砂培和土壤栽培对黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240808

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1905-1913.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240808

砂培和土壤栽培对黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响

吴菊¹(), 杨飞¹, 吴国泉¹, 傅贤¹, 徐晨光²^,^*()

¹ 舟山市农业科学研究院, 浙江舟山 316000,
² 舟山市农技推广中心, 浙江舟山 316100

收稿日期:2024-08-01 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:*徐晨光,E-mail:1142473554@qq.com
吴菊(1979—),女,江苏睢宁人,学士,高级农艺师,研究方向为现代农业技术。E-mail:7032249@qq.com
通讯作者: 徐晨光
基金资助:
2024年舟山市基础研究项目(2024C31028)

Effects of sand culture and soil culture on growth, yield, and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

WU Ju¹(), YANG Fei¹, WU Guoquan¹, FU Xian¹, XU Chenguang²^,^*()

¹ Zhoushan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China
² Zhoushan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhoushan 316100, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-08-01 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: XU Chenguang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于物联网和水肥一体化技术,比较砂培和土壤栽培(土培)对黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响。以黄瓜品种津绿秋亮、津绿107、津绿2136、津绿265和中华油亮王为材料,测定砂培和土培条件下5个黄瓜品种的植株农艺性状、果实产量和果实品质指标。结果表明,与土培相比,砂培显著(p<0.05)增加了黄瓜株高,但茎粗方面,土培则表现更优。砂培条件下4个黄瓜品种的小区产量显著高于土培。品质方面,4个黄瓜品种在砂培条件下的蔗糖合成酶活性显著高于土培,3个黄瓜品种的维生素C含量显著低于土培,5个黄瓜品种的可溶性糖含量显著低于土培。矿质元素方面,砂培条件下多数黄瓜品种的镁和钾含量显著低于土培,而锰和铁含量差异不显著。本研究结果为黄瓜现代化栽培技术提供了理论依据。

关键词: 黄瓜, 水肥一体化, 砂培, 土壤栽培, 矿质元素, 产量

Abstract:

Based on internet of things and integrated water-fertilization technology, the effects of sand culture and soil culture on the growth, yield, and quality of cucumber were studied. Using the cucumber varieties Jinlyu Qiuliang, Jinlyu 107, Jinlyu 2136, Jinlyu 265, and Zhonghua Youliangwang as materials, the plant agronomic traits, fruit yield, and fruit quality indicators of these five cultivars were measured under both sand culture and soil culture. The results showed that, compared with soil culture, sand culture significantly (p<0.05) increased plant height; however, soil culture resulted in greater stem diameter. The plot yield of four cucumber cultivars under sand culture was significantly higher than that under soil culture. In terms of quality, sucrose synthase activity was significantly higher in four sand-cultured cucumber cultivars, while vitamin C content was significantly lower in three sand cultured cucumber cultivars, and soluble sugar content was significantly lower in five sand-cultivated cultivars. Regarding mineral elements, the magnesium and potassium content in most cultivars were significantly lower under sand culture, whereas no significant differences were observed in manganese and iron content. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for modern cultivation techniques in cucumber production.

Key words: Cucumis sativus L., integration of fertilizer and water, sand culture, soil culture, mineral element, yield

中图分类号:

S642.2

吴菊, 杨飞, 吴国泉, 傅贤, 徐晨光. 砂培和土壤栽培对黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1905-1913.

WU Ju, YANG Fei, WU Guoquan, FU Xian, XU Chenguang. Effects of sand culture and soil culture on growth, yield, and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1905-1913.

图/表 6

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品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	株高 Plant height/cm	最大叶尺寸 Maximum leaf size/(cm×cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter/cm	叶片数 Leaf number	叶间距 Leaf spacing/cm
津绿秋亮	砂培Sand culture	445.00±0.58 a	31×33 a	1.20±0.01 b	42.0±0.35 a	11.3±0.06 a
Jinlyu Qiuliang	土培Soil culture	420.00±1.73 b	32×33 a	1.30±0.01 a	41.5±0.35 a	10.8±0.06 b
津绿107	砂培Sand culture	452.00±2.31 a	33×33 a	1.20±0.01 b	40.3±0.49 a	12.1±0.45 a
Jinlyu 107	土培Soil culture	425.00±1.16 b	33×34 a	1.40±0.03 a	41.0±0.49 a	11.8±0.12 a
津绿2136	砂培Sand culture	458.00±1.16 a	31×33 a	1.30±0.01 a	42.0±0.70 a	13.0±0.17 a
Jinlyu 2136	土培Soil culture	428.00±1.16 b	33×33 a	1.35±0.02 a	41.0±0.70 a	12.5±0.09 a
中华油亮王	砂培Sand culture	438.00±1.16 a	33×32 a	1.30±0.01 b	43.2±0.49 a	12.3±0.12 a
Zhonghua Youliangwang	土培Soil culture	419.00±1.73 b	34×34 a	1.40±0.01 a	42.5±0.49 a	12.0±0.06 a
津绿265	砂培Sand culture	460.00±0.58 a	32×31 a	1.20±0.01 b	43.3±0.49 a	12.6±0.06 a
Jinlyu 265	土培Soil culture	420.00±1.73 b	33×32 a	1.38±0.01 a	42.6±0.49 a	12.5±0.06 a

