椰糠复合基质对猕猴桃砧木幼苗生长及根系特征的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221324

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2364-2377.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221324

椰糠复合基质对猕猴桃砧木幼苗生长及根系特征的影响

彭丹丹¹(), 陈大刚¹, 徐开未¹, 游浩宇¹, 杨然¹, 廖慧苹², 陈远学¹^,^*()

1.四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都 611130
2.四川华胜农业股份有限公司,四川绵竹 618200

收稿日期:2022-09-13 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-31
作者简介:彭丹丹(1992—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为植物逆境生理与分子生物学。E-mail: Diana-peng@hotmail.com
通讯作者: ^*陈远学,E-mail: cyxue11889@163.com
基金资助:
四川省科技计划项目(2022ZHXC0007);四川省科技计划项目(2021YFN0026)

Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings

PENG Dandan¹(), CHEN Dagang¹, XU Kaiwei¹, YOU Haoyu¹, YANG Ran¹, LIAO Huiping², CHEN Yuanxue¹^,^*()

1. College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Sichuan Huasheng Agricultural Co.,Ltd., Mianzhu 618200, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-09-13 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究椰糠复合基质对猕猴桃砧木幼苗生长的影响,本试验以对萼猕猴桃幼苗为研究材料,设置7个不同配比基质处理,即在泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1(体积比)的基础上,椰糠的添加比例(体积比)分别为100%、80%、60%、40%、20%、0和33.33%(分别标记为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6和T7处理),并以当地猕猴桃园区的土壤作为对照(CK),通过分析复配基质的理化性状及猕猴桃砧木幼苗的生长状况,并结合主成分分析的方法对植株幼苗的叶绿素相对含量、生物量、根冠比、根系特征及养分含量等指标进行综合分析与评价,拟筛选出培育猕猴桃砧木幼苗适宜的基质配方。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,复配基质理化性状得到显著改善,基质养分含量显著提高,随椰糠体积比减小,基质容重、持水孔隙、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量逐渐增大,总孔隙度、通气孔隙、大小孔隙比、有机质含量、速效钾含量、pH值及电导率(EC)逐渐降低;(2)复配基质处理下猕猴桃砧木幼苗的生长状况及养分含量均显著优于CK,植株株高、茎粗、各时期叶绿素相对含量、干物质积累、根冠比、总根长、总根表面积及总根体积随椰糠添加比例的减小呈先增大后降低的趋势,在椰糠体积比为20%(T5处理)达最大值,植株N、P、K含量与复配基质养分供应一致,根中N、P含量最高,K则主要分布于叶片,不同配比基质应用效果综合评价依次为T5>T6>T7>T4>T3>T2>T1>CK,T5处理得分最高,植株生长表现最好;(3)基质总孔隙度、持水孔隙、全氮含量、碱解氮含量及有效磷含量与猕猴桃砧木幼苗各生长指标呈极显著正相关关系,而基质容重及pH值与植株幼苗各生长指标呈极显著负相关关系。综上,基质的理化性状对猕猴桃砧木幼苗的生长具有较大的影响,适宜的椰糠配比能有效改善基质的理化特性,显著促进猕猴桃砧木幼苗地上、地下部的生长,提高植株各部位养分含量,以20%椰糠的体积比复合基质最为适宜,可作为培育猕猴桃砧木幼苗较优的基质配方。

