茄果类蔬菜残体混合基质对黄瓜育苗的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221274

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1805-1813.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221274

茄果类蔬菜残体混合基质对黄瓜育苗的影响

傅鸿妃(), 郭赛赛, 郑积荣

杭州市农业科学研究院蔬菜所,浙江杭州 310024

收稿日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-29
作者简介:傅鸿妃(1980—),女,浙江嵊州人,硕士,正高级农艺师,主要从事蔬菜新品种新技术研究与示范推广工作。E-mail:hffu223@163.com
基金资助:
杭州市农业与社会发展科研重点项目(202003A04);杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广基金(2022HNCT-02);浙江省农业(蔬菜新品种选育)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C2065)

Effects of compound substrate with residues of Solanaceous vegetables on cucumber seedling

FU Hongfei(), GUO Saisai, ZHENG Jirong

Institute of Vegetables, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

Received:2022-09-01 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为更好地解决茄果类蔬菜残体处置问题,以茄果类蔬菜残体为原料,以鸡粪、发酵菌剂为添加物,设置4个残体堆置发酵处理,将发酵完成残体与商品育苗基质复配成混合基质,研究混合基质对黄瓜种子出苗率、幼苗形态和叶绿素含量、幼苗生物量、幼苗根系生长指标的影响,并对幼苗生物量、根系指标等进行相关性分析。结果表明,没有添加物的茄果类蔬菜残体发酵后,与商品育苗基质1:3复配的混合基质,使单株黄瓜幼苗根系体积和根系表面积分别增加0.30 cm³和8.66 cm²。黄瓜幼苗干物质积累速率(G值)与单株鲜重、单株干重、地上部分干重、地下部分干重和壮苗指数呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;壮苗指数与单株鲜重、单株干重、地上部分干重和地下部分干重呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;干物质含量与单株鲜重呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。此外,黄瓜幼苗根尖数与根系长度、根系体积和根系表面积呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;根系长度与根系体积和根系表面积呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;根系直径与根尖数和根系长度呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。因此,没有添加物的茄果类蔬菜残体发酵后,与商品育苗基质1∶3配制成的混合基质适合黄瓜育苗。

关键词: 茄果类蔬菜残体, 混合基质, 育苗, 黄瓜, 相关性分析

Abstract:

To better address the disposal problem of vegetable residues of Solanaceae, 4 residue pile fermentation treatments were set up using vegetable residues of Solanaceae as raw materials, chicken manure, and fermentation bacterial agents as additives. The fermented residues were then blended with commercial seedling substrates to produce mixed substrates. The effects of the mixed substrates on cucumber seed germination rate, seedling morphology, chlorophyll content, seedling biomass, and seedling root growth indices were studied. The correlation analysis was also conducted on seedling biomass, root indices, and other factors. The results showed that when Solanaceae vegetable residues were fermented without additives and blended with commercial seedling substrates in a ratio of 1∶3, the volume and surface area of cucumber seedling root increased by 0.30 cm³ per plant and 8.66 cm² per plant, respectively. The growth rate of dry matter accumulation (G value) of the cucumber seedlings was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with fresh weight, dry weight, above ground dry weight, underground dry weight per plant and seedling index. The seedling index was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with fresh weight, dry weight, above ground dry weight and underground dry weight per plant. The dry matter content was significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with fresh weight per plant. In addition, the number of root tips of cucumber seedlings was significantly(P<0.01) positively correlated with root length, root volume, and root surface area. Root length was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with root volume and root surface area. Root diameter was negatively correlated with the number of root tips and root length. Therefore, when Solanaceae vegetable residues were fermented without additives and blended with commercial seedling substrates in a ratio of 1∶3, the resulting mixed substrates were suitable for cucumber seedling cultivation.

Key words: vegetable residues of Solanaceous, compound substrate, seedling, cucumber, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S642.2
S627

傅鸿妃, 郭赛赛, 郑积荣. 茄果类蔬菜残体混合基质对黄瓜育苗的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1805-1813.

