膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米植株生长、产量和水分利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221365

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1542-1549.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221365

膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米植株生长、产量和水分利用的影响

雷联()

民乐县洪水河管理处,甘肃民乐 734500

收稿日期:2022-09-20 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-17
作者简介:雷联(1967—),男,甘肃民乐人,学士,高级工程师,研究方向为农业节水灌溉。E-mail:10665558561@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1NA073)

Effects of regulated deficit drip irrigation under film on plant growth, yield and water use of seed-producing maize

LEI Lian()

Administration of Hongshuihe River of Minle County, Minle 734500, Gansu, China

Received:2022-09-20 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探寻不同生育期调亏灌溉对河西走廊绿洲灌区制种玉米产量和水分利用的影响,以充分灌溉(CK)为对照,设置轻度水分亏缺(占田间持水率的60%~70%)、中度水分亏缺(占田间持水率的50%~60%)2个调亏梯度,在制种玉米苗期和拔节期开展不同调亏梯度试验,共6个处理(含CK)。在每个生育期测定制种玉米的叶面积指数和干物质积累量,收获后测定制种玉米的产量及其构成要素。结果表明,苗期轻度调亏处理的产量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率与CK无显著差异(P>0.05),而苗期中度调亏处理、拔节期轻度调亏处理、拔节期中度调亏处理、苗期中度+拔节期轻度调亏处理的产量较CK显著(P<0.05)降低7.07%~23.90%。从提高产量和水分利用效率方面考虑,苗期轻度水分亏缺的调亏方式,即苗期土壤含水量保持在田间持水量的60%~70%,其他生育期保持在70%~80%的方式可作为河西绿洲灌区适宜制种玉米的灌溉方式。

关键词: 调亏灌溉, 制种玉米, 植株生长, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages on the yield and water use efficiency of seed-producing maize in Hexi Corridor, full irrigation (CK) was selected as the control, two deficit adjustment gradients of mild water deficit (accounting for 60%-70% of field capacity) and moderate water deficit (accounting for 50%-60% of field capacity) were set up, and different deficit adjustment gradient tests were carried out at seedling stage and jointing stage. In total, six treatments were set including control. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of maize were measured at each growth stage, and the yield and its components were measured after harvest. It was shown that the yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation water use efficiency of maize under mild water deficit at seedling stage were not significantly higher than those of CK (P>0.05). While, the yield of maize under moderate water deficit at seedling stage, mild water deficit at jointing stage, moderate water deficit at jointing stage, mild water deficit at seedling stage+moderate water deficit at jointing stage was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of CK by 7.07%-23.90%. Given yield and water use efficiency, the regulated irrigation of mild water deficit at seedling stage, i.e. soil water content was maintained at 60%-70% of field capacity at seedling stage and 70%-80% at other growth stages, was suitable in the cultivation of seed-producing maize in the irrigation area of oasis in Hexi Corridor.

Key words: regulated deficit irrigation, seed-producing maize, plant growth, yield

中图分类号:

S513

雷联. 膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米植株生长、产量和水分利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(7): 1542-1549.

LEI Lian. Effects of regulated deficit drip irrigation under film on plant growth, yield and water use of seed-producing maize[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(7): 1542-1549.

图/表 7

参考文献 26

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处理 Treatment	θ/%
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	吐丝期 Silking	灌浆期 Pustulation	成熟期 Maturity
C1	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80
C2	50~60	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80
C3	70~80	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80
C4	70~80	50~60	70~80	70~80	70~80
C5	50~60	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80
CK	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80

处理 Treatment	θ/%
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	吐丝期 Silking	灌浆期 Pustulation	成熟期 Maturity
C1	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80
C2	50~60	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80
C3	70~80	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80
C4	70~80	50~60	70~80	70~80	70~80
C5	50~60	60~70	70~80	70~80	70~80
CK	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80	70~80

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	最大生长速率的出现时间 Time when rea- ching maximum growth rate/d
C1	Y=1 411.733/(1+e^4.693-0.040^t)	0.999	117.33
C2	Y=1 371.785/(1+e^4.767-0.041^t)	0.999	116.27
C3	Y=1 376.125/(1+e^4.765-0.041^t)	0.999	116.22
C4	Y=1 341.141/(1+e^4.831-0.041^t)	0.999	117.83
C5	Y=1 380.160/(1+e^4.744-0.041^t)	0.997	115.71
CK	Y=1 426.173/(1+e^4.708-0.040^t)	0.999	117.70

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	最大生长速率的出现时间 Time when rea- ching maximum growth rate/d
C1	Y=1 411.733/(1+e^4.693-0.040^t)	0.999	117.33
C2	Y=1 371.785/(1+e^4.767-0.041^t)	0.999	116.27
C3	Y=1 376.125/(1+e^4.765-0.041^t)	0.999	116.22
C4	Y=1 341.141/(1+e^4.831-0.041^t)	0.999	117.83
C5	Y=1 380.160/(1+e^4.744-0.041^t)	0.997	115.71
CK	Y=1 426.173/(1+e^4.708-0.040^t)	0.999	117.70

处理 Treatment	果穗长度 Cluster length/cm	行粒数 Kernel number per row	穗行数 Kernel rows	穗粗 Spike diameter/mm	穗重 Ear weight/g	穗轴重 Cob weight/g	产量 Yield/ (kg·hm^-2)
C1	17.20±0.13 b	28.5±0.5 a	14.5±1.1 a	40.07±0.20 a	139.53±1.27 a	14.54±0.35 a	6 986.51±184.49 a
C2	16.80±0.12 c	26.0±1.1 b	12.0±0.7 b	38.77±0.22 bc	134.87±0.42 c	13.37±0.22 b	6 183.51±176.40 bc
C3	16.93±0.11 c	27.5±1.3 a	12.5±0.5 b	39.31±0.12 b	136.04±0.25 bc	13.54±0.25 b	6 303.11±108.48 b
C4	16.55±0.15 d	23.5±0.5 c	10.5±0.3 c	38.16±0.20 c	132.44±0.81 d	12.84±0.19 b	5 984.55±161.44 c
C5	16.05±0.19 e	22.5±0.6 c	10.0±0.7 c	37.37±0.26 d	130.25±0.42 d	12.75±0.09 b	5 161.43±194.94 d
CK	17.45±0.12 a	28.0±0.9 a	14.0±0.9 a	40.37±0.17 a	137.99±0.22 ab	14.99±0.22 a	6 782.56±133.00 a

膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米植株生长、产量和水分利用的影响

Effects of regulated deficit drip irrigation under film on plant growth, yield and water use of seed-producing maize

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处理 Treatment	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/ (kg·m^-3)	灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency/ (kg·m^-3)	耗水强度 Water consumption intensity/ (mm·d^-1)
C1	1.59±0.05 a	2.77±0.05 a	2.94±0.07 ab
C2	1.42±0.02 b	2.49±0.05 b	2.91±0.06 ab
C3	1.45±0.01 b	2.56±0.01 ab	2.90±0.04 ab
C4	1.40±0.03 bc	2.49±0.04 b	2.86±0.02 b
C5	1.30±0.05 c	2.45±0.09 b	2.66±0.02 c
CK	1.50±0.03 ab	2.58±0.09 ab	3.01±0.08 a

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