干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.04

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2610-2621.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.04

干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响

李欣燕¹(), 王方玲¹^,², 张明月¹, 邵志晖¹, 王俊³, 阳苇丽⁴, 赵铭钦¹^,^*()

1.河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州 450002
2.湖北省十堰市烟草公司竹山烟叶分公司,湖北竹山 442200
3.四川省烟草公司德阳市公司,四川德阳 618400
4.四川省烟草公司达州市公司,四川达州 635000

收稿日期:2022-03-24 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 赵铭钦
作者简介:*赵铭钦,E-mail:zhaomingqin@126.com
李欣燕(1998—),女,安徽阜阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事烟草化学与香精香料研究。E-mail:lixinyan1618@163.com
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司四川省公司重大科技攻关项目(scyc201913)

Effects of water retaining agent on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and neutral aroma substances content in cigar tobacco leaves under drought stress

LI Xinyan¹(), WANG Fangling¹^,², ZHANG Mingyue¹, SHAO Zhihui¹, WANG Jun³, YANG Weili⁴, ZHAO Mingqin¹^,^*()

1. College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2. Zhushan Tobacco Branch of Shiyan City Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Zhushan 442200, Hubei, China
3. Deyang City Company of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Deyang 618400, Sichuan, China
4. Dazhou City Company of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-03-24 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: ZHAO Mingqin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究干旱胁迫下保水剂种类和用量对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和香气质量的影响,以德雪3号为试材,采用盆栽试验研究不同保水剂种类(SAP保水剂、沃特保水剂和自制保水剂TS-PAA)与用量(2、4、6 g·株^-1)下的雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性致香成分含量变化。结果表明:1)使用保水剂可有效提高雪茄烟生长发育前期(45 d以前)氮代谢强度,加速氮素营养向烟碱的转化与积累,削弱后期(60 d以后)氮代谢强度,使烟碱的积累程度明显减弱,75 d时各处理的烟碱含量较对照均有大幅度下降,以TS-PAA 2 g·株^-1处理降幅最大,为32.26%。2)使用保水剂能加速中后期(45 d以后)碳代谢进程,促进雪茄烟叶中淀粉、总糖、还原糖含量增加,其中以TS-PAA 4 g·株^-1处理增幅最高,较CK增幅分别为327.28%、80.51%、79.54%,糖碱比增幅161.90%,两糖比(还原糖/总糖)均维持在0.9左右。3)使用保水剂还能显著延迟叶片衰老,提升烟株的抗旱能力,促进雪茄烟叶中性致香成分积累。4)在干旱协迫条件下,保水剂的使用有利于促进雪茄烟叶生长发育过程中碳氮代谢的合理转化与动态平衡,提升烟叶品质。不同处理比较,TS-PAA、沃特保水剂处理以4 g·株^-1,SAP保水剂处理以6 g·株^-1用量时作用效果最佳。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 保水剂, 雪茄烟叶, 碳氮代谢, 香气物质

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of types and dosage of water retaining agents on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and aroma quality of cigar tobacco leaves under drought stress, Dexue 3 was used as the test material to study the changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and neutral aroma components content in cigar tobacco leaves under the effects of types and dosage of water retaining agents (SAP water retaining agent, Wote water retaining agent and self-made water retaining agent) and dosage (2, 4, 6 g per plant). The results showed that: 1) The use of water retaining agent could effectively improve the nitrogen metabolism intensity in the early stage (before 45 days) of cigar tobacco growth and development, accelerate the transformation and accumulation of nitrogen nutrition to nicotine, weaken the nitrogen metabolism intensity in the late stage (after 60 days), and significantly weaken the nicotine accumulation. At 75 days, the nicotine content of each treatment was significantly reduced compared with the control, and the TS-PAA 2 g per plant treatment had the largest reduction, with a decrease of 32.26%. 2) The use of water retaining agent could accelerate the level of carbon metabolism in the middle and late stages (after 45 days), and promote the increase of starch, total sugar and reducing sugar content in cigar tobacco leaves. Among them, TS-PAA 4 g per plant treatment had the highest increase, increasing 327.28%, 80.51% and 79.54%, respectively compared with the control. The sugar base ratio increased by 161.90%, and the two sugar ratios (reducing sugar/total sugar) were maintained at about 0.9. 3) The use of water retaining agent could also significantly delay leaf senescence, improve the drought resistance of tobacco plants, and promote the accumulation of neutral aroma components in cigar tobacco leaves. 4) Under drought stress, the use of water retaining agent was conducive to promoting the reasonable transformation and dynamic balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism during the growth and development of cigar tobacco leaves, and improving the quality of tobacco leaves. Compared with different treatments, TS-PAA and Wote water retaining agent had the best effect at the dosage of 4 g per plant and SAP water retaining agent at the dosage of 6 g per plant.