品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	株高 Plant height/cm	最大叶尺寸 Maximum leaf size/(cm×cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter/cm	叶片数 Leaf number	叶间距 Leaf spacing/cm
津绿秋亮	砂培Sand culture	445.00±0.58 a	31×33 a	1.20±0.01 b	42.0±0.35 a	11.3±0.06 a
Jinlyu Qiuliang	土培Soil culture	420.00±1.73 b	32×33 a	1.30±0.01 a	41.5±0.35 a	10.8±0.06 b
津绿107	砂培Sand culture	452.00±2.31 a	33×33 a	1.20±0.01 b	40.3±0.49 a	12.1±0.45 a
Jinlyu 107	土培Soil culture	425.00±1.16 b	33×34 a	1.40±0.03 a	41.0±0.49 a	11.8±0.12 a
津绿2136	砂培Sand culture	458.00±1.16 a	31×33 a	1.30±0.01 a	42.0±0.70 a	13.0±0.17 a
Jinlyu 2136	土培Soil culture	428.00±1.16 b	33×33 a	1.35±0.02 a	41.0±0.70 a	12.5±0.09 a
中华油亮王	砂培Sand culture	438.00±1.16 a	33×32 a	1.30±0.01 b	43.2±0.49 a	12.3±0.12 a
Zhonghua Youliangwang	土培Soil culture	419.00±1.73 b	34×34 a	1.40±0.01 a	42.5±0.49 a	12.0±0.06 a
津绿265	砂培Sand culture	460.00±0.58 a	32×31 a	1.20±0.01 b	43.3±0.49 a	12.6±0.06 a
Jinlyu 265	土培Soil culture	420.00±1.73 b	33×32 a	1.38±0.01 a	42.6±0.49 a	12.5±0.06 a

品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	瓜长 Cucumber length/cm	瓜粗 Cucumber diameter/cm	单瓜重 Single cucumber weight/g	商品瓜率 Marketable cucumber rate/%
津绿秋亮Jinlyu Qiuliang	砂培Sand culture	38.50±0.12 a	4.00±0.14 b	362±1 b	92.30±0.09
	土培Soil culture	39.00±0.29 a	4.20±0.14 a	382±1 a	80.30±0.09
津绿107 Jinlyu 107	砂培Sand culture	39.50±0.17 a	4.10±0.07 b	410±1 b	91.30±0.08
	土培Soil culture	40.00±0.23 a	4.20±0.07 a	420±1 a	80.30±0.08
津绿2136 Jinlyu 2136	砂培Sand culture	39.50±0.01 a	4.00±0.07 b	380±2 b	90.30±0.08
	土培Soil culture	40.00±0.58 a	4.10±0.07 a	401±1 a	78.67±0.08
中华油亮王Zhonghua Youliangwang	砂培Sand culture	40.50±0.29 a	4.00±0.07 b	426±2 b	89.67±0.05
	土培Soil culture	40.50±0.29 a	4.10±0.07 a	435±1 a	83.00±0.05
津绿265 Jinlyu 265	砂培Sand culture	37.50±0.29 a	4.00±0.07 b	355±1 b	91.67±0.08
	土培Soil culture	38.00±0.29 a	4.10±0.07 a	365±1 a	80.67±0.08

品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	瓜长 Cucumber length/cm	瓜粗 Cucumber diameter/cm	单瓜重 Single cucumber weight/g	商品瓜率 Marketable cucumber rate/%
津绿秋亮Jinlyu Qiuliang	砂培Sand culture	38.50±0.12 a	4.00±0.14 b	362±1 b	92.30±0.09
	土培Soil culture	39.00±0.29 a	4.20±0.14 a	382±1 a	80.30±0.09
津绿107 Jinlyu 107	砂培Sand culture	39.50±0.17 a	4.10±0.07 b	410±1 b	91.30±0.08
	土培Soil culture	40.00±0.23 a	4.20±0.07 a	420±1 a	80.30±0.08
津绿2136 Jinlyu 2136	砂培Sand culture	39.50±0.01 a	4.00±0.07 b	380±2 b	90.30±0.08
	土培Soil culture	40.00±0.58 a	4.10±0.07 a	401±1 a	78.67±0.08
中华油亮王Zhonghua Youliangwang	砂培Sand culture	40.50±0.29 a	4.00±0.07 b	426±2 b	89.67±0.05
	土培Soil culture	40.50±0.29 a	4.10±0.07 a	435±1 a	83.00±0.05
津绿265 Jinlyu 265	砂培Sand culture	37.50±0.29 a	4.00±0.07 b	355±1 b	91.67±0.08
	土培Soil culture	38.00±0.29 a	4.10±0.07 a	365±1 a	80.67±0.08

