番鸭肌肉氨基酸谱发育性变化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231019

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2010-2019.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231019

番鸭肌肉氨基酸谱发育性变化研究

潘志洪¹^,²(), 温雪婷²^,³, 杨华², 吕文涛², 张俊杰²^,³, 肖英平²^,^*()

1.贵州大学动物科学学院,高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025
2.浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江农林大学动物科技学院,浙江杭州 311300

收稿日期:2023-08-24 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-30
作者简介:*肖英平,E-mail:ypxiaozju@126.com
潘志洪(1998—),男,贵州黔东南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:1528613530@qq.com
通讯作者: *肖英平,E-mail:ypxiaozju@126.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系水禽体系专项资金(CARS-42-27)

Study on developmental changes of amino acid spectrum in Muscovy duck muscle

PAN Zhihong¹^,²(), WEN Xueting²^,³, YANG Hua², LYU Wentao², ZHANG Junjie²^,³, XIAO Yingping²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Reproduction of Plateau and Mountain Animals, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2023-08-24 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取同一批次14、28、42、70、660日龄的母番鸭屠宰后采集胸肌和腿肌,测定水分、蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化,旨在明确番鸭胸肌和腿肌氨基酸谱的发育性变化。结果表明,在整个发育过程中,番鸭的胸肌重、腿肌重均随日龄增长而显著(P<0.05)增加,蛋白含量总体增加,水分含量逐渐降低。番鸭胸肌的氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量随日龄增长总体增加,70日龄与660日龄间无显著差异,但显著高于14日龄、28日龄、42日龄,赖氨酸和胱氨酸含量在70日龄时显著高于其他日龄,精氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸和脯氨酸的含量在660日龄显著高于其他日龄。番鸭腿肌的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量均在70日龄时达到峰值,丙氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的含量在70日龄显著高于其他日龄,胱氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸的含量在660日龄显著高于其他日龄。正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型表明,不同日龄番鸭的胸肌和腿肌氨基酸谱存在差异,赖氨酸和胱氨酸分别是14~660日龄番鸭胸肌和腿肌氨基酸代谢谱差异中最重要的氨基酸。综上,番鸭肌肉中的氨基酸含量随着日龄的增长而发生明显变化,腿肌中的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量在70日龄较为突出,胸肌中的总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量在660日龄尤为丰富。

关键词: 番鸭, 日龄, 肌肉, 氨基酸, 主成分分析

Abstract:

Samples of breast and leg muscles from the same batch of female Muscovy ducks at 14, 28, 42, 70, and 660 days of age were collected post-slaughter, and the changes in moisture, protein, and amino acid content were determined, to clarify the developmental changes in amino acid profiles of Muscovy duck breast and leg muscles. Results indicated that both breast and leg muscle weights increased significantly (P<0.05) with age, while the protein content increased overall yet the moisture content gradually decreased during the entire developmental process. The total amount of amino acids and essential amino acids in breast muscles increased with age, showing no significant difference between 70 and 660 days but significantly higher levels compared to 14, 28, and 42 days. Lysine and cysteine levels were significantly higher at 70 days, while arginine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and proline levels were significantly higher at 660 days. In leg muscles, total amino acid content, essential amino acids, and umami amino acids peaked at 70 days, with significantly higher levels of alanine, leucine, and lysine compared to other ages. Cysteine, threonine, and tyrosine levels were significantly higher at 660 days. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed differences in amino acid profiles between breast and leg muscles of Muscovy ducks at different ages, with lysine and cysteine identified as the most important amino acids contributing to metabolic profile differences from 14 to 660 days. In conclusion, amino acid content in Muscovy duck muscles undergoes significant changes with age, with notable peaks in total amino acids, essential amino acids, and umami amino acids in leg muscles at 70 days, and in total amino acids and essential amino acids in breast muscles at 660 days.

Key words: Muscovy duck, days of age, muscle, amino acid, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S834

潘志洪, 温雪婷, 杨华, 吕文涛, 张俊杰, 肖英平. 番鸭肌肉氨基酸谱发育性变化研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2010-2019.

PAN Zhihong, WEN Xueting, YANG Hua, LYU Wentao, ZHANG Junjie, XIAO Yingping. Study on developmental changes of amino acid spectrum in Muscovy duck muscle[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 2010-2019.