Key words: drought stress, water retaining agent, cigar tobacco leaves, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, aroma substances

中图分类号:

S572

李欣燕, 王方玲, 张明月, 邵志晖, 王俊, 阳苇丽, 赵铭钦. 干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2610-2621.

LI Xinyan, WANG Fangling, ZHANG Mingyue, SHAO Zhihui, WANG Jun, YANG Weili, ZHAO Mingqin. Effects of water retaining agent on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and neutral aroma substances content in cigar tobacco leaves under drought stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2610-2621.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	保水剂种类 Types of water retention agents	每颗植株保水剂用量 Dosage of water retention agent per plant/g
CK	—	0
T1	TS-PAA	2
T2	TS-PAA	4
T3	TS-PAA	6
T4	SAP	2
T5	SAP	4
T6	SAP	6
T7	沃特Wote	2
T8	沃特Wote	4
T9	沃特Wote	6

处理 Treatment	保水剂种类 Types of water retention agents	每颗植株保水剂用量 Dosage of water retention agent per plant/g
CK	—	0
T1	TS-PAA	2
T2	TS-PAA	4
T3	TS-PAA	6
T4	SAP	2
T5	SAP	4
T6	SAP	6
T7	沃特Wote	2
T8	沃特Wote	4
T9	沃特Wote	6

