长期有机无机肥配施对水稻生长、干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1815-1825.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.01

长期有机无机肥配施对水稻生长、干物质积累及产量的影响

杨胜玲¹(), 黄兴成¹^,²^,^*(), 李渝¹^,², 刘彦伶¹^,², 张雅蓉¹^,², 张艳¹, 张文安¹^,², 蒋太明²^,³^,^*()

1.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳 550006
2.农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州贵阳 550006
3.贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2021-03-01 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-09-30
通讯作者: 黄兴成,蒋太明
作者简介:黄兴成,E-mail: huangxc90@163.com
*蒋太明,E-mail: jtm532@163.com;
杨胜玲(1994—),女,水族,贵州榕江人,硕士,研究方向为植物营养学。E-mail: 1521812180@qq.com
基金资助:
贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合基础〔2020〕1Y411);国家自然科学基金(31860132);贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5604);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(黔科中引地〔2019〕4003号)

Effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice

YANG Shengling¹(), HUANG Xingcheng¹^,²^,^*(), LI Yu¹^,², LIU Yanling¹^,², ZHANG Yarong¹^,², ZHANG Yan¹, ZHANG Wen’an¹^,², JIANG Taiming²^,³^,^*()

1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006, China
3. Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China

Received:2021-03-01 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-30
Contact: HUANG Xingcheng,JIANG Taiming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确不同施肥处理对水稻生长、干物质积累、转运及产量的影响,为水稻的养分综合管理措施提供参考。依托25 a长期定位试验,通过大田试验方法,设置不施肥对照(CK),常规化肥(NPK)、25%有机肥替代化肥(1/4M+3/4NP)、50%有机肥替代化肥(1/2M+1/2NP)、100%有机肥替代化肥(M)和有机无机肥配施(MNPK)6个试验处理,探究不同施肥处理对水稻生长、干物质积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明,水稻地上部干物质积累量成熟期大小顺序表现为MNPK>1/4M+3/4NP>1/2M+1/2NP>NPK>M>CK,MNPK、1/4M+3/4NP处理分别较NPK处理籽粒增产12.42%、2.04%。水稻籽粒干物质积累量主要来源于花后干物质积累,各处理花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献率为50.17%~65.40%,其中,施用有机肥各处理显著高于CK和NPK处理。水稻成熟期,施用有机肥的各处理籽粒的比例均较CK和NPK处理高。有机无机肥配施各处理比CK或NPK处理显著促进水稻分蘖、提高叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值及叶面积指数,同时也显著优化水稻各产量构成因子,增加水稻产量。水稻各农艺性状与有效穗数呈显著或极显著正相关,与千粒重和穗粒数均呈正相关关系。长期施用有机肥条件下,25%的有机肥替代化肥促进水稻生长发育,提高干物质积累、转运,是黄壤性水稻土地区实现水稻增产的最佳施肥措施。

关键词: 水稻生长, 有机无机配施, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

The effects of different fertilization treatments on rice growth, dry matter accumulation, transport and yield were clarified, which provided reference for integrated nutrient management measures in rice. Relying on long-term trial for 25 years, through the field experiment method, 6 test processes including the no fertilizer control (CK), conventional fertilizer (NPK), 25% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer (1/4M + 3/4NP), 50% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(1/2M + 1/2NP), 100% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer (M) and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer (MNPK) were set up,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, dry matter accumulation, transportation and yield of rice were studied.The results showed that the above ground dry weight was as follows: MNPK>1/4M + 3/4NP>1/2M +1/2NP>NPK>M>CK,in which MNPK, 1/4M + 3/4NP increased the yield by 12.42% and 2.04%.The contribution rate of the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis was 50.17%-65.40%,and the organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than CK and NPK treatment.At the mature stage of rice, the ratio of rice grains treated with organic fertilizer was higher than that treated with CK and NPK.Compared with CK or NPK, the application of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly promoted rice tillering, increased relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value and leaf area index, and optimized rice yield components and increased rice yield.There was significant or extremely significant positive correlation between agronomic traits and effective panicle number, and positive correlation with 1 000-grain weight and grain number per panicle. Under the condition of long-term application of organic fertilizer, 25% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can promote rice growth and development, increase dry matter accumulation and transportation, which is the best fertilizer measure to increase rice yield in yellow loamy paddy soil area.

Key words: rice growth, organic and inorganic fertilization, dry matter, production

中图分类号:

S511

杨胜玲, 黄兴成, 李渝, 刘彦伶, 张雅蓉, 张艳, 张文安, 蒋太明. 长期有机无机肥配施对水稻生长、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(9): 1815-1825.

YANG Shengling, HUANG Xingcheng, LI Yu, LIU Yanling, ZHANG Yarong, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Wen’an, JIANG Taiming. Effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(9): 1815-1825.

