花铃期持续干旱胁迫对棉花生长与土壤干旱阈值的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230517

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 738-747.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230517

花铃期持续干旱胁迫对棉花生长与土壤干旱阈值的影响

杨明凤¹^,²(), 吉春容²^,³^,^*(), 刘勇¹, 白书军¹, 陈雪⁴, 刘爱琳⁴

1.乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子 832199
2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
3.新疆兴农网信息中心(新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台),新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
4.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2023-04-21 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-04-29
作者简介:杨明凤(1985—),女,河南信阳人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为农林业气象灾害。E-mail:490109498@qq.com
通讯作者: *吉春容,E-mail: jcr83@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B13);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2020005);国家自然科学基金(41975146)

Effects of continuous drought stress on cotton growth and soil drought threshold at flowering and boll stage

YANG Mingfeng¹^,²(), JI Chunrong²^,³^,^*(), LIU Yong¹, BAI Shujun¹, CHEN Xue⁴, LIU Ailin⁴

1. Wulanwusu Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station, Shihezi 832199, Xinjiang, China
2. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
3. Xinjiang Xingnong Network Information Center (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Meteorological Observatory), Urumqi 830002, China
4. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830002, China

Received:2023-04-21 Online:2024-04-25 Published:2024-04-29
Contact: JI Chunrong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究花铃期持续干旱胁迫对棉花生长的影响,以及土壤干旱阈值的定量表达和干旱阈值,以棉花品种新陆早78号为试验材料,在花铃期设计正常灌溉和不同程度干旱处理(正常灌溉用水量的90%、70%、50%、30%),测定不同处理下棉花光合作用、农艺性状和土壤相对含水量的变化规律。结果表明:各程度干旱处理与正常灌溉相比,土壤相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片相对含水量、株高、蕾铃干重等均下降,且下降幅度随干旱持续时间延长而增加,最终导致产量降低;棉花光合作用和农艺性状与土壤相对含水量变化相关,存在阈值反应;以减产5%、10%、20%作为临界点,将干旱程度D值与产量、干旱持续时间进行线性相关分析,确定轻度干旱阈值为0.253,中度干旱阈值为0.387,重度干旱阈值为0.655,且干旱胁迫程度越高,干旱阈值发生时间越早。研究确定了棉花花铃期不同程度干旱胁迫下的土壤干旱阈值指标及其发生时间,为棉花大田生产合理、及时调亏灌溉提供了参考。

关键词: 棉花, 干旱胁迫, 光合作用, 干旱阈值

Abstract:

To study the impact of continuous drought stress during the flowering and boll stage on cotton growth, as well as the quantitative expression and thresholds of soil drought, the cotton variety Xinluzao 78 was used as the experimental material. During the flowering and boll stage, different levels of drought treatments were designed (normal irrigation, and 90%, 70%, 50%, and 30% of the normal irrigation water amount), and the changes in cotton photosynthesis, agronomic traits, and soil relative water content under different treatments were measured. The results showed that compared with normal irrigation, soil relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf relative water content, plant height, and boll dry weight all decreased under different degrees of drought treatment, and the decrease was more significant as the duration of drought increased, ultimately leading to reduced yield. The photosynthesis and agronomic traits of cotton were correlated with changes in soil relative water content, showing a threshold response. By using a 5%, 10%, and 20% reduction in yield as the critical points, a linear correlation analysis was conducted between the drought degree D value, yield, and drought duration. The thresholds for mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought were determined to be 0.253, 0.387, and 0.655, respectively, with higher levels of drought stress leading to earlier occurrence of drought thresholds. This study established the soil drought threshold indicators and their occurrence times under different levels of drought stress during the cotton flowering and boll stage, providing a reference for reasonable and timely deficit irrigation in cotton field production.

Key words: cotton, drought stress, photosynthesis, drought threshold

中图分类号:

S562

杨明凤, 吉春容, 刘勇, 白书军, 陈雪, 刘爱琳. 花铃期持续干旱胁迫对棉花生长与土壤干旱阈值的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(4): 738-747.

YANG Mingfeng, JI Chunrong, LIU Yong, BAI Shujun, CHEN Xue, LIU Ailin. Effects of continuous drought stress on cotton growth and soil drought threshold at flowering and boll stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(4): 738-747.

图/表 7

图1 不同程度干旱胁迫下棉花的光合参数 T30、T50、T70、T90、CK分别代表花铃期正常灌溉量的30%、50%、70%、90%和100%;相同日期的柱上无相同字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。下同。

Fig.1 Photosynthetic parameters of cotton under different drought stress degrees T30, T50, T70, T90, and CK represent irrigation levels during the flowering and boll stage at 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% of the normal irrigation amount, respectively; Data at the same date marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant differences between treatments at P<0.05. The same as below.

图2 不同程度干旱胁迫下的棉花农艺性状

Fig.2 Agronomic traits of cotton under different drought stress degrees

表1 不同干旱胁迫处理对棉花产量构成因素的影响

Table 1 Effects of different drought stress treatments on components of cotton yield

处理 Treatment	总蕾铃数 Total number of bolls	单株蕾铃数 Number of bolls per plant	单铃重 Single boll weight/g	每667 m²产量 Yield per 667 m²/kg
CK	27.0 ab	7.3 a	5.7 a	295.4 a
T90	27.8 a	6.0 ab	5.7 a	286.5 a
T70	28.0 a	5.0 bc	4.7 b	269.7 b
T50	23.0 bc	4.3 c	4.8 b	240.5 c
T30	22.0 c	3.8 c	4.1 c	194.9 d

图3 0~50 cm各土层相对含水量变化

Fig.3 Relative water content in 0-50 cm soil layer

图4 干旱程度D值与棉花产量线性回归

Fig.4 Linear regression of drought degree D value and cotton yield

表2 干旱阈值计算与干旱等级评估

Table 2 Calculation of drought threshold and evaluation of drought grade

处理 Treatment	减产幅度 Yield reduction/%	干旱程度(D值) Degree of soil drought (D value)	干旱等级 Drought grade
CK	0	0	无旱No drought
T90	3.0	0.267	无旱No drought
T70	8.7	0.423	轻度干旱
			Mild drought
T50	18.6	0.746	中度干旱
			Moderate drought
T30	34.0	0.832	重度干旱
			Severe drought

表3 不同干旱胁迫条件下干旱程度D值的回归方程及干旱发生时间

Table 3 Regression equation of D value of drought degree and drought time (d) under different drought stress conditions

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	所需时间Time taken/d
处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	轻度干旱Mild drought	中度干旱Moderate drought	重度干旱Severe drought
T70	D = 0.011 94t + 0.067 4	0.965 5	15.8	26.8	49.0
T50	D = 0.021 89t + 0.089 7	0.978 8	7.5	13.6	25.8
T30	D = 0.024 90t + 0.086 3	0.956 3	6.7	12.7	22.9

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花铃期持续干旱胁迫对棉花生长与土壤干旱阈值的影响

Effects of continuous drought stress on cotton growth and soil drought threshold at flowering and boll stage

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