亮斑扁角水虻幼虫代替豆粕对北京鸭生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230612

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 1764-1772.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230612

亮斑扁角水虻幼虫代替豆粕对北京鸭生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

高国际¹^,²(), 龙玲², 宋晓云³, 李彦彤¹^,², 刘高强¹^,², 丁功涛¹^,^*()

1.西北民族大学生物医学研究中心,中国-马来西亚国家联合实验室,甘肃兰州 730030
2.西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730030
3.兰州工业研究院,甘肃兰州 730030

收稿日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-09-06
作者简介:*丁功涛,E-mail: dinggongtao@outlook.com
高国际(1997—),男,吉林大安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料。E-mail: 1647328705@qq.com
通讯作者: 丁功涛
基金资助:
“科技助力经济2020”重点专项(SQ2020YFF0405583)

Effects of Hermetia illucens larvae instead of soybean meal on growth, development and serum biochemical indexes of Pekin ducks

GAO Guoji¹^,²(), LONG Ling², SONG Xiaoyun³, LI Yantong¹^,², LIU Gaoqiang¹^,², DING Gongtao¹^,^*()

1. China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
2. Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
3. Lanzhou Industrial Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China

Received:2023-05-09 Online:2024-08-25 Published:2024-09-06
Contact: DING Gongtao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取150只1日龄的北京鸭,将其随机分为3组,分别在其常规饲料中添加0、10%和30%的干亮斑扁角水虻幼虫(BSFL),利用等氮等能的标准,根据蛋白能量差减去相应的豆粕含量配制BSFL蛋白饲料进行饲喂(依次简记为CK、T1、T2组),42 d后测定其生长性能、屠宰性状、脏器系数、肉质性状和血清生化指标的变化。结果表明:各组北京鸭的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率、腿肌率、胸肌率均无显著差异。与CK相比,T1、T2组北京鸭的脾(脏)系数显著(P<0.05)提高0.01百分点,T1组肾脏系数显著提高0.08百分点,但心、肝、肺的脏器系数无显著差异。T1组北京鸭的胸肌黄度(b^*)值较CK显著降低,但3组的其余肉质性状检测指标均无显著差异。T1组北京鸭的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性分别较CK显著降低22.02%、21.42%,但3组北京鸭的其余血清生化指标均无显著差异。与CK相比,T1组北京鸭血清的补体C3、补体C4、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量均显著升高,T2组北京鸭血清中的sIgA、IL-2和C3含量显著升高。总的来看,用10%或30%的BSFL代替豆粕作为家禽饲料的蛋白质对北京鸭进行饲喂具有可行性。

关键词: 亮斑扁角水虻幼虫, 北京鸭, 蛋白饲料, 生长发育, 血清生化指标

Abstract:

In the present study, 150 1-d-age Pekin ducks were randomly divided into three groups. In accordance, 0, 10% and 30% dry Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) were added to the conventional feed by subtracting the corresponding soybean meal content from the protein energy difference of equal nitrogen and equal energy, which were used to feed the Pekin ducks, and the correspoding groups were marked as CK, T1 and T2, respecitvely, for short. The growth performance, slaughter traits, organs indexes, meat quality traits and serum biochemical indexes of these Pekin ducks were determined after 42 days. It was shown that there was no significant difference in the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, slaughter rate, half carcass rate, whole carcass rate, pectoral muscle rate, leg muscle rate, abdominal fat rate among three groups. Compared with the CK, the spleen index of T1 and T2 groups was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 0.01 percentage points, and the kidney index of T1 group was significantly increased by 0.08 percentage points, yet there was no significant difference in the heart index, liver index and lung index within three groups. The yellowness (b^*) of Pekin ducks in T1 group was significantly lower thann that of CK, but there was no significant difference in the other meat quality traits within three groups. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in the serum of Pekin ducks in T1 group was significantly decreased by 22.02%, 21.42%, respectively, yet there was no significant difference in the other serum biochemical indexes within three groups. Compared with the CK, the contents of complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the serum of Pekin ducks in the T1 group were all significantly enhanced, and the contents of sIgA, IL-2 and C3 in the serum of Pekin ducks in the T2 group were also signicantly increased. In general, it could work for Peking ducks by addition of 10% or 30% BSFL replacing soybean meal as protein in the feed.

Key words: Hermetia illucens larvae, Pekin duck, protein feed, growth and development, serum biochemical index

中图分类号:

S816

高国际, 龙玲, 宋晓云, 李彦彤, 刘高强, 丁功涛. 亮斑扁角水虻幼虫代替豆粕对北京鸭生长发育和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(8): 1764-1772.

GAO Guoji, LONG Ling, SONG Xiaoyun, LI Yantong, LIU Gaoqiang, DING Gongtao. Effects of Hermetia illucens larvae instead of soybean meal on growth, development and serum biochemical indexes of Pekin ducks[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(8): 1764-1772.