图/表 11

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处理 Treatment	化肥Chemical fertilizer			有机肥Organic fertilizer			总量Total nutrient input
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NPK	165.0	82.5	82.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165.0	82.5	82.5
1/4M+3/4NP	123.8	62.7	0	41.2	19.8	91.7	165.0	82.5	91.7
1/2M+1/2NP	82.5	42.8	0	82.5	39.7	183.3	165.0	82.5	183.3
M	0	0	0	165.0	79.4	366.7	165.0	79.4	366.7
MNPK	165.0	82.5	82.5	165.0	79.4	366.7	330.0	161.9	449.2

处理 Treatment	化肥Chemical fertilizer			有机肥Organic fertilizer			总量Total nutrient input
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NPK	165.0	82.5	82.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165.0	82.5	82.5
1/4M+3/4NP	123.8	62.7	0	41.2	19.8	91.7	165.0	82.5	91.7
1/2M+1/2NP	82.5	42.8	0	82.5	39.7	183.3	165.0	82.5	183.3
M	0	0	0	165.0	79.4	366.7	165.0	79.4	366.7
MNPK	165.0	82.5	82.5	165.0	79.4	366.7	330.0	161.9	449.2

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed N/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	7.02 a	39.70 b	8.33 d	116.67 d	250.00 d
NPK	6.74 ab	48.18 ab	15.43 c	122.00 d	264.33 d
1/4M+3/4NP	6.74 ab	53.15 a	20.57 b	168.67 bc	357.33 b
1/2M+1/2NP	6.53 b	48.57 ab	16.93 c	153.33 c	296.67 c
M	6.42 b	57.24 a	16.83 c	188.67 ab	335.00 b
MNPK	6.70 ab	59.31 a	32.40 a	193.33 a	386.33 a

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed N/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	7.02 a	39.70 b	8.33 d	116.67 d	250.00 d
NPK	6.74 ab	48.18 ab	15.43 c	122.00 d	264.33 d
1/4M+3/4NP	6.74 ab	53.15 a	20.57 b	168.67 bc	357.33 b
1/2M+1/2NP	6.53 b	48.57 ab	16.93 c	153.33 c	296.67 c
M	6.42 b	57.24 a	16.83 c	188.67 ab	335.00 b
MNPK	6.70 ab	59.31 a	32.40 a	193.33 a	386.33 a

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	积累量Accumulation amount/(kg·hm^-2)		积累率 Accumulation rate/%		转运量 Translocation amount/ (kg·hm^-2)	转运率 Translocation rate/%	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution to grain/%
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	花前 Pre-anthesis	花后 Post-anthesis	花前 Pre-anthesis	花后 Post-anthesis	转运量 Translocation amount/ (kg·hm^-2)	转运率 Translocation rate/%	转运量 Translocation amount	花后积累量 Post-anthesis accumulation
CK	5 375.82 c	2 295.77 d	70.11 a	29.89 c	1 901.85 b	34.98 bc	46.13 ab	53.87 ab
NPK	10 278.77 b	4 261.73 c	69.90 ab	30.10 bc	4 321.66 ab	43.12 ab	49.83 a	50.17 b
1/4M+3/4NP	11 412.17 b	5 133.61 bc	68.99 abc	31.01 abc	3 912.70 ab	34.45 bc	42.83 ab	57.17 ab
1/2M+1/2NP	9 876.58 b	5 370.54 b	65.13 bc	34.87 ab	2 849.48 b	28.48 c	34.60 b	65.40 a
M	10 419.64 b	4 869.30 bc	65.74 bc	34.26 ab	3 911.21 ab	41.96 ab	44.65 ab	55.35 ab
MNPK	15 204.36 a	6 772.54 a	61.99 d	38.01 a	5 337.00 a	47.58 a	43.81 ab	56.19 ab

长期有机无机肥配施对水稻生长、干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice

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处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective spike(10⁶hm^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	穗粒数/粒 Grain number per spike	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	1.41±0.07 e	91.17±3.76 a	27.38±1.02 b	128.21±6.09 ab	4 660±159 b
NPK	2.54±0.46 bc	92.16±3.41 a	29.3±0.37 a	126.56±13.79 ab	9 168±280 a
1/4M+3/4NP	2.90±0.10 ab	91.02±7.64 a	28.89±0.38 a	130.71±11.09 ab	9 355±2 091 a
1/2M+1/2NP	2.37±0.18 cd	95.60±0.81 a	28.48±1.39 ab	122.33±10.15 b	8 846±1 755 a
M	2.12±0.08 d	94.25±2.04 a	28.93±0.22 a	144.88±11.4 ab	8 656±320 a
MNPK	3.01±0.18 a	89.30±2.41 a	28.32±0.25 ab	147.08±2.93 a	10 307±1 299 a

指标 Index	有效穗数 Effective spike	结实率 Seed setting rate	千粒重 1 000-grain weight	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	茎蘖数 Tiller number	干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation	SPAD	叶面积指数 Leaf area index
结实率Seed setting rate	-0.278
千粒重1 000-grain weight	0.608	0.240
穗粒数Grain number per spike	0.289	-0.435	0.081
茎蘖数Tiller number	0.980^**	-0.221	0.563	0.386
干物质积累	0.939^**	-0.117	0.624	0.483	0.979^**
Dry matter accumulation
SPAD	0.933^**	-0.292	0.478	0.507	0.980^**	0.963^**
叶面积指数Leaf area index	0.918^**	-0.442	0.319	0.535	0.950^**	0.915^*	0.968^**
产量Yield	0.937^**	-0.030	0.744	0.366	0.962^**	0.979^**	0.932^**	0.844^*

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