高、低含油量油菜品种的产量、品质和氮利用效率对施氮量的响应差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240387

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 998-1008.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240387

高、低含油量油菜品种的产量、品质和氮利用效率对施氮量的响应差异

董智超(), 岳宁燕, 吕魏, 余晓燚, 郑凯文, 宋海星, 陈海飞()

湖南农业大学资源学院,南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙 410128

收稿日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:董智超(1998—),男,河南洛阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事油菜氮高效利用研究。E-mail:1759751879@qq.com
通讯作者: *陈海飞,E-mail: chenhaifei@hunau.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖南省教育厅重点项目(22A0157)

Differential responses of yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen application rate in high- and low-oil content rapeseed varieties

DONG Zhichao(), YUE Ningyan, LYU Wei, YU Xiaoyi, ZHENG Kaiwen, SONG Haixing, CHEN Haifei()

Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resource, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received:2024-04-29 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为比较高、低含油量油菜品种的产量、品质和氮利用效率对施氮量的响应差异,以高、低含油量油菜品种E01和E08为材料开展大田试验。共设置5个氮处理(N0、N60、N180、N240、N360,分别代表纯氮为0、60、180、240、360 kg·hm^-2),在油菜成熟期调查并测定产量、总氮含量和含油量等相关指标,计算氮利用效率和产油量。结果表明,E01的产量和氮利用效率相关指标均显著高于E08。尽管施用氮肥显著降低了高含油量品种E01的籽粒含油量,但施氮对E01的增产效应远高于对其籽粒油分的抑制效应,因此,其产油量和蛋白质产量显著高于E08。当施氮量分别为245 kg·hm^-2和227 kg·hm^-2时,高、低含油量油菜品种E01和E08分别达到其产油量的最大值1 316 kg·hm^-2和602 kg·hm^-2。综合分析,在相同施氮量下高含油量油菜品种E01具有更高的产油量和氮利用效率,更有利于油菜氮高效利用。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 施肥量, 产量, 产油量, 氮利用效率

Abstract:

To compare the differences in yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) responses to nitrogen (N) application rate between high-and low-oil content rapeseed varieties, a field experiment was conducted using high-oil content variety E01 and low-oil content variety E08. Five N treatments (N0, N60, N180, N240, N360, representing 0, 60, 180, 240, and 360 kg·hm^-2 of pure N, respectively) were applied. Yield, total nitrogen content, oil content, and related indicators were measured at maturity, and NUE and oil yield were calculated. The results showed that the yield and NUE-related parameters of E01 were significantly higher than those of E08. Although N application significantly reduced the seed oil content of the high-oil content variety E01, the yield-enhancing effect of N on E01 far outweighed its inhibitory effect on oil content, resulting in significantly higher oil yield and protein yield in E01 compared to E08. Additionally, the maximum oil yields of 1 316 kg·hm^-2 and 602 kg·hm^-2 were achieved for E01 and E08 at N application rates of 245 kg·hm^-2 and 227 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicated that under the same N application rate, the high-oil content variety E01 exhibited higher oil yield and NUE, demonstrating greater potential for high efficiency nitrogen utilization in rapeseed production.

Key words: Brassica napus L., fertilization amount, yield, oil yield, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S129

董智超, 岳宁燕, 吕魏, 余晓燚, 郑凯文, 宋海星, 陈海飞. 高、低含油量油菜品种的产量、品质和氮利用效率对施氮量的响应差异[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 998-1008.

DONG Zhichao, YUE Ningyan, LYU Wei, YU Xiaoyi, ZHENG Kaiwen, SONG Haixing, CHEN Haifei. Differential responses of yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen application rate in high- and low-oil content rapeseed varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 998-1008.

图/表 6

表1 油菜产量构成因子对施氮量的响应

Table 1 Responses of yield components of rapeseed to nitrogen application rate

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatment	单株角果数 Number of siliques per plant	每角果粒数 Seed number per silique	千粒重 1 000-seed weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
E01	N0	117.8±8.4 e^**	25.6±0.88 a^**	4.042 6±0.212 8 a	630.27±31.00 e^**
	N60	199.0±13.8 d^**	25.0±0.58 a^**	4.108 9±0.214 6 a	1 180.33±33.00 d^**
	N180	255.2±3.4 c^**	25.5±0.42 a^**	4.317 4±0.193 2 a	2 248.47±18.00 c^**
	N240	294.8±21.6 b^**	25.5±0.83 a^**	4.249 3±0.076 6 a	2 651.80±593.00 b^**
	N360	334.0±19.5 a^**	26.3±4.20 a^**	4.130 8±0.130 8 a	2 942.13±553.00 a^**
E08	N0	86.6±11.7 d	18.4±2.01 ab	5.475 8±0.128 5 b^**	497.60±30.00 e
	N60	99.2±11.3 d	19.3±1.42 a	5.302 8±0.237 4 b^**	781.47±27.00 d
	N180	181.4±17.1 c	19.4±1.82 a	5.774 2±0.367 0 ab^**	1 193.13±26.00 c
	N240	235.2±31.1 b	18.0±1.48 ab	6.137 1±0.028 5 a^**	1 279.40±48.00 b
	N360	276.6±24.5 a	16.9±1.40 b	5.357 2±0.627 8 b^*	1 601.20±69.34 a

图1 不同施氮量下油菜的收获指数和干物质占比柱上无相同小写字母代表同一品种不同氮肥处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05),“*”和“**”分别代表同一施氮量下不同品种间差异达显著水平(P<0.05)和极显著水平(P<0.01)。下同。

Fig.1 The harvest index and dry matter ratio of rapeseed under different nitrogen application rates Data marked without the same lowercase letter indicated the difference between different nitrogen fertilizer treatments of the same variety reaches 0.05 significant level, “*” and “**” represented the difference between different varieties under the same nitrogen application reaches 0.05 and 0.01 significant level. The same as below.

图2 不同施氮量下油菜的氮含量和氮利用效率

Fig.2 Nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency of rapeseed under different nitrogen application rates

图3 不同施氮量下油菜籽粒的含油量、蛋白质含量及其产量

Fig.3 Oil content, protein content and yield of rapeseed under different nitrogen application rates

图4 施氮量与油菜籽粒的产量、品质性状之间的相关性分析 A,高含油量品种E01;B,低含油量品种E08。“*” “**”和“***”分别代表横行与竖列间在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。

Fig.4 Correlation analysis between nitrogen application rate and yield and quality traits of rapeseed A, High-oil content variety E01; B, Low-oil content variety E08. “*” ‘**' and ‘***' represent significant differences between horizontal and vertical rows and columns at the 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively.

图5 油菜籽粒的产量、产油量与施肥量的线性方程

Fig.5 The linear equation of yield, oil yield of rapeseed and fertilizer application rate

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高、低含油量油菜品种的产量、品质和氮利用效率对施氮量的响应差异

Differential responses of yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen application rate in high- and low-oil content rapeseed varieties

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