不同干旱-复水模式对苦荞生长与产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231268

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2000-2009.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231268

不同干旱-复水模式对苦荞生长与产量的影响

闵江艳^a(), 唐卓磊^a^,^b, 杨雪^a^,^b, 黄小燕^b, 黄凯丰^b^,^*(), 何佩云^a^,^*()

贵州师范大学 a. 生命科学学院;b. 荞麦产业技术研究中心,贵州贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2023-11-10 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-30
作者简介:黄凯丰,E-mail:hkf1979@163.com
*何佩云,E-mail: peiyunh@163.com;
闵江艳(1998—),女,贵州紫云人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生理生态研究。E-mail:1875177124@qq.com
通讯作者: *何佩云,E-mail: peiyunh@163.com;黄凯丰,E-mail:hkf1979@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160510)

Effect of different drought-rewatering modes on growth and yield of Tartary buckwheat

MIN Jiangyan^a(), TANG Zhuolei^a^,^b, YANG Xue^a^,^b, HUANG Xiaoyan^b, HUANG Kaifeng^b^,^*(), HE Peiyun^a^,^*()

School of Life Science; b. Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China

Received:2023-11-10 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同干旱-复水处理对苦荞[Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn.]生长与产量的影响,以晋荞2号为试验材料,设置5种干旱-复水处理,分别为CK(土壤水势维持在-20~-30 kPa)、LD(土壤水势维持在-40~-50 kPa)、HD(土壤水势维持在-60~-70 kPa)、L0(在土壤水势为-40~-50 kPa时复水,使其恢复到-20~-30 kPa)、H0(在土壤水势为-60~-70 kPa时复水,使其恢复到-20~-30 kPa)。测定不同干旱-复水模式下苦荞农艺性状、根系形态、抗氧化酶活性、光合特性和产量等指标。结果表明:苦荞的农艺性状随着土壤水势的降低呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,均在LD处理时达到最大,在HD处理最小;随着苦荞生育期的推进,不同干旱-复水处理后苦荞的根系形态、叶片抗氧化酶活性和光合特性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;与CK相比,LD处理明显提高了苦荞的根系形态指标,HD、L0和H0处理中苦荞根系形态指标显著降低,根系形态指标均在LD处理下达到最大,在HD处理下最小;与CK相比,LD处理能促进苦荞叶片中SOD、POD和CAT活性、净光合速率、气孔导度的增加,HD、L0和H0处理则降低了苦荞叶片的抗氧化酶活性、净光合速率和气孔导度。LD处理的苦荞产量显著高于其他处理,分别是CK、HD、L0和H0处理的1.22、2.17、1.81和1.63倍。综上,LD处理能促进苦荞地下部和地上部的生长,增加光合利用率,增强抗氧化活性,提高粒重,达到节水增产的效果。

关键词: 苦荞, 干旱胁迫, 根系形态, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different drought-rewatering treatments on the growth and yield of Tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.], buckwheat variety Jinqiao 2 was used as the test material, set up five drought-rewatering treatments were set up, which were CK (soil water potential maintained at -20--30 kPa), LD (soil water potential maintained at -40--50 kPa), HD (soil water potential maintained at -60--70 kPa) and L0 (when soil water potential was -40--50 kPa, restore it to -20--30 kPa), H0 (restore it to -20--30 kPa when the soil water potential was -60--70 kPa). Agronomic traits, root morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Tartary buckwheat under different drought-rehydration modes were determined. The results showed that the agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the decrease of soil water potential, which reached the maximum in LD treatment and the minimum in HD treatment. With the advancement of buckwheat fertility, the root morphology, activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves, and photosynthetic characteristics of buckwheat after different drought-rehydration treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; Compared with CK, LD treatment significantly increased the buckwheat root morphology indicators, HD, L0 and H0 treatments had a tendency to significantly reduce the buckwheat root morphology indicators, the root morphology indicators under all treatments had reached the maximum in the LD treatment, the minimum in the HD treatment; Compared with CK, LD treatment promoted the increase of SOD, POD and CAT activities, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance in buckwheat leaves, while HD, L0, and H0 treatments decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance in buckwheat leaves. The yield of buckwheat in LD treatment was the highest, which were 1.22, 2.17, 1.81 and 1.63 times higher than that of CK, HD, L0 and H0 treatments, respectively. In summary, LD treatment could promote the growth of buckwheat underground and aboveground, increase photosynthetic utilization, enhance the antioxidant activity, increase grain weight, to achieve the effect of water saving and yield increase.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, drought stress, root morphology, growth and development, yield

中图分类号:

S517

闵江艳, 唐卓磊, 杨雪, 黄小燕, 黄凯丰, 何佩云. 不同干旱-复水模式对苦荞生长与产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2000-2009.

MIN Jiangyan, TANG Zhuolei, YANG Xue, HUANG Xiaoyan, HUANG Kaifeng, HE Peiyun. Effect of different drought-rewatering modes on growth and yield of Tartary buckwheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 2000-2009.

图/表 5

表1 土壤水势对苦荞农艺性状的影响

Table 1 Effect of soil water potential on agronomic characters of Tartary buckwheat

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	主茎节数 Number of main stem nodes	主茎分枝数 Number of main stem branches	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	茎长 Stem length/cm
CK	57.6 c	12.0 a	7.4 a	2.27 c	6.4 b
LD	79.5 a	12.7 a	8.0 a	2.36 b	6.7 b
HD	41.1 e	9.0 c	3.4 c	2.02 e	5.5 c
L0	62.2 b	10.7 b	6.2 b	2.18 d	7.1 a
H0	45.7 d	10.7 b	4.1 c	2.44 a	5.8 c

图1 土壤水势对苦荞根系形态的影响 CK、LD、HD处理分别将土壤水势维持在-20~-30 kPa、-40~-50 kPa、-60~-70 kPa;L0和L0处理分别表示在土壤水势达到-40~-50 kPa、-60~-70 kPa时,复水使其恢复到-20~-30 kPa。柱状图上无相同小写字母的表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Effect of soil water potential on root morphology of Tartary buckwheat CK, LD and HD treatments maintained soil water potential at -20 kPa to -30 kPa,-40 kPa to -50 kPa,-60 kPa to -70 kPa, respectively; L0 and LD treatments indicating that when the soil water potential reached -40 kPa to -50 kPa,-60 kPa to -70 kPa, respectively, rewatering restored it to -20 kPa to -30 kPa. Different lowercase letters above the bars represented significant (P<0.05) differences among treatments. The same as below.

图2 土壤水势对苦荞抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig.2 Effect of soil water potential on antioxidant enzyme activity of Tartary buckwheat

图3 土壤水势对苦荞光合特性的影响

Fig.3 Effect of soil water potential on photosynthetic characteristics of Tartary buckwheat

表2 土壤水势对苦荞产量的影响

Table 2 Effect of soil water potential on yield of Tartary buckwheat

处理 Treatment	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	百粒重 100-grain weight/g	收获时每小区株数 Number of plants per plot at harvest	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	153.32 a	2.44 a	1.66 a	64.00 d	817.54 b
LD	156.00 a	2.19 a	1.64 a	87.00 c	996.98 a
HD	61.32 d	0.76 c	1.25 c	116.00 a	458.85 e
L0	80.00 c	1.20 b	1.58 b	88.00 c	549.76 d
H0	92.00 b	1.11 b	1.55 b	106.00 b	612.62 c

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不同干旱-复水模式对苦荞生长与产量的影响

Effect of different drought-rewatering modes on growth and yield of Tartary buckwheat

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