秸秆覆盖和绿肥种植对丘陵茶园氮磷流失的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 903-912.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.17

秸秆覆盖和绿肥种植对丘陵茶园氮磷流失的影响

俞巧钢¹(), 姜铭北², 孙万春¹, 黄郑宸¹^,³, 王峰¹, 王强¹, 马军伟¹^,^*()

1.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.淳安县农业农村发展服务中心,浙江淳安 311700
3.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2022-06-01 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-05-05
通讯作者: ^*马军伟,E-mail:majw111@126.com
作者简介:俞巧钢(1973—),男,浙江永康人,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤肥料与农业环境保护相关研究。E-mail:yqganghzzj@sina.com
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2020C02030);浙江省科技创新领军人才项目(2021R52045);国家自然科学基金(31672234)

Effects of straw mulching and green manure planting on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in hilly tea garden

YU Qiaogang¹(), JIANG Mingbei², SUN Wanchun¹, HUANG Zhengchen¹^,³, WANG Feng¹, WANG Qiang¹, MA Junwei¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Agriculture and Rural Development Service Center of Chun’an County, Chun’an 311700, Zhejiang, China
3. College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2022-06-01 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用野外天然降水径流监测试验,研究以千岛湖库区为代表的南方丘陵茶园的氮磷养分流失特征,以及覆盖秸秆和种植绿肥(鼠茅草,Vulpia myuros)对土壤氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明,试验区茶园的降水径流主要产生在1—9月,其中,3—7月产流量较大,6月氮磷流失量最高。与常规种植处理相比,茶园覆盖秸秆和种植绿肥处理的径流水量分别显著(P<0.05)减少51.4%和62.0%,泥沙流失量分别显著(P<0.05)减少63.6%和75.8%。硝态氮是茶园土壤无机氮流失的主要形态,总氮的流失量高于总磷。茶园覆盖秸秆和种植绿肥的处理下,土壤氮磷径流流失量较常规种植处理大幅减少,铵态氮流失总量分别显著(P<0.05)下降68.6%和79.4%,硝态氮流失总量分别显著(P<0.05)下降66.2%和75.8%,总氮流失总量分别显著(P<0.05)下降63.4%和75.9%,总磷流失总量分别显著(P<0.05)下降60.7%和72.2%。此外,采用覆盖秸秆和种植绿肥的措施还可提高土壤养分含量,增加茶叶产量,是适于南方丘陵茶园的生态环境友好型耕作模式。

关键词: 氮磷流失, 径流, 丘陵茶园, 秸秆覆盖, 鼠茅草

Abstract:

In the present study, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss in hilly tea gardens in southern China, which was represented by Qiandaohu Reservoir area, and the effects of green manure (Vulpia myuros) planting and straw mulching on soil nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss were studied by natural rainfall and runoff monitoring experiment. The results showed that the water runoff mainly occurred from January to September, and the water runoff was relatively larger from March to July. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus losses were recorded in June. Compared with the convensional mode, straw mulching and green manure planting significantly (P<0.05) reduced the amount of runoff water by 51.4% and 62.0%, respectively, and soil sediment loss by 63.6% and 75.8%, respectively. Nitrate nitrogen was the main form of inorganic nitrogen loss, and total nitrogen loss was higher than total phosphorus loss in the tea garden runoff. Compared with the conventional mode, straw mulching and green manure planting significantly (P<0.05) reduced the amount of ammonium nitrogen loss in runoff water by 68.6% and 79.4%, respectively, nitrate nitrogen loss by 66.2% and 75.8%, respectively, total nitrogen loss by 63.4% and 75.9%, respectively, total phosphorus loss by 60.7% and 72.2%, respectively.Besidess, straw mulching and green manure planting could enhance soil fertility and increase tea yield, thus is suitable for the ecological environment protection of tea garden in the hilly areas of southern China.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus loss, runoff, hilly tea garden, straw mulching, Vulpia myuros

中图分类号:

S157.2

俞巧钢, 姜铭北, 孙万春, 黄郑宸, 王峰, 王强, 马军伟. 秸秆覆盖和绿肥种植对丘陵茶园氮磷流失的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(4): 903-912.

YU Qiaogang, JIANG Mingbei, SUN Wanchun, HUANG Zhengchen, WANG Feng, WANG Qiang, MA Junwei. Effects of straw mulching and green manure planting on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in hilly tea garden[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 903-912.

