects of nitrogen management on absorption and allocation of microelements in above-ground parts of dry direct-sowing rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 987-997.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	铁转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Fe		铜转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Cu		锰转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Mn		锌转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Zn
处理 Treatment	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath
D1F1	71.89 c	52.74 c	78.43 de	55.64 b	38.39 f	42.64 d	77.56 b	48.89 d
D1F2	81.09 a	68.17 a	80.27 cd	44.00 d	49.96 e	42.86 d	86.10 a	71.21 b
D1F3	65.17 d	35.62 ef	76.10 e	20.46 f	22.90 g	46.09 c	70.25 c	76.56 a
D2F1	71.15 c	36.52 e	81.37 bcd	18.35 f	4.09 h	46.07 c	65.27 d	50.49 d
D2F2	75.54 b	37.91 e	83.81 b	49.47 c	56.02 d	21.40 f	55.34 e	37.25 e
D2F3	80.88 a	22.16 g	92.56 a	62.05 a	71.37 b	52.88 b	70.62 c	14.21 g
D3F1	67.75 d	47.87 d	70.04 f	21.33 f	78.02 a	66.62 a	64.01 d	67.56 c
D3F2	81.51 a	63.29 b	91.91 a	44.18 d	64.09 c	62.81 a	87.30 a	70.67 b
D3F3	53.96 e	33.08 f	82.07 bc	26.90 e	36.48 f	35.90 e	64.38 d	30.31 f
D1	72.71 a	52.17 a	78.27 c	40.03 a	37.08 b	43.86 a	77.97 a	65.55 a
D2	75.86 a	32.20 b	85.91 a	43.29 a	43.83 b	40.12 a	63.74 c	33.98 b
D3	67.74 b	48.08 ab	81.34 b	30.81 b	59.53 a	55.11 a	71.90 b	56.18 a
F1	70.26 b	45.71 a	76.61 b	31.77 a	40.17 b	51.78 a	68.95 b	55.65 a
F2	79.38 a	56.45 a	85.33 a	45.88 a	56.69 a	42.36 a	76.25 a	59.71 a
F3	66.67 b	30.29 b	83.58 a	36.47 a	43.58 b	44.96 a	68.42 b	40.36 b

处理 Treatment	铁转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Fe		铜转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Cu		锰转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Mn		锌转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Zn
处理 Treatment	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath
D1F1	71.89 c	52.74 c	78.43 de	55.64 b	38.39 f	42.64 d	77.56 b	48.89 d
D1F2	81.09 a	68.17 a	80.27 cd	44.00 d	49.96 e	42.86 d	86.10 a	71.21 b
D1F3	65.17 d	35.62 ef	76.10 e	20.46 f	22.90 g	46.09 c	70.25 c	76.56 a
D2F1	71.15 c	36.52 e	81.37 bcd	18.35 f	4.09 h	46.07 c	65.27 d	50.49 d
D2F2	75.54 b	37.91 e	83.81 b	49.47 c	56.02 d	21.40 f	55.34 e	37.25 e
D2F3	80.88 a	22.16 g	92.56 a	62.05 a	71.37 b	52.88 b	70.62 c	14.21 g
D3F1	67.75 d	47.87 d	70.04 f	21.33 f	78.02 a	66.62 a	64.01 d	67.56 c
D3F2	81.51 a	63.29 b	91.91 a	44.18 d	64.09 c	62.81 a	87.30 a	70.67 b
D3F3	53.96 e	33.08 f	82.07 bc	26.90 e	36.48 f	35.90 e	64.38 d	30.31 f
D1	72.71 a	52.17 a	78.27 c	40.03 a	37.08 b	43.86 a	77.97 a	65.55 a
D2	75.86 a	32.20 b	85.91 a	43.29 a	43.83 b	40.12 a	63.74 c	33.98 b
D3	67.74 b	48.08 ab	81.34 b	30.81 b	59.53 a	55.11 a	71.90 b	56.18 a
F1	70.26 b	45.71 a	76.61 b	31.77 a	40.17 b	51.78 a	68.95 b	55.65 a
F2	79.38 a	56.45 a	85.33 a	45.88 a	56.69 a	42.36 a	76.25 a	59.71 a
F3	66.67 b	30.29 b	83.58 a	36.47 a	43.58 b	44.96 a	68.42 b	40.36 b