FU Hongfei, GUO Saisai, ZHENG Jirong. Effects of compound substrate with residues of Solanaceous vegetables on cucumber seedling[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1805-1813.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	pH	EC值 EC value/ (mS·cm^-1)	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	总氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量 Total P content/ (μg·g^-1)	总钾含量 Total K content/ (mg·g^-1)
A₁T₃	7.2	0.88	0.23	3.05	348.07	21.18
A₂T₂	7.6	1.25	0.26	3.27	346.98	21.48
A₃T₁	7.5	1.58	0.30	3.15	348.82	22.48
B₁T₃	7.5	0.93	0.23	3.70	351.00	20.42
B₂T₂	7.6	1.28	0.25	3.53	354.62	19.97
B₃T₁	7.8	1.67	0.27	3.02	351.33	19.61
C₁T₃	7.1	0.96	0.23	3.71	342.15	22.03
C₂T₂	7.7	1.30	0.26	3.19	344.05	20.64
C₃T₁	7.8	1.86	0.29	2.93	345.21	22.82
D₁T₃	7.5	0.86	0.20	3.48	343.99	21.31
D₂T₂	7.7	1.23	0.23	3.70	338.76	22.90
D₃T₁	7.8	1.56	0.27	3.35	344.35	21.41
CK	5.8	0.53	0.18	3.48	343.18	21.61

处理 Treatment	pH	EC值 EC value/ (mS·cm^-1)	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	总氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量 Total P content/ (μg·g^-1)	总钾含量 Total K content/ (mg·g^-1)
A₁T₃	7.2	0.88	0.23	3.05	348.07	21.18
A₂T₂	7.6	1.25	0.26	3.27	346.98	21.48
A₃T₁	7.5	1.58	0.30	3.15	348.82	22.48
B₁T₃	7.5	0.93	0.23	3.70	351.00	20.42
B₂T₂	7.6	1.28	0.25	3.53	354.62	19.97
B₃T₁	7.8	1.67	0.27	3.02	351.33	19.61
C₁T₃	7.1	0.96	0.23	3.71	342.15	22.03
C₂T₂	7.7	1.30	0.26	3.19	344.05	20.64
C₃T₁	7.8	1.86	0.29	2.93	345.21	22.82
D₁T₃	7.5	0.86	0.20	3.48	343.99	21.31
D₂T₂	7.7	1.23	0.23	3.70	338.76	22.90
D₃T₁	7.8	1.56	0.27	3.35	344.35	21.41
CK	5.8	0.53	0.18	3.48	343.18	21.61