品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	得分Score
品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	脆嫩度 Crisp tenderness	果皮厚度 Peel thickness	多汁度 Juiciness degree	风味 Flavor
津绿秋亮Jinlyu Qiuliang	砂培Sand culture	4.7	3.8	4.5	4.1
	土培Soil culture	4.0	4.8	4.1	4.9
津绿107 Jinlyu 107	砂培Sand culture	4.8	3.7	4.6	4.0
	土培Soil culture	4.1	4.7	4.1	4.8
津绿2136 Jinlyu 2136	砂培Sand culture	4.8	3.5	4.7	4.1
	土培Soil culture	4.0	4.7	4.0	4.9
中华油亮王Zhonghua Youliangwang	砂培Sand culture	4.8	3.6	4.8	4.2
	土培Soil culture	4.1	4.9	4.1	4.9
津绿265 Jinlyu 265	砂培Sand culture	4.9	3.5	4.9	4.0
	土培Soil culture	4.2	4.6	4.2	4.8

砂培和土壤栽培对黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响

Effects of sand culture and soil culture on growth, yield, and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

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品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	单株结果数 Number of fruits per plant	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg	小区产量 Plot yield/kg
津绿秋亮	砂培Sand culture	11.50±0.71 a	4.16±0.04 a	524.16±0.58 a
Jinlyu Qiuliang	土培Soil culture	10.50±0.71 b	4.01±0.03 b	505.26±0.58 b
津绿107	砂培Sand culture	11.00±0.71 a	4.51±0.02 a	568.26±1.15 a
Jinlyu 107	土培Soil culture	10.00±0.71 b	4.20±0.06 b	529.20±0.46 b
津绿2136	砂培Sand culture	10.30±0.57 a	3.91±0.03 a	492.66±0.90 a
Jinlyu 2136	土培Soil culture	9.50±0.57 b	3.81±0.03 a	480.06±2.89 b
中华油亮王	砂培Sand culture	10.50±0.21 a	4.46±0.03 a	563.22±0.70 a
Zhonghua Youliangwang	土培Soil culture	10.20±0.21 a	4.44±0.01 a	559.44±0.83 b
津绿265	砂培Sand culture	10.50±0.21 a	3.73±0.01 a	469.98±0.01 a
Jinlyu 265	土培Soil culture	10.20±0.21 a	3.72±0.04 a	468.72±1.15 a

品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	矿质元素含量Mineral element content
品种 Cultivar	栽培方式 Cultivation method	Mg	K	Ca	Mn	Fe
津绿秋亮	砂培Sand culture	71.97±4.92 b	1 369.70±93.67 b	120.23±9.98 a	0.27±0.03 a	0.09±0.05
Jinlyu Qiuliang	土培Soil culture	98.57±3.74 a	1 876.08±71.22 a	94.21±1.33 b	0.25±0.02 a	—
津绿107	砂培Sand culture	70.82±1.30 b	1 347.83±15.32 b	76.29±3.28 b	0.27±0.05 a	—
Jinlyu107	土培Soil culture	88.58±1.07 a	1 685.91±20.39 a	89.03±3.74 a	0.26±0.01 a	0.23±0.14
津绿2136	砂培Sand culture	69.85±0.79 b	1 329.34±14.93 b	72.09±3.86 b	0.38±0.03 a	—
Jinlyu2136	土培Soil culture	88.06±1.82 a	1 676.01±34.72 a	81.57±2.19 a	0.36±0.01 a	—
中华油亮王	砂培Sand culture	75.79±1.26 b	1 442.54±23.42 b	99.43±2.09 a	0.57±0.02 a	0.21±0.11
Zhonghua Youliangwang	土培Soil culture	90.08±0.38 a	1 708.20±7.57 a	73.76±7.70 b	0.31±0.01 b	—
津绿265	砂培Sand culture	75.61±3.13 a	1 439.11±59.52 a	117.34±1.79 a	0.29±0.05 a	0.17±0.01 a
Jinlyu 265	土培Soil culture	76.49±2.57 a	1 473.88±48.35 a	94.31±0.66 a	0.34±0.05 a	0.03±0.03 b

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