图/表 10

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指标 Index	各生育阶段的营养水平 Nutrient level at different growth stages
指标 Index	0~21 d	22~180 d	181~660 d
代谢能	12.22	12.01	11.56
Metabolizable energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)
粗蛋白质含量	20.08	19.42	18.15
Crude protein content/%
赖氨酸含量	0.91	0.90	1.12
Lysine content/%
蛋氨酸含量	0.48	0.46	0.52
Methionine content/%
钙含量Calcium content/%	0.85	0.85	3.81
总磷含量	0.48	0.48	0.63
Phosphorus content/%

指标 Index	各生育阶段的营养水平 Nutrient level at different growth stages
指标 Index	0~21 d	22~180 d	181~660 d
代谢能	12.22	12.01	11.56
Metabolizable energy/ (MJ·kg^-1)
粗蛋白质含量	20.08	19.42	18.15
Crude protein content/%
赖氨酸含量	0.91	0.90	1.12
Lysine content/%
蛋氨酸含量	0.48	0.46	0.52
Methionine content/%
钙含量Calcium content/%	0.85	0.85	3.81
总磷含量	0.48	0.48	0.63
Phosphorus content/%

日龄 Age in days/d	体重 Body weight/g	胸肌重 Breast muscle weight/g	腿肌重 Leg muscle weight/g	胸肌率 Percentage of breast muscle yield/%	腿肌率 Percentage of leg muscle yield/%
14	287.30±6.37 e	3.66±0.36 e	29.46±3.56 e	1.27±0.01 d	10.20±0.01 a
28	1 233.75±58.36 d	29.33±2.68 d	59.80±3.92 d	2.40±0.01 c	4.68±0.01 b
42	1 802.50±63.72 c	79.03±2.34 c	100.15±7.71 c	4.39±0.01 b	5.56±0.01 b
70	2 946.25±62.13 b	303.90±12.69 b	179.70±10.90 b	10.32±0.01 a	6.61±0.01 b
660	3 466.25±163.50 a	345.09±15.69 a	211.61±12.34 a	9.96±0.01 a	6.13±0.01 b

日龄 Age in days/d	体重 Body weight/g	胸肌重 Breast muscle weight/g	腿肌重 Leg muscle weight/g	胸肌率 Percentage of breast muscle yield/%	腿肌率 Percentage of leg muscle yield/%
14	287.30±6.37 e	3.66±0.36 e	29.46±3.56 e	1.27±0.01 d	10.20±0.01 a
28	1 233.75±58.36 d	29.33±2.68 d	59.80±3.92 d	2.40±0.01 c	4.68±0.01 b
42	1 802.50±63.72 c	79.03±2.34 c	100.15±7.71 c	4.39±0.01 b	5.56±0.01 b
70	2 946.25±62.13 b	303.90±12.69 b	179.70±10.90 b	10.32±0.01 a	6.61±0.01 b
660	3 466.25±163.50 a	345.09±15.69 a	211.61±12.34 a	9.96±0.01 a	6.13±0.01 b

项目 Item	不同日龄(d)番鸭中的含量Content in Muscovy ducks at different ages (d)
项目 Item	14	28	42	70	660
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid(Asp)	0.84±0.03 c	1.34±0.04 b	1.78±0.03 a	1.80±0.08 a	1.88±0.08 a
谷氨酸Glutamic acid(Glu)	1.28±0.05 e	1.97±0.07 d	3.55±0.08 a	2.94±0.12 b	2.67±0.06 c
丝氨酸Serine(Ser)	0.39±0.02 b	0.71±0.03 a	0.75±0.02 a	0.73±0.04 a	0.80±0.03 a
组氨酸Histidine(His)	0.27±0.01 c	1.19±0.03 a	0.10±0.00 d	0.19±0.04 cd	0.78±0.07 b
甘氨酸Glycine(Gly)	0.59±0.01 c	0.69±0.05 c	1.30±0.03 a	0.91±0.04 b	0.84±0.04 b
苏氨酸Threonine(Thr)	0.60±0.02 bc	1.22±0.05 a	0.54±0.03 c	0.74±0.06 b	1.30±0.07 a
精氨酸Arginine(Arg)	0.59±0.02 e	0.76±0.03 d	0.89±0.01 c	1.00±0.05 b	1.20±0.03 a
丙氨酸Alanine(Ala)	0.59±0.01 c	0.69±0.03 c	1.12±0.02 b	1.42±0.08 a	1.37±0.04 a
酪氨酸Tyrosine(Tyr)	0.26±0.01 d	0.35±0.01 bc	0.30±0.01 cd	0.38±0.03 b	0.60±0.02 a
胱氨酸Cystine(Cys)	0.68±0.02 d	0.67±0.03 d	0.88±0.02 c	1.69±0.05 a	1.49±0.04 b
缬氨酸Valine(Val)	0.23±0.01 c	0.29±0.01 b	0.20±0.01 c	0.34±0.03 b	0.52±0.02 a
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine(Phe)	0.36±0.01 d	0.50±0.02 c	0.37±0.01 d	0.66±0.03 b	0.79±0.03 a
甲硫氨酸Methionine(Met)	0.54±0.02 d	0.76±0.02 c	1.25±0.02 a	1.02±0.04 b	1.27±0.05 a
异亮氨酸Isoleucine(Ile)	0.68±0.03 e	0.94±0.04 d	1.08±0.02 c	1.36±0.06 b	1.62±0.05 a
亮氨酸Leucine(Leu)	0.42±0.03 d	1.04±0.03 a	0.51±0.01 c	0.84±0.02 b	1.01±0.05 a
赖氨酸Lysine(Lys)	0.27±0.10 d	1.52±0.06 b	0.85±0.10 c	2.27±0.33 a	1.41±0.16 b
脯氨酸Proline(Pro)	0.47±0.03 c	0.39±0.01 d	0.64±0.03 b	0.60±0.03 b	0.74±0.03 a
合计Total	9.08±0.30 c	15.03±0.40 b	16.11±0.30 b	18.86±1.00 a	20.29±0.67 a

