麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231437

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 1-13.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231437

麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响

韩笑(), 刘旭杰, 石吕, 张晋, 单海勇, 石晓旭, 严旖旎, 刘建, 薛亚光^*()

江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,南通市循环农业重点实验室,江苏南通 226001

收稿日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
作者简介:韩笑(1995—),女,江苏南通人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事作物栽培学与耕作学研究。E-mail:958355386@qq.com
通讯作者: *薛亚光,E-mail:xiaoqiyaguang@126.com
基金资助:
南通市科技计划项目(MS22022095);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300903-02)

Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field

HAN Xiao(), LIU Xujie, SHI Lyu, ZHANG Jin, SHAN Haiyong, SHI Xiaoxu, YAN Yini, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang^*()

Nantong Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City, Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-12-22 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究麦秸行间集覆还田下氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响,以长江中下游地区大面积种植的南粳9108和南粳5055为材料,等行距移栽下设置2种氮肥处理模式,即不施氮(T1)和当地习惯施氮量(速效氮肥,T2),在麦秸行间集覆还田宽窄行移栽下设置4种施肥模式,即当地习惯施氮量(速效氮肥,T3)、减氮10%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T4)、减氮20%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T5)、减氮30%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T6)。结果表明,宽窄行移栽较等行距移栽提高水稻产量,两个品种平均增产3.30%。相同移栽方式下,减氮10%会使两个品种水稻的有效穗数显著(P<0.05)降低,但仍能维持较高的产量;减氮20%~30%条件下,水稻产量能够稳定在江苏省内平均单产水平。减氮10%~20%能够改善稻米的外观品质。南粳9108和南粳5055分别在减氮30%和减氮10%~20%处理下有最高的食味值。氮肥减量下,两个品种水稻的氮肥吸收利用率均有所提高,南粳9108和南粳5055分别在减氮20%和减氮10%处理下氮肥吸收利用率最高。综上,麦秸行间集覆还田下,控释氮肥与尿素配施并减少10%~20%的施氮量能够获得较高的氮素吸收利用率和较优的稻米品质,同时实现减氮稳产和提质增效的目标。

关键词: 麦秸行间集覆还田, 氮肥减施, 水稻, 产量, 品质, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield, quality, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw betweem rows for returning to the field, rice varieties of Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055, which were widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, were used as test materials in the present study. Two nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up under equal row spacing transplantation, namely, no nitrogen application (T1) and local customary nitrogen application rate (quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T2). Four fertilization treatments were set up under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field and the transplanting of wide and narrow rows, namely, local customary nitrogen application rate (quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T3), nitrogen reduction rate of 10% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T4), nitrogen reduction rate of 20% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T5), and nitrogen reduction rate of 30% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T6). The results showed that the transplanting of wide and narrow rows could increase rice yield compared to the transplanting with equal row spacing, with an average yield increase of 3.30% for both varieties. Under the same transplanting mode, reducing nitrogen by 10% significantly (P<0.05) reduced the effective panicles, yet maintained high yield. Reducing nitrogen by 20%-30% could stabilize the rice yield at the average level of Jiangsu Province. Reducing nitrogen by 10%-20% could improve the appearance quality of rice. Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 got the highest taste value with the nitrogen reduciton rate of 30% and 10%-20%, respectively. The reduction of nitrogen rate resulted in an increase in the recovery efficiency of nitrogen (RE_N) of both rice varieties. The highest RE_N for Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 was found with the nitrogen reduction rate of 20% and 10%, respectively. In summary, under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field, combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and urea, with the nitrogen reduction rate of 10% to 20% as compared with the local customary rate could achieve higher nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency and better rice quality, hence realize the goals of reducing nitrogen, stabilizing yield, and improving quality and efficiency.

Key words: concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field, reduction of nitrogen fertilizer, rice, yield, quality, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate

中图分类号:

S511

韩笑, 刘旭杰, 石吕, 张晋, 单海勇, 石晓旭, 严旖旎, 刘建, 薛亚光. 麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 1-13.

HAN Xiao, LIU Xujie, SHI Lyu, ZHANG Jin, SHAN Haiyong, SHI Xiaoxu, YAN Yini, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang. Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 1-13.