香气物质名称	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9
Name of aroma substance
苯丙氨酸降解产物Phenylalanine degradation product
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	1.35	1.43	1.65	1.47	1.35	1.39	1.4	1.49	1.51	1.62
苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	8.73	8.65	9.01	8.20	8.80	8.80	9.10	9.11	9.57	9.71
苯乙醛Benzaldehyde	11.37	12.13	13.12	12.48	11.86	12.12	12.1	11.77	12.73	12.71
苯乙醇Phenethyl alcohol	4.26	5.09	6.10	5.36	4.21	4.77	5.12	6.11	6.34	5.28
小计Subtotal	25.71	27.30	29.88	27.51	26.22	27.08	27.72	28.48	30.15	29.32
棕色化反应产物Browning reaction products
糠醛Furfural	6.32	7.75	8.03	8.09	6.36	7.01	7.03	7.01	7.45	7.50
糠醇Furfuryl alcohol	1.45	1.65	2.01	1.61	1.46	1.53	1.60	1.80	2.22	2.09
2-乙酰基呋喃2-Acetyl furan	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.04
2-乙酰基吡咯2-Acetyl pyrrole	0.22	0.33	0.45	0.32	0.26	0.27	0.31	0.33	0.38	0.33
3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮	0.42	0.52	0.58	0.61	0.46	0.45	0.50	0.52	0.66	0.59
3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-furandione
5-甲基糠醛5-Methylfurfural	0.83	1.00	1.14	0.97	0.88	0.91	1.02	1.01	1.23	1.10
小计Subtotal	9.25	11.27	12.25	11.61	9.43	10.19	10.5	10.68	11.97	11.65
西柏烷类降解产物Sieplane degradation products
茄酮Solanone	30.11	35.33	49.19	42.42	32.05	35.79	42.12	45.13	49.36	40.32
类胡萝卜素降解产物Carotenoid degradation products
巨豆三烯酮1 Giant bean trienone 1	0.49	0.69	0.96	0.79	0.56	0.60	0.63	0.73	0.95	1.01
巨豆三烯酮2 Giant bean trienone 2	3.43	3.79	4.83	4.11	3.46	3.63	3.83	3.82	4.19	3.99
巨豆三烯酮3 Giant bean trienone 3	0.12	0.23	0.36	0.31	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.21	0.23	0.28
巨豆三烯酮4 Giant bean trienone 4	5.39	6.33	7.54	6.87	5.39	5.63	6.11	6.01	7.52	6.78
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol	1.15	1.39	2.32	2.00	1.04	1.33	1.71	1.54	1.85	2.03
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	1.05	1.26	2.05	1.66	1.16	1.51	1.93	1.22	1.29	1.79
异佛尔酮Isophorone	0.11	0.14	0.23	0.20	0.12	0.15	0.19	0.18	0.26	0.29
b-环柠檬醛b-Cyclocitral	0.02	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.11	0.18
β-大马酮β-Damarone	10.05	11.12	12.01	13.39	10.76	10.78	11.01	11.01	12.34	13.38
β-二氢大马酮 β-Dihydrodamamanone	6.53	6.82	8.61	7.38	6.78	7.01	7.08	6.78	7.01	7.29
香叶基丙酮 Geranyl acetone	2.01	2.49	3.39	2.31	1.92	2.19	2.43	2.45	3.01	3.11
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydrokiwi lactone	3.41	4.18	5.13	3.69	3.19	3.49	3.78	3.86	4.38	4.37
3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮	5.18	6.01	6.67	5.19	5.28	5.98	6.19	5.89	5.65	6.43
3-Hydroxy-β-dihydrodamamanone
法尼基丙酮Farnesylacetone	14.98	16.21	18.21	16.51	16.11	16.52	17.08	16.09	17.69	17.98
小计Subtotal	53.92	60.72	72.40	64.50	55.98	59.04	62.23	59.85	66.48	68.91
叶绿素降解产物Chlorophyll degradation products
新植二烯Neophytadiene	401.16	420.16	483.74	441.01	416.23	430.13	463.23	435.35	498.46	486.16
其他Others
螺岩兰草酮 Spirophromethamine	0.33	0.46	0.56	0.43	0.26	0.37	0.46	0.42	0.43	0.56
芳樟醇 Linalool	3.23	4.02	4.98	4.68	3.58	3.71	4.03	3.67	3.83	4.53
藏花醛 Tibetan anthocherdehyde	0.06	0.20	0.16	0.13	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.14	0.16
愈创木酚 Guaiacol	0.39	0.49	0.66	0.60	0.47	0.51	0.52	0.51	0.58	0.62
2,6-壬二烯醛 2,6-Nonadienal	0.45	0.51	0.55	0.49	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.49	0.51	0.54
小计Subtotal	4.46	5.68	6.91	6.33	4.83	5.12	5.55	5.19	5.49	6.41
总和(除新植二烯)Sum (except neophytadiene)	123.45	140.30	170.63	152.37	128.51	137.22	148.12	149.33	163.45	156.61

