分蘖期淹水对常规粳稻生长特性、产量形成与钾素吸收的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231009

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 1990-1999.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231009

分蘖期淹水对常规粳稻生长特性、产量形成与钾素吸收的影响

陈宇眺(), 闫川, 洪晓富, 宋佳谕()

浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-08-24 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-30
作者简介:*宋佳谕,E-mail: 860014880@qq.com
陈宇眺(1986—),男,浙江义乌人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事水稻栽培技术研究。E-mail: chenyutiao@sina.com
通讯作者: *宋佳谕,E-mail: 860014880@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31701364);东北粳稻遗传改良与优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心;浙江省数字旱粮重点试验室(2022E10012)

Effects of submergence at tillering stage on growth characters, yield formation and potassium uptake of japonica inbred rice

CHEN Yutiao(), YAN Chuan, HONG Xiaofu, SONG Jiayu()

Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-08-24 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究分蘖期淹水胁迫对常规粳稻生长特性、产量、产量构成因子、钾素吸收与钾肥利用率的影响,阐明钾素对常规粳稻分蘖期耐淹性的调控作用,以常规粳稻浙粳99为供试材料开展盆栽试验,设置CK(不淹水,对照)和ST(分蘖期用43 cm水层淹水15 d)2个主处理,在主处理下进一步设置K0(不施钾)和K180(K₂O施用量180 kg·hm^-2)2个钾肥处理。结果显示,相比于对照组,淹水组2个钾肥处理的平均存活率、单位面积有效穗数、单位面积颖花数分别显著(P<0.05)下降16.8百分点、71.1%和68.0%,退水后1 d和成熟期的植株钾素积累量分别显著下降53.8%和44.6%,淹水期间和退水后的钾素积累速率分别显著下降66.7%和45.0%,但植株钾含量、钾肥偏生产力、钾肥回收利用率、钾素收获指数无显著变化。结果表明,分蘖期淹水胁迫显著抑制常规粳稻的正常生长,但在本试验条件下对水稻产量和钾肥利用无显著不利影响,增施钾肥对提高常规粳稻分蘖期的耐淹性有一定的促进作用。

关键词: 淹水胁迫, 常规粳稻, 钾肥利用率, 产量构成, 生长特性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of the submergence stress at the tillering stage on the growth characters, grain yield, yield components, potassium uptake and use efficiency on japonica inbred rice and clarify the effects of potassium fertilizer on the submergence tolerance at tillering stage, a pot experiment was carried out with the japonica inbred rice variety Zhegeng99. Two main treatments were set: CK (control), not submerged; ST, submerged at the tillering stage for 15 d with the water level of 43 cm. Under each main treatment, two potassium treatments were set: K0, without application of potassium; K180, application of 180 kg·hm^-2 K₂O. The results indicated that compared with the CK, the mean value of plant survival rate, effective panicle number and the spikelets number per unit area of the two potassium treatments under ST treatment were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 16.8 percentage points, 71.1% and 68.0%, respectively; the mean value of potassium accumulaition at one day after de-submergence and the maturity stage under ST treatment was significantly decreased by 53.8% and 44.6%, respectively; and the mean value of potassium accumulation rate during the submergence and after de-submergence was significantly decreased by 66.7% and 45.0%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the potassium content, partical factor productivity of potassium fertilizer, potassium recovery use efficiency and potassium harvest index between the two main treatments. The results indicated that the submergence at the tillering stage could cause significant damage to the normal growth of japonica inbred rice, but it had no significant adverse effect on the rice yield and potassium utilization under the experiement conditions. Application of potassium fertilizer could help enhance the tolerance of japonica inbred rice to the submergence stress at the tillering stage.

Key words: submergence stress, japonica inbred rice, potassium use efficiency, yield component, growth character

中图分类号:

S511.071

陈宇眺, 闫川, 洪晓富, 宋佳谕. 分蘖期淹水对常规粳稻生长特性、产量形成与钾素吸收的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 1990-1999.

CHEN Yutiao, YAN Chuan, HONG Xiaofu, SONG Jiayu. Effects of submergence at tillering stage on growth characters, yield formation and potassium uptake of japonica inbred rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 1990-1999.

图/表 11

图1 不同处理下常规粳稻的存活率 “*”表示差异显著(P<0.05),“ns”表示差异不显著(P≥0.05)。S,淹水主处理;K,钾肥处理;S×K,淹水与钾肥处理的交互作用,下同。

Fig.1 Survival rate of japonica inbred rice under treatments “*” indicate significant difference at P<0.05; “ns” indicate that there is no significant difference at P≥0.05. S, Main treatment of submergence; K, Potassium treatment; S×K, Interaction of submergence and potassium treatment. The same as below.