关键词: 基质, 椰糠, 猕猴桃砧木, 生长, 主成分分析

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the effect of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings to find a proper proportions of mixed substrate for soilless cultivation. The Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings as tested material were grown on 7 compound substrate treatments with the coconut-bran proportions of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 0 and 33.33% based on peat∶perlite=1∶1 (volume ratio), which were marked as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 treatment, respectively. The soil from local kiwifruit orchard was used as control (CK). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were analyzed and the growth and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were evaluated comprehensively using principal component analysis. This evaluztion included agronomic traits, chlorophyll SPAD value, biomass, root-shoot ratio, root system characteristics, and nutrient content of seedlings. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, the physicochemical properties and the nutrient content of the compound substrate were significantly improved. A lower proportion of coconut bran resulted in higher bulk density and water-holding porosity, and a higher content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus. However, total porosity, aeration porosity, void ratio, pH value, EC value, organic matter content and available potassium content were decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran. (2) The growth status and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were significantly higher than CK, and the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll SPAD value in each growth periods, dry matter accumulations, root shoot ratio, total root length, total root surface area and total root volume were firstly increased and then decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran, and they achieved the maximum value when the substrates contained 20% volume proportions of coconut bran (T5 treatment). It was observed that the contents of N, P and K were consistent with the nutrient supply provided by the compound substrate, the highest contents of N and P were found in roots, while the highest K content was in leaves. The comprehensive evaluation on the indices of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings by the principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking with different coconut-bran compound substrate from high to low was T5>T6>T7>T4>T3>T2>T1>CK, the T5 treatment obtained the highest comprehensive evaluation score and exhibited optimal growth condition. (3) The total porosity, water-holding porosity, and the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus of substrate were highly significantly and positively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings, the bulk density and pH of substrate were highly significantly and negatively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings. These results indicated that the physicochemical properties of the substrate had great influence on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings. The addition of appropriate proportion of coconut-bran effectively improved the physicochemical properties of the substrate, promoted the growth of shoot and root, and increased the nutrient content of each part of the seedlings. The substrate formula containing 20% volume proportions of coconut-bran could be considered as an optimal compound substrate for kiwifruit rootstocks.

Key words: substrate, coconut-bran, kiwifruit rootstocks, growth, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S663.4

彭丹丹, 陈大刚, 徐开未, 游浩宇, 杨然, 廖慧苹, 陈远学. 椰糠复合基质对猕猴桃砧木幼苗生长及根系特征的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(10): 2364-2377.

PENG Dandan, CHEN Dagang, XU Kaiwei, YOU Haoyu, YANG Ran, LIAO Huiping, CHEN Yuanxue. Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2364-2377.

图/表 12

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供试原料 Material	容重 Bulk density/ (g· cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙 Aeration porosity/ %	持水孔隙 Water- holding porosity/ %	气水比 Air water ratio	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ %	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ %	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
椰糠	0.12	73.16	29.93	43.24	0.69	82.36	0.42	358.57	161.52	8 854.48	5.88	1.60
Coconut-bran
泥炭Peat	0.15	80.32	5.85	74.47	0.08	67.99	0.77	1 125.82	302.28	1 619.90	5.23	0.73
珍珠岩	0.07	64.65	31.40	33.24	0.95	0.84	0	3.44	14.18	688.63	7.80	0
Pearlite

供试原料 Material	容重 Bulk density/ (g· cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙 Aeration porosity/ %	持水孔隙 Water- holding porosity/ %	气水比 Air water ratio	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ %	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ %	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
椰糠	0.12	73.16	29.93	43.24	0.69	82.36	0.42	358.57	161.52	8 854.48	5.88	1.60
Coconut-bran
泥炭Peat	0.15	80.32	5.85	74.47	0.08	67.99	0.77	1 125.82	302.28	1 619.90	5.23	0.73
珍珠岩	0.07	64.65	31.40	33.24	0.95	0.84	0	3.44	14.18	688.63	7.80	0
Pearlite

处理编号 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/%	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/%	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
T1	82.36±0.78 a	0.42±0.01 e	358.57±48.21 f	161.52±3.42 e	8 854.48±74.61 a	5.88±0.08 b	1.60±0.07 a
T2	71.68±1.13 b	0.46±0.01 d	826.44±36.19 e	228.15±1.95 d	8 117.78±76.77 b	5.78±0.16 b	1.42±0.08 b
T3	65.77±1.85 c	0.48±0.01 cd	907.15±23.90 d	232.12±2.95 cd	5 183.28±110.67 c	5.58±0.04 c	1.22±0.04 c
T4	55.52±2.04 d	0.49±0.02 bc	962.54±28.38 c	235.06±2.10 bc	3 590.3±148.68 d	5.48±0.08 cd	0.92±0.04 d
T5	47.12±2.04 f	0.51±0.02 ab	1 049.54±64.53 b	239.61±3.92 b	2 194.16±54.26 f	5.42±0.08 d	0.72±0.04 f
T6	40.40±2.33 g	0.52±0.01 a	1 114.59±43.56 a	247.74±9.34 a	1 054.48±69.16 g	5.38±0.11 d	0.50±0.01 g
T7	52.75±1.24 e	0.50±0.02 ab	1 003.60±29.75 bc	237.13±2.04 bc	2 748.1±68.76 e	5.46±0.09 cd	0.80±0.01 e
CK	1.77±0.20 h	0.09±0.01 f	115.16±3.46 g	16.08±0.79 f	172.73±6.14 h	7.58±0.08 a	0.12±0.04 h