图/表 12

参考文献 26

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处理 Treatment	径流水量 Runoff water/ (m³·hm^-2)	泥沙流失量 Sediment loss/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	764.5 a	36.5 a
JG	371.8 b	13.3 b
LF	290.7 c	8.8 c

处理 Treatment	径流水量 Runoff water/ (m³·hm^-2)	泥沙流失量 Sediment loss/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	764.5 a	36.5 a
JG	371.8 b	13.3 b
LF	290.7 c	8.8 c

处理 Treatment	各月的铵态氮径流流失量Runoff loss of ammonium nitrogen in different month
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
CK	0.013 a	0.011 a	0.204 a	0.122 a	0.039 a	0.438 a	0.099 a	0.075 a	0.016 a
JG	0.003 b	0.003 b	0.053 b	0.039 b	0.012 b	0.117 b	0.035 b	0.046 ab	0.011 a
LF	0.004 b	0.004 b	0.032 c	0.024 c	0.008 c	0.071 b	0.022 b	0.036 b	0.009 a

处理 Treatment	各月的铵态氮径流流失量Runoff loss of ammonium nitrogen in different month
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
CK	0.013 a	0.011 a	0.204 a	0.122 a	0.039 a	0.438 a	0.099 a	0.075 a	0.016 a
JG	0.003 b	0.003 b	0.053 b	0.039 b	0.012 b	0.117 b	0.035 b	0.046 ab	0.011 a
LF	0.004 b	0.004 b	0.032 c	0.024 c	0.008 c	0.071 b	0.022 b	0.036 b	0.009 a

处理 Treatment	各月的硝态氮径流流失量Runoff loss of nitrate nitrogen in different month
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
CK	0.253 a	0.219 a	0.343 a	0.850 a	0.235 a	1.862 a	0.220 a	0.100 a	0.079 a
JG	0.078 b	0.100 b	0.116 b	0.271 b	0.089 b	0.562 b	0.061 b	0.065 b	0.064 ab
LF	0.098 b	0.050 c	0.084 c	0.185 c	0.057 c	0.396 c	0.035 b	0.051 b	0.048 b

秸秆覆盖和绿肥种植对丘陵茶园氮磷流失的影响

Effects of straw mulching and green manure planting on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in hilly tea garden

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参考文献 26

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处理 Treatment	各月的总氮径流流失量Runoff loss of total nitrogen in different month
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
CK	0.409 a	0.295 a	0.470 a	1.198 a	0.574 a	2.841 a	0.337 a	0.207 a	0.107 a
JG	0.083 b	0.122 b	0.184 b	0.397 b	0.176 b	1.067 b	0.116 b	0.132 ab	0.082 ab
LF	0.119 b	0.086 b	0.124 c	0.216 c	0.096 b	0.641 c	0.087 c	0.105 b	0.074 b

处理 Treatment	各月的总磷径流流失量Runoff loss of total phosphorus in different month
处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
CK	0.024 a	0.017 a	0.023 a	0.105 a	0.072 a	0.139 a	0.030 a	0.031 a	0.013 a
JG	0.009 b	0.004 b	0.007 b	0.040 b	0.030 b	0.058 b	0.012 b	0.012 b	0.006 b
LF	0.013 b	0.002 b	0.004 b	0.024 c	0.020 c	0.042 c	0.010 b	0.007 b	0.005 b

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total N/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis N/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	产量(鲜重) Yield (fresh weight)/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	2.47 b	184 b	262 b	249 c	53.7 b	971.7 b
JG	2.83 a	200 ab	290 a	296 a	59.3 a	1 034.6 a
LF	2.91 a	208 a	297 a	273 b	58.1 a	1 018.4 a

指标Index	AN	NN	TN	TP
径流水量	0.857^**	0.861^**	0.894^**	0.899^**
Water runoff
AN		0.832^**	0.878^**	0.707^**
NN			0.984^**	0.898^**
TN				0.891^**

指标Index	SAN	SAP	SAK	SOM	WR	SL	TN	TP
STN	0.987	0.999^*	0.776	0.931^*	-1.000^**	-1.000^*	-1.000^*	-1.000^*
SAN		0.993	0.664	0.859	-0.985^*	-0.983^*	-0.984^*	-0.983^*
SAP			0.750	0.915	-0.999^*	-0.999^*	-0.998^*	-0.998^*
SAK				0.953^*	-0.783	-0.789	-0.786	-0.790
SOM					-0.934	-0.937	-0.936	-0.938
WR						1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^**
SL							1.000^**	1.000^**
TN								1.000^**

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