图/表 9

参考文献 32

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成分 Component	不同处理各成分的含量 Contents of components under treatments
成分 Component	CK	T1	T2
亮斑扁角水虻干幼虫	0	10	30
Dried larvae of black soldier fly
玉米Maize	50	50	50
酒糟 Distillers’ grains	12	10	6
豆粕Soybean meal	27	19	3
麦麸Wheat bran	5	5	5
NaCl	1.37	1.37	1.37
石粉 Limestone powder/%	0.82	0.82	0.82
预混料Premix	3.20	3.20	3.20
CaHPO₄	0.61	0.61	0.61

成分 Component	不同处理各成分的含量 Contents of components under treatments
成分 Component	CK	T1	T2
亮斑扁角水虻干幼虫	0	10	30
Dried larvae of black soldier fly
玉米Maize	50	50	50
酒糟 Distillers’ grains	12	10	6
豆粕Soybean meal	27	19	3
麦麸Wheat bran	5	5	5
NaCl	1.37	1.37	1.37
石粉 Limestone powder/%	0.82	0.82	0.82
预混料Premix	3.20	3.20	3.20
CaHPO₄	0.61	0.61	0.61

处理 Treatment	代谢能 Metabolism energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	粗蛋白质含量 Crude protein content/%	钙含量 Calcium content/%	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/%	蛋氨酸含量 Methionine content/%	赖氨酸含量 Lysine content/%
CK	12.53	17.66	1.55	0.68	0.47	1.15
T1	12.56	17.55	1.55	0.68	0.48	1.16
T2	12.59	17.33	1.55	0.68	0.48	1.18

处理 Treatment	代谢能 Metabolism energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)	粗蛋白质含量 Crude protein content/%	钙含量 Calcium content/%	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/%	蛋氨酸含量 Methionine content/%	赖氨酸含量 Lysine content/%
CK	12.53	17.66	1.55	0.68	0.47	1.15
T1	12.56	17.55	1.55	0.68	0.48	1.16
T2	12.59	17.33	1.55	0.68	0.48	1.18

处理Treatment	ADFI/g	ADG/g	FCR/%
CK	616.67	312.56	1.97
T1	621.11	320.11	1.94
T2	632.00	325.89	1.94

亮斑扁角水虻幼虫代替豆粕对北京鸭生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Hermetia illucens larvae instead of soybean meal on growth, development and serum biochemical indexes of Pekin ducks

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参考文献 32

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处理 Treatment	屠宰率 Slaughter rate	半净膛率 Half carcass rate	全净膛率 whole carcass rate	胸肌率 Pectoral muscle rate	腿肌率 Leg muscle rate	腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate
CK	90.30	91.26	70.96	7.64	12.74	1.54
T1	88.57	85.91	68.88	6.71	11.82	1.70
T2	90.20	90.18	73.04	6.88	10.35	1.73

处理 Treatment	心 Heart	肝 Liver	脾 Spleen	肺 Lung	肾 Kidney
CK	0.43	1.66	0.05 b	0.86	0.56 b
T1	0.47	1.72	0.06 a	0.88	0.64 a
T2	0.48	1.64	0.06 a	0.85	0.58 b

处理 Treatment	熟肉率 Cooking percentage/%	失水率 Water loss rate/%	剪切力 Shear force/N	pH	a^*	L^*	b^*
CK	46.59	32.11	33.17	5.80	14.49	49.99	7.52 a
T1	55.57	29.26	34.26	5.87	14.91	49.62	6.75 b
T2	38.83	32.35	33.97	5.81	14.67	49.27	7.39 a

处理 Treatment	熟肉率 Cooking percentage/%	失水率 Water loss rate/%	剪切力 Shear force/N	pH	a^*	L^*	b^*
CK	54.28	31.18	27.38	6.40	13.47	44.76	8.91
T1	59.43	28.25	27.64	6.40	13.60	44.55	8.88
T2	57.56	29.46	27.02	6.42	13.61	44.81	8.88

处理 Treatment	TP/ (g· L^-1)	ALB/ (g· L^-1)	GLB/ (g· L^-1)	GLU/ (mmol· L^-1)	UREA/ (mmol· L^-1)	TCHO/ (mmol· L^-1)	HDL/ (mmol· L^-1)	LDL/ (mmol· L^-1)	TG/ (mmol· L^-1)	ALT/ (U· L^-1)	AST/ (U· L^-1)	ALP/ (U· L^-1)	ACP/ (U· L^-1)
CK	39.44	17.28	22.18	10.36	3.66	3.44	2.29	0.70	1.98	41.00	23.40	620.40 a	534.00 a
T1	38.64	20.00	18.64	10.88	3.60	3.92	2.73	0.68	2.08	56.20	34.80	483.80 b	419.60 b
T2	33.00	16.34	18.04	10.42	3.64	2.98	1.92	0.71	2.19	46.40	44.80	539.00 a	461.60 a

处理 Treatment	C3/ (μg·mL^-1)	C4/ (μg·mL^-1)	IFN-γ/ (pg·mL^-1)	IL-2/ (pg·mL^-1)	IgA/ (μg·mL^-1)	IgG/ (μg·mL^-1)	IgM/ (μg·mL^-1)	sIgA/ (ng·mL^-1)
CK	459.05 c	137.61 b	35.11 b	198.88 b	119.92 b	2244.61 b	804.22 b	1768.70 c
T1	723.12 a	218.64 a	53.70 a	276.45 a	235.93 a	2477.84 a	1 369.69 a	2365.75 a
T2	584.00 b	172.94 ab	40.29 b	236.20 a	156.94 b	1983.56 b	861.92 b	2139.19 b

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