处理编号 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/%	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/%	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
T1	82.36±0.78 a	0.42±0.01 e	358.57±48.21 f	161.52±3.42 e	8 854.48±74.61 a	5.88±0.08 b	1.60±0.07 a
T2	71.68±1.13 b	0.46±0.01 d	826.44±36.19 e	228.15±1.95 d	8 117.78±76.77 b	5.78±0.16 b	1.42±0.08 b
T3	65.77±1.85 c	0.48±0.01 cd	907.15±23.90 d	232.12±2.95 cd	5 183.28±110.67 c	5.58±0.04 c	1.22±0.04 c
T4	55.52±2.04 d	0.49±0.02 bc	962.54±28.38 c	235.06±2.10 bc	3 590.3±148.68 d	5.48±0.08 cd	0.92±0.04 d
T5	47.12±2.04 f	0.51±0.02 ab	1 049.54±64.53 b	239.61±3.92 b	2 194.16±54.26 f	5.42±0.08 d	0.72±0.04 f
T6	40.40±2.33 g	0.52±0.01 a	1 114.59±43.56 a	247.74±9.34 a	1 054.48±69.16 g	5.38±0.11 d	0.50±0.01 g
T7	52.75±1.24 e	0.50±0.02 ab	1 003.60±29.75 bc	237.13±2.04 bc	2 748.1±68.76 e	5.46±0.09 cd	0.80±0.01 e
CK	1.77±0.20 h	0.09±0.01 f	115.16±3.46 g	16.08±0.79 f	172.73±6.14 h	7.58±0.08 a	0.12±0.04 h

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%
PC1	8.756	72.966	72.966
PC2	2.135	17.788	90.754
PC3	0.424	3.536	94.290
PC4	0.277	2.310	96.600
PC5	0.130	1.079	97.679
PC6	0.084	0.701	98.381
PC7	0.072	0.596	98.977
PC8	0.053	0.446	99.423
PC9	0.025	0.205	99.628
PC10	0.021	0.171	99.799
PC11	0.018	0.147	99.946
PC12	0.006	0.054	100.000

椰糠复合基质对猕猴桃砧木幼苗生长及根系特征的影响

Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings

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图/表 12

参考文献 47

相关文章 15

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处理 Treatment	物料构成Material composition/%
处理 Treatment	椰糠Coconut bran	泥炭Peat	珍珠岩Perlite
T1	100	0	0
T2	80	10	10
T3	60	20	20
T4	40	30	30
T5	20	40	40
T6	0	50	50
T7	33.33	33.33	33.33

指标 Index	主成分载荷矩阵 Principal component loading matrix		主成分特征向量 Principal component feature vector
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2
株高PH (X₁)	0.860	0.435	0.087	0.079
茎粗SD (X₂)	0.746	0.613	0.047	0.167
干物质积累量DW(X₃)	0.959	0.223	0.128	-0.023
根冠比RSR (X₄)	0.118	-0.871	0.125	-0.381
叶绿素含量	0.906	0.322	0.108	0.025
SPAD (X₅)
总根长RL (X₆)	0.967	-0.131	0.173	-0.172
总根表面积	0.984	-0.008	0.161	-0.123
RAS (X₇)
总根体积RV (X₈)	0.983	0.101	0.147	-0.077
平均根直径	0.568	0.647	0.014	0.203
ARD (X₉)
根氮含量RN (X₁₀)	0.817	0.480	0.074	0.103
根磷含量RP (X₁₁)	0.961	0.163	0.136	-0.048
叶钾含量LK (X₁₂)	-0.164	-0.923	0.085	-0.368

处理编号 Tratment	PC1	PC2	综合评分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
T1	-0.921	-1.118	-0.871	7
T2	-0.296	-1.218	-0.433	6
T3	0.211	-0.968	-0.018	5
T4	0.419	-0.187	0.272	4
T5	1.194	0.275	0.920	1
T6	0.844	0.999	0.794	2
T7	0.572	0.905	0.578	3
CK	-2.023	1.310	-1.243	8

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