番鸭肌肉氨基酸谱发育性变化研究

Study on developmental changes of amino acid spectrum in Muscovy duck muscle

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项目 Item	不同日龄(d)番鸭中的含量Content in Muscovy ducks at different ages (d)
项目 Item	14	28	42	70	660
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid(Asp)	0.95±0.14 d	1.29±0.05 c	1.89±0.13 b	2.25±0.08 a	2.52±0.09 a
谷氨酸Glutamic acid(Glu)	1.51±0.24 c	1.90±0.04 c	3.52±0.34 b	4.36±0.16 a	4.25±0.12 a
丝氨酸Serine(Ser)	0.47±0.06 c	0.64±0.02 b	0.80±0.05 a	0.91±0.03 a	0.55±0.03 bc
组氨酸Histidine(His)	0.54±0.21 b	0.47±0.08 b	0.82±0.68 ab	0.30±0.03 c	1.10±0.04 a
甘氨酸Glycine(Gly)	0.13±0.09 c	0.21±0.13 c	0.84±0.27 ab	1.22±0.06 a	0.66±0.05 b
苏氨酸Threonine(Thr)	0.39±0.01 d	0.50±0.09 cd	0.70±0.08 bc	0.86±0.04 b	2.30±0.11 a
精氨酸Arginine(Arg)	0.61±0.13 c	0.74±0.05 bc	0.91±0.05 ab	1.12±0.03 a	0.39±0.06 d
丙氨酸Alanine(Ala)	0.49±0.10 c	0.59±0.05 c	1.19±0.09 b	1.41±0.04 a	1.18±0.06 b
酪氨酸Tyrosine(Tyr)	0.25±0.05 d	0.32±0.02 cd	0.38±0.04 bc	0.44±0.02 b	0.68±0.02 a
胱氨酸Cystine(Cys)	0.48±0.07 c	0.63±0.07 c	0.89±0.15 b	0.38±0.05 c	1.29±0.04 a
缬氨酸Valine(Val)	0.21±0.04 a	0.23±0.01 a	0.31±0.08 a	0.23±0.09 a	0.23±0.06 a
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine(Phe)	0.33±0.07 b	0.46±0.05 ab	0.45±0.04 b	0.59±0.03 a	0.08±0.03 c
甲硫氨酸Methionine(Met)	0.58±0.09 b	0.74±0.01 b	1.38±0.09 a	1.22±0.03 a	0.77±0.06 b
异亮氨酸Isoleucine(Ile)	0.62±0.13 b	0.76±0.07 b	1.29±0.08 a	1.39±0.04 a	1.24±0.06 a
亮氨酸Leucine(Leu)	0.28±0.04 c	0.45±0.11 bc	0.76±0.18 b	1.37±0.04 a	0.74±0.06 b
赖氨酸Lysine(Lys)	0.15±0.03 c	0.40±0.25 c	1.06±0.23 b	1.87±0.06 a	0.95±0.06 b
脯氨酸Proline(Pro)	0.18±0.03 b	0.25±0.05 b	0.55±0.10 a	0.67±0.06 a	0.55±0.02 a
合计Total	8.16±1.52 b	10.57±1.13 b	17.74±0.98 a	20.58±0.79 a	19.47±0.86 a

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