冬水田油菜秸秆还田和氮肥运筹对杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 983-991.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.02

冬水田油菜秸秆还田和氮肥运筹对杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响

黄正(), 张荣萍(), 马鹏, 张琪, 周宁宁, 阿什日轨, 冯婷煜, 周林

西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳 621010

收稿日期:2022-04-18 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-01
作者简介:黄正(1997—),男,四川巴中人,硕士研究生,主要从事水稻高产高效栽培研究。E-mail:1336865778@qq.com
通讯作者: *张荣萍,E-mail:zhzhrrpp@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301706);四川省重点实验室项目(省重实验室2018-重点-05-01)

Effects of rape straw returning in winter paddy field and nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation and yield of hybrid rice

HUANG Zheng(), ZHANG Rongping(), MA Peng, ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Ningning, ASHEN Rigui, FENG Tingyu, ZHOU Lin

School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-04-18 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨川南冬水田油菜秸秆还田下水稻适宜的氮肥运筹方式,开展2因素随机区组试验,研究油菜秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对杂交稻分蘖动态、干物质积累和产量的影响。试验共设置2种秸秆还田方式——秸秆不还田(T1)和秸秆全量还田(T2),4个氮肥处理——不施氮肥的空白对照(N1),以及总施氮量均为150 kg·hm^-2,但其在基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥中的比例分别为5∶3∶2、3∶3∶4、3∶2∶5的N2、N3、N4处理。结果表明:相同的秸秆还田处理下,各施氮处理(N2、N3、N4)对杂交稻最高时期的分蘖数无显著影响。在秸秆不还田的条件下,N3处理可有效提高杂交稻的分蘖成穗率、最高分蘖期到成熟期的干物质积累量、产量。在秸秆还田条件下,成熟期时N2与N3处理的干物质积累量与产量最高,但二者差异不显著。综合分析,冬水田经油菜季栽培种植后,油菜秸秆全量还田配合基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥施用比例5∶3∶2的氮肥运筹,可实现试验条件下的最高产,产量为10.12 t·hm^-2。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮肥运筹, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management for rice under rape straw returning in winter paddy field in southern Sichuan Province, China, a 2-factor randomized block design was adopted in the present study, to reveal the effects of rape straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer management on tillering dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield of hybrid rice. Speicifically, two straw returning methods were set: T1, no straw returning; T2, full straw returning. Four nitrogen treatments were set: N1, no nitrogen fertilizer was used as the blank control; N2-N4, On the basis of 150 kg·hm^-2 N application, the proportion of basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer was 5∶3∶2, 3∶3∶4, and 3∶2∶5, respectively. The results showed that under the same straw returning method, N2, N3, N4 treatments had no significant effect on the tiller number of hybrid rice at the highest stage. Without straw returning, the N3 treatment could effectively improve the spilke rate, dry matter accumulation from the highest tillering stage to the maturity stage, and yield of hybrid rice. With straw returning, the dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage and yield of N2 and N3 treatments were the highest among the four nitrogen treatments, but there was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments. Given straw returning and nitrogen management, the returning of full amount of rape straw coupled with the proportion of N in basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and ear fertilizer as 5∶3∶2, the highest yield of hybrid rice could be achieved under the experiment condition as 10.12 t·hm^-2.

Key words: straw returning, nitrogen fertilizer management, dry matter accumulation, yield

中图分类号:

S511.06

黄正, 张荣萍, 马鹏, 张琪, 周宁宁, 阿什日轨, 冯婷煜, 周林. 冬水田油菜秸秆还田和氮肥运筹对杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 983-991.

HUANG Zheng, ZHANG Rongping, MA Peng, ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Ningning, ASHEN Rigui, FENG Tingyu, ZHOU Lin. Effects of rape straw returning in winter paddy field and nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation and yield of hybrid rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(5): 983-991.

图/表 6

参考文献 32

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秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	不同移栽天数的水稻分蘖数Tiller number after different time of transplanting
秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d
T1	N1	30.92 b	61.11 b	131.67 c	242.41 b	292.96 b	275.62 b
	N2	46.48 a	92.41 a	182.59 b	298.33 a	366.85 a	346.85 a
	N3	43.52 a	95.19 a	193.70 a	302.22 a	363.70 a	348.52 a
	N4	44.63 a	90.56 a	180.00 b	292.78 a	360.74 a	342.65 a
T2	N1	35.00 b	75.93 b	149.63 b	269.63 b	296.48 b	291.23 d
	N2	45.00 a	100.74 a	211.30 a	325.93 a	352.59 a	345.19 a
	N3	41.48 ab	100.37 a	207.22 a	325.19 a	359.63 a	339.38 b
	N4	42.78 ab	96.48 a	197.22 a	317.59 a	359.67 a	332.59 c

秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	不同移栽天数的水稻分蘖数Tiller number after different time of transplanting
秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d
T1	N1	30.92 b	61.11 b	131.67 c	242.41 b	292.96 b	275.62 b
	N2	46.48 a	92.41 a	182.59 b	298.33 a	366.85 a	346.85 a
	N3	43.52 a	95.19 a	193.70 a	302.22 a	363.70 a	348.52 a
	N4	44.63 a	90.56 a	180.00 b	292.78 a	360.74 a	342.65 a
T2	N1	35.00 b	75.93 b	149.63 b	269.63 b	296.48 b	291.23 d
	N2	45.00 a	100.74 a	211.30 a	325.93 a	352.59 a	345.19 a
	N3	41.48 ab	100.37 a	207.22 a	325.19 a	359.63 a	339.38 b
	N4	42.78 ab	96.48 a	197.22 a	317.59 a	359.67 a	332.59 c

秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	移栽后不同时间的水稻相对分蘖速率Relative tillering rate during different time of transplanting
秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	7~14 d	14~21 d	21~28 d	28~35 d	35~42 d
T1	N1	0.098 b	0.111 a	0.087 b	0.027 a	-0.009 d
	N2	0.099 b	0.098 a	0.070 a	0.030 a	-0.008 c
	N3	0.110 a	0.102 a	0.064 a	0.027 a	-0.006 a
	N4	0.100 ab	0.098 a	0.069 a	0.030 a	-0.007 b
T2	N1	0.111 a	0.097 a	0.084 a	0.013 a	-0.002 a
	N2	0.115 a	0.106 a	0.062 b	0.011 a	-0.003 b
	N3	0.126 a	0.104 a	0.064 b	0.014 a	-0.008 c
	N4	0.117 a	0.102 a	0.068 ab	0.018 a	-0.011 d

秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	移栽后不同时间的水稻相对分蘖速率Relative tillering rate during different time of transplanting
秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	7~14 d	14~21 d	21~28 d	28~35 d	35~42 d
T1	N1	0.098 b	0.111 a	0.087 b	0.027 a	-0.009 d
	N2	0.099 b	0.098 a	0.070 a	0.030 a	-0.008 c
	N3	0.110 a	0.102 a	0.064 a	0.027 a	-0.006 a
	N4	0.100 ab	0.098 a	0.069 a	0.030 a	-0.007 b
T2	N1	0.111 a	0.097 a	0.084 a	0.013 a	-0.002 a
	N2	0.115 a	0.106 a	0.062 b	0.011 a	-0.003 b
	N3	0.126 a	0.104 a	0.064 b	0.014 a	-0.008 c
	N4	0.117 a	0.102 a	0.068 ab	0.018 a	-0.011 d

秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	各生育期的地上部干物质量 Dry weight of aboveground part under different growth periood
秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	最高分蘖期 Highest tillering	齐穗期 Full heading	成熟期 Maturity
T1	N1	2.56 c	11.35 c	16.36 d
	N2	3.62 a	13.89 ab	20.24 b
	N3	3.35 b	14.26 a	21.06 a
	N4	3.49 ab	13.64 b	19.00 c
T2	N1	2.62 c	11.14 c	17.03 c
	N2	3.95 a	15.77 a	22.05 a
	N3	3.72 b	15.10 b	21.91 a
	N4	3.85 ab	14.69 b	20.65 b

冬水田油菜秸秆还田和氮肥运筹对杂交稻干物质积累和产量的影响

Effects of rape straw returning in winter paddy field and nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation and yield of hybrid rice

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秸秆还田方式 Straw returning method	氮肥处理 Nitrogen treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗着粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
T1	N1	213.33 d	139.9 c	78.62 b	34.37 a	8.06 d
	N2	227.86 b	145.9 ab	81.05 a	34.53 a	9.30 b
	N3	230.92 a	147.19 a	81.50 a	34.84 a	9.65 a
	N4	223.60 c	142.02 bc	79.71 ab	34.41 a	8.71 c
T2	N1	218.56 c	142.71 c	79.21 b	34.41 a	8.50 c
	N2	232.45 a	150.15 a	83.40 a	34.78 a	10.12 a
	N3	232.24 a	148.24 ab	83.51 a	35.01 a	10.07 a
	N4	226.65 b	145.14 bc	82.25 a	34.67 a	9.38 b

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