处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	干重Dry weight/g			壮苗指数 Seedling index	干物质含量 Dry matter content/%	G值 G value
处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	全株 Whole plant	地上部 Above ground	地下部 Underground	壮苗指数 Seedling index	干物质含量 Dry matter content/%	G值 G value
A₁T₃	4.565± 0.856 a	0.304± 0.083 a	0.265± 0.070 a	0.039± 0.014 a	0.054± 0.020 a	6.59± 0.64 c	0.023± 0.006 a
A₂T₂	2.475± 0.658 cd	0.222± 0.047 bcde	0.188± 0.039 bcd	0.034± 0.008 ab	0.048± 0.011 ab	9.06± 0.89 a	0.017± 0.004 bcde
A₃T₁	2.206± 0.065 d	0.189± 0.015 cdef	0.160± 0.012 cde	0.029± 0.003 ab	0.044± 0.006 ab	8.56± 0.44 a	0.015± 0.001 cdef
B₁T₃	3.324± 0.787 bc	0.227± 0.014 bcd	0.199± 0.014 bc	0.029± 0.004 ab	0.039± 0.004 ab	7.07± 1.60 bc	0.017± 0.001 bcd
B₂T₂	1.781± 0.444 d	0.162± 0.036 defg	0.138± 0.030 def	0.024± 0.006 b	0.037± 0.008 ab	9.16± 0.73 a	0.012± 0.003 defg
B₃T₁	1.948± 0.283 d	0.158± 0.033 efg	0.136± 0.030 def	0.022± 0.003 b	0.034± 0.005 ab	8.06± 0.68 ab	0.012± 0.003 efg
C₁T₃	3.116± 0.006 bc	0.218± 0.012 bcdef	0.196± 0.009 bcd	0.022± 0.003 b	0.031± 0.004 b	6.99± 0.36 bc	0.017± 0.001 bcde
C₂T₂	3.248± 0.381 bc	0.235± 0.033 bc	0.199± 0.020 bc	0.035± 0.013 ab	0.054± 0.019 a	7.21± 0.24 bc	0.018± 0.002 bc
C₃T₁	1.704± 0.354 d	0.119± 0.033 g	0.095± 0.030 f	0.023± 0.003 b	0.035± 0.003 ab	6.90± 0.48 bc	0.009± 0.003 g
D₁T₃	3.783± 0.657 ab	0.222± 0.027 bcde	0.200± 0.026 bc	0.022± 0.004 b	0.032± 0.006 b	5.91± 0.37 c	0.017± 0.002 bcde
D₂T₂	2.263± 0.209 d	0.146± 0.018 fg	0.122± 0.012 ef	0.024± 0.006 b	0.039± 0.012 ab	6.44± 0.19 c	0.011± 0.001 fg
D₃T₁	0.582± 0.124 e	0.047± 0.009 h	0.040± 0.007 g	0.008± 0.001 c	0.012± 0.002 c	8.18± 0.39 ab	0.004± 0.001 h
CK	4.355± 0.180 a	0.271± 0.031 ab	0.241± 0.020 ab	0.030± 0.014 ab	0.040± 0.018 ab	6.21± 0.59 c	0.021± 0.002 ab

处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	干重Dry weight/g			壮苗指数 Seedling index	干物质含量 Dry matter content/%	G值 G value
处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/g	全株 Whole plant	地上部 Above ground	地下部 Underground	壮苗指数 Seedling index	干物质含量 Dry matter content/%	G值 G value
A₁T₃	4.565± 0.856 a	0.304± 0.083 a	0.265± 0.070 a	0.039± 0.014 a	0.054± 0.020 a	6.59± 0.64 c	0.023± 0.006 a
A₂T₂	2.475± 0.658 cd	0.222± 0.047 bcde	0.188± 0.039 bcd	0.034± 0.008 ab	0.048± 0.011 ab	9.06± 0.89 a	0.017± 0.004 bcde
A₃T₁	2.206± 0.065 d	0.189± 0.015 cdef	0.160± 0.012 cde	0.029± 0.003 ab	0.044± 0.006 ab	8.56± 0.44 a	0.015± 0.001 cdef
B₁T₃	3.324± 0.787 bc	0.227± 0.014 bcd	0.199± 0.014 bc	0.029± 0.004 ab	0.039± 0.004 ab	7.07± 1.60 bc	0.017± 0.001 bcd
B₂T₂	1.781± 0.444 d	0.162± 0.036 defg	0.138± 0.030 def	0.024± 0.006 b	0.037± 0.008 ab	9.16± 0.73 a	0.012± 0.003 defg
B₃T₁	1.948± 0.283 d	0.158± 0.033 efg	0.136± 0.030 def	0.022± 0.003 b	0.034± 0.005 ab	8.06± 0.68 ab	0.012± 0.003 efg
C₁T₃	3.116± 0.006 bc	0.218± 0.012 bcdef	0.196± 0.009 bcd	0.022± 0.003 b	0.031± 0.004 b	6.99± 0.36 bc	0.017± 0.001 bcde
C₂T₂	3.248± 0.381 bc	0.235± 0.033 bc	0.199± 0.020 bc	0.035± 0.013 ab	0.054± 0.019 a	7.21± 0.24 bc	0.018± 0.002 bc
C₃T₁	1.704± 0.354 d	0.119± 0.033 g	0.095± 0.030 f	0.023± 0.003 b	0.035± 0.003 ab	6.90± 0.48 bc	0.009± 0.003 g
D₁T₃	3.783± 0.657 ab	0.222± 0.027 bcde	0.200± 0.026 bc	0.022± 0.004 b	0.032± 0.006 b	5.91± 0.37 c	0.017± 0.002 bcde
D₂T₂	2.263± 0.209 d	0.146± 0.018 fg	0.122± 0.012 ef	0.024± 0.006 b	0.039± 0.012 ab	6.44± 0.19 c	0.011± 0.001 fg
D₃T₁	0.582± 0.124 e	0.047± 0.009 h	0.040± 0.007 g	0.008± 0.001 c	0.012± 0.002 c	8.18± 0.39 ab	0.004± 0.001 h
CK	4.355± 0.180 a	0.271± 0.031 ab	0.241± 0.020 ab	0.030± 0.014 ab	0.040± 0.018 ab	6.21± 0.59 c	0.021± 0.002 ab