表1 不同处理常规粳稻的产量和产量构成因子

Table 1 Yield and yield components of japonica inbred rice under treatments

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/ (g·m^-2)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/m^-2	每穗颖花数 Spikelets number per panicle	单位面积颖花数 Spikelets number per unit area/m^-2	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%
CK-K0	499.2±148.0 a	404.8±11.7 a	165.4±6.3 a	67 036±3 877 a	20.8±0.16 a	36.2±11.7 a
CK-K180	369.9±179.0 a	440.5±31.6 a	160.2±12.2 a	70 735±5 896 a	19.8±0.71 a	24.2±11.2 a
ST-K0	364.2±124.9 a	214.3±44.7 b	173.9±5.9 a	36 768±6 893 b	21.0±0.36 a	44.5±7.9 a
ST-K180	369.4± 24.4 a	279.8±25.9 b	159.9±19.4 a	44 262±5 261 b	20.5±0.70 a	41.7±4.5 a

图2 不同处理常规粳稻的分蘖数同一取样时间柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。BS,淹水前1 d;AS,退水后1 d;MS,成熟期。图3同。

Fig.2 Tiller number of japonica inbred rice under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05 within treatments at the same sampling time. BS, One day before submergence; AS, One day after de-submergence; MS, Maturity stage. The same as in Fig. 3.

图3 不同处理常规粳稻的株高

Fig.3 Plant height of japonica inbred rice under treatments

图4 不同处理常规粳稻淹水期间茎秆的伸长率柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.4 Shoot elongation rate during submergence of japonica inbred rice under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05.

表2 不同处理常规粳稻的地上部干重和生长速率

Table 2 Above ground dry weight and growth rate of japonica inbred rice under treatments

处理 Treatment	不同时期的地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight at different period/(g·m^-2)			不同时期的生长速率 Growth rate at different period/(g·m^-2·d^-1)
处理 Treatment	BS	AS	MS	BS—AS	AS—MS
CK-K0	13.1±1.1 a	96.2±22.2 a	2 536.3±39.8 a	5.5±1.5 a	22.1±0.2 a
CK-K180	19.1±2.3 a	98.2±6.7 a	2 563.7±245.3 a	5.3±0.5 a	22.4±2.1 a
ST-K0	15.5±2.3 a	39.4±7.1 b	1 434.5±272.2 b	1.6±0.4 b	12.7±2.3 b
ST-K180	15.5±1.1 a	51.3±5.3 b	1 707.1±169.0 b	2.4±0.5 b	15.0±1.5 b

表3 不同处理各时期常规粳稻的植株钾含量

Table 3 Potassium content of japonica inbred rice under treatments at different period mg·g-1

处理 Treatment	不同时期的钾含量Potassium content at different time
	BS	AS	MS
	BS	AS	秸秆Straw	饱粒Filled grains	秕粒+枝梗Unfilled grains+branch
CK-K0	18.1±1.1 b	22.4±0.9 b	10.7±0.3 ab	3.8±0.1 a	6.9±0.3 a
CK-K180	38.6±0.8 a	26.4±1.9 a	11.9±0.3 a	4.2±0.2 a	6.9±0.1 a
ST-K0	17.2±0.3 b	21.8±0.6 b	10.0±0.6 b	4.0±0.1 a	6.4±0.4 a
ST-K180	33.3±6.5 a	26.9±0.6 a	10.9±0.2 ab	4.3±0.2 a	6.6±0.3 a

表4 不同处理各时期常规粳稻植株的钾素积累量

Table 4 Potassium accumulation of japonica inbred rice under treatments at different period g·m-2

处理 Treatment	不同时期的钾素积累量 Potassium accumulation at different period
处理 Treatment	BS	AS	MS
CK-K0	0.24±0.02 c	1.66±0.86 ab	22.5±0.7 a
CK-K180	0.73±0.08 a	1.94±0.79 a	25.9±1.9 a
ST-K0	0.27±0.06 c	0.62±0.60 c	11.4±1.8 b
ST-K180	0.50±0.03 b	1.04±0.64 bc	15.4±1.9 b

表5 不同处理各时期常规粳稻植株的钾素积累速率

Table 5 Potassium accumulation rate of japonica inbred rice under treatments at different period g·m-2·d-1

处理 Treatment	不同时期的钾素积累速率 Potassium accumulatin rate at different period
处理 Treatment	BS—AS	AS—MS
CK-K0	0.09±0.03 a	0.19±0.01 a
CK-K180	0.08±0.01 a	0.22±0.02 a
ST-K0	0.02±0.01 b	0.10±0.02 b
ST-K180	0.04±0.01 ab	0.13±0.02 b

图5 不同处理常规粳稻的钾肥偏生产力和钾肥回收利用率

Fig.5 Partial factor productivity of potassium fertilizer and potassium recovery use efficiency of japonica inbred rice under treatments

图6 不同处理常规粳稻的钾素收获指数

Fig.6 Potassium harvest index of japonica inbred rice under treatments

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分蘖期淹水对常规粳稻生长特性、产量形成与钾素吸收的影响

Effects of submergence at tillering stage on growth characters, yield formation and potassium uptake of japonica inbred rice

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