秸秆覆盖对土壤水热肥及蟠桃产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240689

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1924-1932.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240689

秸秆覆盖对土壤水热肥及蟠桃产量和品质的影响

朱为静¹(), 吴佳¹, 洪春来¹, 朱凤香¹, 洪磊东¹, 张涛¹, 张硕², 诸惠芬³^,^*()

¹ 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 浙江杭州 310021
² 宁波市农业农村绿色发展中心, 浙江宁波 315012
³ 余姚市马渚镇农业农村办公室, 浙江余姚 315400

收稿日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:*诸惠芬,E-mail:15957444315@163.com
朱为静(1989—),女,湖北仙桃人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事废弃物资源化利用研究。E-mail:zhuweijing@zaas.ac.cn
通讯作者: 诸惠芬
基金资助:
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2024SNJF078);宁波市科技局公益类科技计划(2021S023)

Effects of straw mulching on water, heat, fertility status of soil and yield and quality of flat peach

ZHU Weijing¹(), WU Jia¹, HONG Chunlai¹, ZHU Fengxiang¹, HONG Leidong¹, ZHANG Tao¹, ZHANG Shuo², ZHU Huifen³^,^*()

¹ Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
² Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China
³ Agriculture and Rural Affairs Office of Mazhu Town, Yuyao City, Yuyao 315400, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-07-26 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: ZHU Huifen

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究秸秆覆盖对果园土壤水热条件、理化性状及果实产量和品质的影响,以宁波地区栽种的玉露蟠桃为研究对象,于2021—2023年进行连续两年的桃园秸秆覆盖和不覆盖大区试验。结果表明,秸秆覆盖可有效调控土壤温度,使2022年1月和2月的土壤(20 cm深处)平均温度分别提升1.9、3.1 ℃,3月和4月的土壤平均温度分别降低1.3、0.7 ℃,同时提升土壤平均湿度。在2023年,秸秆覆盖处理的土壤有效磷含量较不覆盖相比显著(p<0.05)增加190.26%,但电导率和碱解氮含量分别显著降低29.93%和7.82%。秸秆覆盖显著提高了2022年的蟠桃产量,增幅为14.55%,改善了蟠桃果实品质,维生素C和可溶性糖含量较不覆盖的处理分别显著提高了23.76%和5.75%。相关分析结果表明,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量是蟠桃产量和品质的主要影响因子。综上,秸秆覆盖能有效改善土壤温湿度和肥力状况,促进根系对养分元素的吸收,从而提升蟠桃产量和品质。

关键词: 秸秆覆盖, 土壤温度, 土壤湿度, 土壤理化性状, 蟠桃产量, 蟠桃品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of straw mulching on water, heat conditions and physiochemical properties of soil, as well as fruit yield and quality in orchards, flat peach variety Yulu in Ningbo of China was taken as the research object, and a field experiment with straw mulching and non-mulching in peach orchards was carried out for two consecutive years during 2021-2023. The results showed that straw mulching could regulate the soil temperature in 20 cm depth, as it increased the average soil temperature by 1.9 and 3.1 ℃ in January and February of 2022, yet decreased the average soil temperature by 1.3 and 0.7 ℃ in March and April of 2022. Besides, straw mulching increased the average soil moisture content. In 2023, straw mulching significantly (p<0.05) increased soil available phosphorus content by 190.26% as compared with the non-mulching treatment, yet the soil electrical conductivity and available nitrogen content decreased significantly by 29.93% and 7.82%, respectively. In 2022, straw mulching significantly increased the yield of flat peach by 14.55%, and improved the fruit quality, as the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of flat peach were significantly increased by 23.76% and 5.75%, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main factors affecting the yield and quality of flat peach. In summary, straw mulching could effectively regulate the soil temperature, moisture content and fertility to a more suitable status for the growth of flat peach, promote the absorption of nutrient elements by roots, thereby improving the yield and quality of flat peach.

Key words: straw mulching, soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil physiochemical property, yield of flat peach, quality of flat peach

中图分类号:

S158
S662.1

朱为静, 吴佳, 洪春来, 朱凤香, 洪磊东, 张涛, 张硕, 诸惠芬. 秸秆覆盖对土壤水热肥及蟠桃产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1924-1932.

ZHU Weijing, WU Jia, HONG Chunlai, ZHU Fengxiang, HONG Leidong, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Shuo, ZHU Huifen. Effects of straw mulching on water, heat, fertility status of soil and yield and quality of flat peach[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1924-1932.

图/表 7

图1 秸秆覆盖处理的现场照片

Fig.1 Field photo of straw mulching

图2 不同处理土壤(20 cm深)的温度变化

Fig.2 Dynamic of temperature in soil (20 cm depth) under treatments

图3 不同处理土壤(20 cm深)的湿度变化

Fig.3 Dynamic of moisture content in soil (20 cm depth) under treatments

图4 不同处理表层(0~20 cm)土壤的理化性质柱上无相同大、小写字母的分别表示2023、2022年处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.4 Physical and chemical properties of surface (0-20 cm) soil under treatments Bars marked without the same uppercase or lowercase letter indicate significant difference at p<0.05 between treatments in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The same as below.

图5 不同处理的蟠桃产量

Fig.5 Yield of flat peach under treatments

表1 2022年不同处理的蟠桃果实品质

Table 1 Fruit quality of flat peach under treatments in 2022

处理	可溶性固形物含量	维生素C含量	可溶性糖含量	总酸含量	糖酸比
Treatment	Soluble solid content/%	Vitamin C content/ (mg·kg^-1)	Soluble sugar content/ (g·kg^-1)	Total acid content/ (g·kg^-1)	Sugar-acid ratio
CK	15.00±0.62 a	115.3±9.1 b	121.7±2.9 b	3.10±0.09 a	3.93±0.21 a
SM	15.60±0.26 a	142.7±5.7 a	128.7±1.5 a	3.00±0.43 a	4.29±0.64 a

表2 土壤理化性状与蟠桃产量和品质指标的相关性

Table 2 Correlation of yield and quality indexes of flat peach with soil physical and chemical properties

指标Index	Y	SSM	V_C	SS	TA	SAR
pH值pH value	0.752	0.414	0.384	0.553	-0.334	0.505
EC	-0.285	0.113	0.127	0.003	-0.138	0.058
OM	-0.645	-0.461	-0.830^*	-0.675	0.569	-0.682
TN	-0.851^*	-0.555	-0.847^*	-0.800	0.383	-0.595
AN	-0.819^*	-0.500	-0.976^**	-0.805	0.348	-0.567
AP	-0.449	-0.174	-0.452	-0.396	-0.608	0.323
AK	0.644	0.380	0.319	0.481	-0.318	0.442

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秸秆覆盖对土壤水热肥及蟠桃产量和品质的影响

Effects of straw mulching on water, heat, fertility status of soil and yield and quality of flat peach

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