图/表 9

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[40]	蒋鹏, 徐富贤, 熊洪, 等. 两种产量水平下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2020, 34(1): 147-156.
	JIANG P, XU F X, XIONG H, et al. Effect of reduced nitrogen application on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid mid-season rice under two yield levels[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 34(1): 147-156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]	侯红乾, 黄永兰, 冀建华, 等. 缓/控释肥对双季稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(4): 389-396.
	HOU H Q, HUANG Y L, JI J H, et al. Effects of controlled-release fertilizer application on double cropping rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2016, 30(4): 389-396. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]	李珣, 苗立新, 孙杰, 等. 氮肥运筹对北方超级稻水稻氮素利用率的影响[J]. 北方水稻, 2014, 44(5): 15-18.
	LI X, MIAO L X, SUN J, et al. Effect of N-management on the nitrogen using efficiency of north super rice[J]. North Rice, 2014, 44(5): 15-18. (in Chinese with English abstract)

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles/ (10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	理论产量 Theoretical yield/(t·hm^-2)	实际产量 Measured yield/(t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
南粳9108	T1	243.90 d	112.69 d	26.22 a	87.64 a	6.32 d	5.68 e	0.45 d
Nanjing 9108	T2	342.88 a	130.62 ab	25.54 b	84.63 b	9.68 ab	9.08 b	0.52 a
	T3	346.68 a	133.61 a	25.61 b	84.88 b	10.07 a	9.27 a	0.53 a
	T4	335.33 b	130.55 ab	25.73 b	85.83 ab	9.67 ab	8.92 b	0.51 b
	T5	325.45 c	128.05 bc	26.05 a	86.24 ab	9.37 bc	8.53 c	0.50 b
	T6	318.58 c	124.66 c	26.12 a	87.60 a	9.08 c	8.16 d	0.49 c
南粳5055	T1	241.72 d	111.38 d	25.60 a	87.05 a	6.00 e	5.40 e	0.47 d
Nanjing 5055	T2	349.66 ab	129.81 a	24.93 d	83.73 e	9.48 b	8.51 b	0.52 ab
	T3	354.46 a	129.46 a	24.95 d	84.41 d	9.66 a	8.90 a	0.53 a
	T4	343.36 b	128.72 a	25.04 cd	85.18 c	9.43 b	8.54 b	0.51 b
	T5	336.64 c	122.90 b	25.24 bc	85.47 bc	8.92 c	8.15 c	0.50 c
	T6	330.35 c	119.92 c	25.32 b	86.08 b	8.64 d	7.78 d	0.50 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles/ (10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	理论产量 Theoretical yield/(t·hm^-2)	实际产量 Measured yield/(t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
南粳9108	T1	243.90 d	112.69 d	26.22 a	87.64 a	6.32 d	5.68 e	0.45 d
Nanjing 9108	T2	342.88 a	130.62 ab	25.54 b	84.63 b	9.68 ab	9.08 b	0.52 a
	T3	346.68 a	133.61 a	25.61 b	84.88 b	10.07 a	9.27 a	0.53 a
	T4	335.33 b	130.55 ab	25.73 b	85.83 ab	9.67 ab	8.92 b	0.51 b
	T5	325.45 c	128.05 bc	26.05 a	86.24 ab	9.37 bc	8.53 c	0.50 b