香气物质名称	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9
Name of aroma substance
苯丙氨酸降解产物Phenylalanine degradation product
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	1.35	1.43	1.65	1.47	1.35	1.39	1.4	1.49	1.51	1.62
苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	8.73	8.65	9.01	8.20	8.80	8.80	9.10	9.11	9.57	9.71
苯乙醛Benzaldehyde	11.37	12.13	13.12	12.48	11.86	12.12	12.1	11.77	12.73	12.71
苯乙醇Phenethyl alcohol	4.26	5.09	6.10	5.36	4.21	4.77	5.12	6.11	6.34	5.28
小计Subtotal	25.71	27.30	29.88	27.51	26.22	27.08	27.72	28.48	30.15	29.32
棕色化反应产物Browning reaction products
糠醛Furfural	6.32	7.75	8.03	8.09	6.36	7.01	7.03	7.01	7.45	7.50
糠醇Furfuryl alcohol	1.45	1.65	2.01	1.61	1.46	1.53	1.60	1.80	2.22	2.09
2-乙酰基呋喃2-Acetyl furan	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.04
2-乙酰基吡咯2-Acetyl pyrrole	0.22	0.33	0.45	0.32	0.26	0.27	0.31	0.33	0.38	0.33
3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮	0.42	0.52	0.58	0.61	0.46	0.45	0.50	0.52	0.66	0.59
3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-furandione
5-甲基糠醛5-Methylfurfural	0.83	1.00	1.14	0.97	0.88	0.91	1.02	1.01	1.23	1.10
小计Subtotal	9.25	11.27	12.25	11.61	9.43	10.19	10.5	10.68	11.97	11.65
西柏烷类降解产物Sieplane degradation products
茄酮Solanone	30.11	35.33	49.19	42.42	32.05	35.79	42.12	45.13	49.36	40.32
类胡萝卜素降解产物Carotenoid degradation products
巨豆三烯酮1 Giant bean trienone 1	0.49	0.69	0.96	0.79	0.56	0.60	0.63	0.73	0.95	1.01
巨豆三烯酮2 Giant bean trienone 2	3.43	3.79	4.83	4.11	3.46	3.63	3.83	3.82	4.19	3.99
巨豆三烯酮3 Giant bean trienone 3	0.12	0.23	0.36	0.31	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.21	0.23	0.28
巨豆三烯酮4 Giant bean trienone 4	5.39	6.33	7.54	6.87	5.39	5.63	6.11	6.01	7.52	6.78
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol	1.15	1.39	2.32	2.00	1.04	1.33	1.71	1.54	1.85	2.03
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	1.05	1.26	2.05	1.66	1.16	1.51	1.93	1.22	1.29	1.79
异佛尔酮Isophorone	0.11	0.14	0.23	0.20	0.12	0.15	0.19	0.18	0.26	0.29
b-环柠檬醛b-Cyclocitral	0.02	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.11	0.18
β-大马酮β-Damarone	10.05	11.12	12.01	13.39	10.76	10.78	11.01	11.01	12.34	13.38
β-二氢大马酮 β-Dihydrodamamanone	6.53	6.82	8.61	7.38	6.78	7.01	7.08	6.78	7.01	7.29
香叶基丙酮 Geranyl acetone	2.01	2.49	3.39	2.31	1.92	2.19	2.43	2.45	3.01	3.11
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydrokiwi lactone	3.41	4.18	5.13	3.69	3.19	3.49	3.78	3.86	4.38	4.37
3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮	5.18	6.01	6.67	5.19	5.28	5.98	6.19	5.89	5.65	6.43
3-Hydroxy-β-dihydrodamamanone
法尼基丙酮Farnesylacetone	14.98	16.21	18.21	16.51	16.11	16.52	17.08	16.09	17.69	17.98
小计Subtotal	53.92	60.72	72.40	64.50	55.98	59.04	62.23	59.85	66.48	68.91
叶绿素降解产物Chlorophyll degradation products
新植二烯Neophytadiene	401.16	420.16	483.74	441.01	416.23	430.13	463.23	435.35	498.46	486.16
其他Others
螺岩兰草酮 Spirophromethamine	0.33	0.46	0.56	0.43	0.26	0.37	0.46	0.42	0.43	0.56
芳樟醇 Linalool	3.23	4.02	4.98	4.68	3.58	3.71	4.03	3.67	3.83	4.53
藏花醛 Tibetan anthocherdehyde	0.06	0.20	0.16	0.13	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.14	0.16
愈创木酚 Guaiacol	0.39	0.49	0.66	0.60	0.47	0.51	0.52	0.51	0.58	0.62
2,6-壬二烯醛 2,6-Nonadienal	0.45	0.51	0.55	0.49	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.49	0.51	0.54
小计Subtotal	4.46	5.68	6.91	6.33	4.83	5.12	5.55	5.19	5.49	6.41
总和(除新植二烯)Sum (except neophytadiene)	123.45	140.30	170.63	152.37	128.51	137.22	148.12	149.33	163.45	156.61

干旱胁迫下保水剂对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢和中性香气物质含量的影响

Effects of water retaining agent on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and neutral aroma substances content in cigar tobacco leaves under drought stress

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