处理 Treatment	F值F value
	铁转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Fe		铜转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Cu		锰转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Mn		锌转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Zn
	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath
D	9.847^**	4.29^*	27.93^**	2.48	24.90^**	1.75	42.78^**	10.69^**
F	24.74^**	8.70^**	40.00^**	2.23	13.62^**	1.28	15.25^**	5.82^*
D×F	14.41^**	0.52	30.01^**	5.33^**	50.85^**	4.53^**	33.98^**	6.14^**

处理 Treatment	F值F value
	铁转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Fe		铜转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Cu		锰转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Mn		锌转运效率 Translocation efficiency of Zn
	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath	叶片Leaf	茎鞘Sheath
D	9.847^**	4.29^*	27.93^**	2.48	24.90^**	1.75	42.78^**	10.69^**
F	24.74^**	8.70^**	40.00^**	2.23	13.62^**	1.28	15.25^**	5.82^*
D×F	14.41^**	0.52	30.01^**	5.33^**	50.85^**	4.53^**	33.98^**	6.14^**

处理 Treatment	铁分配率Fe partition ratio			铜分配率Cu partition ratio			锰分配率Mn partition ratio			锌分配率Zn partition ratio
处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Sheath	穗 Panicle
D1F1	12.15 b	39.14 c	48.71 bc	4.74 e	19.69 f	75.57 a	42.61 bc	34.48 d	22.91 bc	7.75 bc	30.03 a	62.22 bc
D1F2	11.27 b	36.75 c	51.98 a	5.24 d	23.40 e	71.36 b	34.03 d	40.09 c	25.88 a	5.73 c	23.06 bc	71.21 a
D1F3	12.43 b	42.41 b	45.16 d	7.54 b	29.97 c	62.49 f	44.97 b	32.82 d	22.20 c	11.56 a	19.83 d	68.61 a
D2F1	11.93 b	42.08 b	45.99 cd	6.22 c	28.75 c	65.04 e	44.66 b	33.34 d	22.00 c	8.67 b	21.39 cd	69.94 a
D2F2	12.18 b	47.52 a	40.30 e	6.67 c	24.98 d	68.35 c	29.12 e	51.95 a	18.93 d	11.00 a	24.26 b	64.74 b
D2F3	9.97 c	42.09 b	47.94 bc	4.86 d	28.18 c	66.96 d	31.42 e	43.44 b	25.15 ab	6.61 bc	32.00 a	61.38 c
D3F1	12.21 b	42.80 b	44.99 d	7.49 b	36.31 a	56.20 h	34.09 d	43.31 b	22.59 c	13.63 a	24.40 b	61.97 bc
D3F2	10.99 b	38.43 c	50.58 a	5.39 d	28.08 c	66.53 d	39.71 c	38.38 c	21.91 c	7.17 bc	24.61 b	68.23 a
D3F3	15.13 a	42.87 b	42.00e	9.36 a	31.79 b	58.85 g	51.45 a	33.29 d	15.26 e	12.98 a	30.31 a	56.71 d
D1	11.95 a	39.43 b	48.62 a	5.84 a	24.35 b	69.81 a	40.54 a	35.80 b	23.66 a	8.34 b	24.31 b	67.35 a
D2	11.36 a	43.89 a	44.74 b	5.91 a	27.30 b	66.78 a	35.07 b	42.91 a	22.02 b	8.76 b	25.88 ab	65.35 ab
D3	12.78 a	41.37 a	45.86 b	7.41 a	32.06 a	60.53 a	41.75 a	38.33 b	19.92 c	11.26 a	26.44 a	62.30 b
F1	12.10 a	41.34 a	46.56 a	6.15 a	28.25 a	65.60 b	40.46 a	37.04 b	22.50 a	10.02 a	25.27 ab	64.71 b
F2	11.48 a	40.90 a	47.62 a	5.77 a	25.49 a	68.75 a	34.28 b	43.47 a	22.24 a	7.96 b	23.98 b	68.06 a
F3	12.51 a	42.45 a	45.03 b	7.25 a	29.98 a	62.77 b	42.61 a	36.52 b	20.87 b	10.38 a	27.38 a	62.23 b

氮肥运筹对旱直播稻地上部微量元素吸收分配的影响

Effects of nitrogen management on absorption and allocation of microelements in above-ground parts of dry direct-sowing rice

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