	T6	318.58 c	124.66 c	26.12 a	87.60 a	9.08 c	8.16 d	0.49 c
南粳5055	T1	241.72 d	111.38 d	25.60 a	87.05 a	6.00 e	5.40 e	0.47 d
Nanjing 5055	T2	349.66 ab	129.81 a	24.93 d	83.73 e	9.48 b	8.51 b	0.52 ab
	T3	354.46 a	129.46 a	24.95 d	84.41 d	9.66 a	8.90 a	0.53 a
	T4	343.36 b	128.72 a	25.04 cd	85.18 c	9.43 b	8.54 b	0.51 b
	T5	336.64 c	122.90 b	25.24 bc	85.47 bc	8.92 c	8.15 c	0.50 c
	T6	330.35 c	119.92 c	25.32 b	86.08 b	8.64 d	7.78 d	0.50 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness/%	长宽比 Aspect ratio
南粳9108	T1	81.33 c	72.96 d	63.03 d	15.85 b	4.29 b	1.74 a
Nanjing 9108	T2	84.72 ab	75.98 a	69.86 a	17.85 a	5.12 a	1.73 a
	T3	84.91 a	76.30 a	69.64 a	17.68 a	4.82 a	1.73 a
	T4	84.70 ab	75.68 ab	68.73 ab	13.87 d	3.91 b	1.73 a
	T5	84.58 ab	75.29 bc	67.43 bc	14.01 cd	3.95 b	1.74 a
	T6	84.45 b	74.62 c	66.63 c	14.57 c	4.14 b	1.73 a
南粳5055	T1	81.88 c	73.33 b	65.01 c	7.94 ab	2.21 a	1.69 a
Nanjing 5055	T2	83.70 ab	76.63 a	69.55 ab	8.61 a	2.13 ab	1.67 a
	T3	84.14 a	76.77 a	69.86 a	8.73 a	2.18 ab	1.67 a
	T4	83.68 ab	76.55 a	69.31 ab	6.89 c	1.98 ab	1.68 a
	T5	83.68 ab	76.35 a	69.02 ab	6.82 c	1.94 b	1.68 a
	T6	83.54 b	76.30 a	68.14 b	7.41 bc	2.02 ab	1.69 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness/%	长宽比 Aspect ratio
南粳9108	T1	81.33 c	72.96 d	63.03 d	15.85 b	4.29 b	1.74 a
Nanjing 9108	T2	84.72 ab	75.98 a	69.86 a	17.85 a	5.12 a	1.73 a
	T3	84.91 a	76.30 a	69.64 a	17.68 a	4.82 a	1.73 a
	T4	84.70 ab	75.68 ab	68.73 ab	13.87 d	3.91 b	1.73 a
	T5	84.58 ab	75.29 bc	67.43 bc	14.01 cd	3.95 b	1.74 a
	T6	84.45 b	74.62 c	66.63 c	14.57 c	4.14 b	1.73 a
南粳5055	T1	81.88 c	73.33 b	65.01 c	7.94 ab	2.21 a	1.69 a
Nanjing 5055	T2	83.70 ab	76.63 a	69.55 ab	8.61 a	2.13 ab	1.67 a
	T3	84.14 a	76.77 a	69.86 a	8.73 a	2.18 ab	1.67 a
	T4	83.68 ab	76.55 a	69.31 ab	6.89 c	1.98 ab	1.68 a
	T5	83.68 ab	76.35 a	69.02 ab	6.82 c	1.94 b	1.68 a
	T6	83.54 b	76.30 a	68.14 b	7.41 bc	2.02 ab	1.69 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度 Balance degree	食味值 Taste value
南粳9108	T1	5.82 b	7.25 a	6.33 b	5.52 c	64.33 c
Nanjing 9108	T2	6.25 a	6.97 ab	6.40 b	6.18 b	66.00 bc
	T3	6.30 a	6.82 ab	6.73 ab	6.30 ab	67.67 b
	T4	6.48 a	6.78 b	7.05 ab	6.28 ab	67.83 ab
	T5	6.45 a	6.88 ab	7.25 ab	6.57 ab	68.33 ab
	T6	6.38 a	7.05 ab	7.58 a	6.85 a	70.33 a
南粳5055	T1	6.03 b	7.78 a	6.23 c	5.30 b	62.37 b
Nanjing 5055	T2	6.45 a	7.23 c	6.42 bc	6.28 a	64.83 ab
	T3	6.42 a	7.20 c	6.58 abc	6.35 a	65.00 ab
	T4	6.47 a	7.18 c	6.95 a	6.52 a	67.17 a
	T5	6.40 a	7.20 c	6.67 ab	6.17 ab	67.17 a
	T6	6.28 a	7.42 b	6.32 bc	5.92 ab	66.33 a

麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content/%	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/%	胶稠度 Gel consistency
南粳9108	T1	6.43 d	13.30 ab	91.00 a
Nanjing 9108	T2	7.13 ab	12.27 c	82.67 c
	T3	7.20 a	12.33 c	84.67 bc
	T4	6.83 bc	12.53 bc	86.33 abc
	T5	6.67 cd	13.63 a	87.00 abc
	T6	6.53 cd	14.03 a	89.33 ab
南粳5055	T1	6.97 b	12.67 abc	91.00 a
Nanjing 5055	T2	7.43 a	12.33 c	82.33 bc
	T3	7.57 a	12.27 c	80.67 c
	T4	7.47 a	12.43 bc	83.67 abc
	T5	7.43 a	12.90 ab	85.67 abc
	T6	7.27 ab	13.03 a	88.33 ab

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	齐穗期各部分的含氮量 Nitrogen content of rice at full heading stage			成熟期各部分的含氮量 Nitrogen content of rice at maturity stage
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	茎鞘Stem and sheath	叶片Leaf	穗Panicle	茎鞘Stem and sheath	叶片Leaf	穗Panicle
南粳9108	T1	5.73 b	18.11 d	9.90 d	5.69 c	7.59 b	10.96 d
Nanjing 9108	T2	7.39 a	24.49 b	11.40 ab	6.45 a	8.45 a	12.50 a
	T3	7.51 a	25.66 a	11.76 a	6.39 ab	8.57 a	12.60 a
	T4	7.42 a	24.25 bc	10.93 bc	6.42 ab	8.46 a	11.94 b
	T5	7.39 a	24.62 b	10.60 c	6.34 ab	8.41 a	11.80 bc
	T6	7.06 a	23.58 c	10.44 cd	6.11 b	8.21 a	11.43 c
南粳5055	T1	5.63 b	19.49 c	10.65 c	5.47 b	7.81 b	11.19 c
Nanjing 5055	T2	7.34 a	25.42 ab	11.74 ab	6.27 a	9.00 a	13.03 a
	T3	7.28 a	25.87 a	12.25 a	6.18 a	9.07 a	13.11 a
	T4	7.23 a	25.74 a	11.91 ab	6.23 a	9.02 a	12.95 a
	T5	7.20 a	25.37 ab	11.58 abc	6.06 a	9.14 a	12.45 b
	T6	6.97 a	24.88 b	11.15 bc	5.82 ab	8.76 ab	12.12 b

品种Variety	处理Treatment	AE_N/(kg·kg^-1)	IE_N/(kg·kg^-1)	PFP_N/(kg·kg^-1)	RE_N/%
南粳9108	T2	10.30 b	43.57 b	27.51 d	36.06 c
Nanjing 9108	T3	10.88 a	43.91 b	28.09 d	36.89 bc
	T4	10.91 a	44.31 b	30.03 c	37.67 ab
	T5	10.82 ab	44.58 b	32.23 b	38.66 a
	T6	10.74 ab	46.11 a	35.34 a	37.90 ab
南粳5055	T2	9.42 b	42.32 c	25.50 e	33.32 b
Nanjing 5055	T3	10.58 a	43.96 abc	26.96 d	33.71 b
	T4	10.57 a	43.24 bc	28.09 c	35.81 a
	T5	10.40 a	44.39 ab	30.11 b	34.99 ab
	T6	10.28 a	45.39 a	33.21 a	34.70 ab

指标 Index	与各指标的相关系数Correlation coefficient with other indexes
指标 Index	实际产量 Measured yield	整精米率 Head milled rice rate	垩白度 Chalkiness	食味值 Taste value	蛋白质含量 Protein content	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	胶稠度 Gel consistency	PFP_N
整精米率	0.873^**
Head milled rice rate
垩白度Chalkiness	0.191	-0.130
食味值Taste value	0.562^**	0.247	0.330^*
蛋白质含量	0.419^*	0.722^**	-0.596^**	-0.225
Protein content
直链淀粉含量	-0.293	-0.558^**	0.180	0.460^**	-0.650^**
Amylose content
胶稠度	-0.683^**	-0.772^**	0.106	-0.035	-0.644^**	0.534^**
Gel consistency
PFP_N	-0.666^**	-0.825^**	0.073	0.654^**	-0.628^**	0.839^**	0.736^**
RE_N	0.401*	-0.133	0.471^**	0.420*	-0.494^**	0.090	0.124	0.044

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