生物量 Biomass	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	地上部干重 Above ground dry weight	地下部干重 Underground dry weight	壮苗指数 Seedling index	干物质含量 Dry matter content
干重Dry weight	0.922^**
地上部干重Above ground dry weight	0.940^**	0.996^**
地下部干重Underground dry weight	0.609^**	0.811^**	0.754^**
壮苗指数Seedling index	0.539^**	0.746^**	0.685^	0.981^**
干物质含量Dry matter content	-0.565^**	-0.231	-0.268	0.058	0.09
G值G value	0.927^**	0.997^**	0.995^**	0.798^**	0.735^**	-0.239

茄果类蔬菜残体混合基质对黄瓜育苗的影响

Effects of compound substrate with residues of Solanaceous vegetables on cucumber seedling

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处理 Treatment	根系长度 Root length/m	根系直径 Root diameter/mm	根系体积 Root volume/cm³	根系表面积 Root superficial area/cm²	根尖数 Root tip number
A₁T₃	1.76±0.17 a	0.76±0.05 bcde	1.34±0.20 a	42.14±7.59 a	289.67±20.23 a
A₂T₂	0.86±0.34 c	0.65±0.07 ef	0.52±0.16 de	17.86±3.54 fg	170.00±14.11 c
A₃T₁	1.53±0.13 a	0.69±0.03 def	0.89±0.03 bc	32.87±1.78 bc	215.67±7.51 b
B₁T₃	0.74±0.25 cd	0.84±0.09 abc	0.65±0.11 cde	18.12±1.27 efg	141.67±31.21 cde
B₂T₂	0.78±0.32 cd	0.62±0.03 f	0.40±0.13 e	15.06±5.68 g	168.00±19.97 c
B₃T₁	0.47±0.18 de	0.89±0.14 ab	0.56±0.07 de	12.67±3.28 g	103.33±8.74 e
C₁T₃	0.77±0.12 cd	0.81±0.05 abcd	0.65±0.12 cde	19.52±2.59 defg	123.00±21.38 de
C₂T₂	1.54±0.12 a	0.82±0.03 abcd	1.29±0.17 a	39.01±1.81 ab	269.67±17.21 a
C₃T₁	1.11±0.20 bc	0.71±0.04 cdef	0.70±0.17 cd	24.62±4.49 def	159.67±38.37 cd
D₁T₃	1.07±0.20 c	0.79±0.03 abcd	0.88±0.19 bc	26.67±5.55 cd	178.00±42.58 bc
D₂T₂	1.06±0.20 c	0.79±0.02 abcd	0.85±0.12 bc	26.18±5.28 cde	180.00±25.24 bc
D₃T₁	0.16±0.10 e	0.91±0.16 a	0.16±0.07 f	4.44±2.31 h	33.67±15.63 f
CK	1.45±0.19 ab	0.76±0.05 bcdef	1.04±0.13 b	33.48±6.78 bc	274.33±20.13 a

指标 Indexes	根尖数 Root tip number	根系长度 Root length	根系直径 Root diameter	根系体积 Root volume
根系长度	0.909^**
Root length
根系直径	-0.381^*	-0.366^*
Root diameter
根系体积	0.857^**	0.878^**	-0.069
Root volume
根表面积	0.900^**	0.942^**	-0.245	0.942^**
Root surface area

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