减氮增碳对长江流域棉花生产和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240343

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 869-879.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240343

减氮增碳对长江流域棉花生产和氮素吸收利用的影响

秦宇坤(), 陈俊英, 王玉萍, 张丽娟^*()

江西省经济作物研究所特色果树茶叶种植与高值利用江西省重点实验室,江西九江 332105

收稿日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-09
作者简介:秦宇坤(1993—),男,河南开封人,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为棉花高产栽培。E-mail:18236411280@163.com
通讯作者: *张丽娟,E-mail:416599139@qq.com
基金资助:
江西省重点研发计划项目(20192BBFL60005);江西省棉花产业技术体系项目(JXARS-22-赣北片);棉花“直密矮”轻简高效种植技术集成与示范推广项目

Effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing carbon on cotton production and nitrogen absorption and utilization in the Yangtze River Basin of China

QIN Yukun(), CHEN Junying, WANG Yuping, ZHANG Lijuan^*()

Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plantation and High Valued Utilization of Specialty Fruit Tree and Tea, Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute, Jiujiang 332105, Jiangxi, China

Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究长江流域直播棉光合特性、产量、氮素吸收利用、土壤养分对减氮增碳措施的响应,筛选适宜的施氮方式,以棉花品种赣棉杂0906为对象,设置4种施氮方式[N0,不施氮;N1,常规施氮,施氮量(折纯,下同)345 kg·hm^-2;N2,减氮20%,施氮量276 kg·hm^-2;N3,减氮增碳,施氮量276 kg·hm^-2,其中,由有机肥提供的纯氮为27.6 kg·hm^-2],测定功能叶光合参数、群体生物量、产量及其构成因素、氮素吸收利用、土壤养分含量的变化。结果表明,与N0相比,2020年和2021年各施氮处理盛铃期的净光合速率分别显著(P<0.05)增加13.47%~33.38%和30.32%~39.64%。与N1相比,N2、N3处理未显著降低棉花功能叶的胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。与N1相比,N3处理未显著降低棉花群体生物量、籽棉产量。2020年,N3处理的氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力分别较N1处理显著增加16.62%、19.15%,在2021年分别显著增加21.03%、22.14%。两年间,N3处理的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量未较N1处理显著降低,可保持土壤养分稳定,2020年的土壤硝态氮含量还较N1处理显著降低49.72%。综上,较常规施氮量降低20%,并利用有机肥替代10%的化肥,能够稳定棉花产量,提升氮肥利用率,保持土壤养分,有利于长江流域棉区的绿色发展。

关键词: 棉花, 减氮增碳, 光合特性, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

In order to explore the response of photosynthetic characteristics, yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization, and soil nutrients of direct seeding cotton in the Yangtze River Basin to nitrogen reduction and carbon increment measures, and screen suitable nitrogen application methods, cotton variety Ganmianza 0906 was selected as the object, four nitrogen application methods were set [N0, no nitrogen applied; N1, conventional nitrogen application, nitrogen rate of 345 kg·hm^-2 for pure N; N2, 20% nitrogen reduction, nitrogen rate of 276 kg·hm^-2 for pure N; N3, nitrogen reduction and carbon increment, nitrogen rate of 276 kg·hm^-2 for pure N, and 10% of pure N provided by organic fertilizer], the changes of photosynthetic parameters of functional leaves, population biomass, yield and its components, nitrogen absorption and utilization, and soil nutrients content were determined. The results showed that compared with N0, the net photosynthetic rate of the treatments with nitrogen application at full boll stage was increased significantly (P<0.05) by 13.47%-33.38% in 2020 and 30.32%-39.64% in 2021. Compared with N1 treatment, N2 and N3 treatments did not significantly reduce the intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of cotton functional leaves. Compared with the N1 treatment, N3 treatment did not significantly reduce cotton population biomass and seed cotton yield. The agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer under N3 treatment were significantly increased by 16.62% and 19.15%, respectively, in 2020 as compared with the N1 treatment, and by 21.03% and 22.14%, respectively, in 2021. In 2020-2021, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium under N3 treatment were not significantly lower than those under the N1 treatment, which could maintain the stability of soil nutrients. In 2020, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen was significantly lower under N3 treatment than that under N1 treatment by 49.72%. To sum up, it could stabilize cotton yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency, maintain soil nutrients by reducing the application rate of nitrogen by 20% from the conventional application rate, coupled with organic fertilizer replacing 10% of the total nitrogen, which is conducive to the green development of cotton production in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: cotton, reducing nitrogen and increasing carbon, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, nitrogen utilization rate

中图分类号:

S562.062

秦宇坤, 陈俊英, 王玉萍, 张丽娟. 减氮增碳对长江流域棉花生产和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(4): 869-879.

QIN Yukun, CHEN Junying, WANG Yuping, ZHANG Lijuan. Effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing carbon on cotton production and nitrogen absorption and utilization in the Yangtze River Basin of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(4): 869-879.

图/表 5

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单铃重 Single boll weight/g	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm^-2)
2020	N0	4.29±0.24 b	13.53±2.77 c	1 262.65±188.65 b
	N1	5.41±0.20 a	28.47±1.33 a	3 802.00±119.00 a
	N2	5.34±0.20 a	24.07±1.43 b	3 693.00±58.50 a
	N3	5.53±0.07 a	26.53±1.03 ab	3 716.00±59.50 a
2021	N0	4.20 ±0.15 b	10.17 ±0.77 b	1 128.00±18.00 c
	N1	5.40 ±0.14 a	24.90±1.80 a	3 639.50±71.50 a
	N2	5.30 ±0.25 a	24.07 ±2.57 a	3 262.00±68.50 b
	N3	5.41 ±0.54 a	26.40±2.50 a	3 470.00 ±169.50 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单铃重 Single boll weight/g	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/(kg·hm^-2)
2020	N0	4.29±0.24 b	13.53±2.77 c	1 262.65±188.65 b
	N1	5.41±0.20 a	28.47±1.33 a	3 802.00±119.00 a
	N2	5.34±0.20 a	24.07±1.43 b	3 693.00±58.50 a
	N3	5.53±0.07 a	26.53±1.03 ab	3 716.00±59.50 a
2021	N0	4.20 ±0.15 b	10.17 ±0.77 b	1 128.00±18.00 c
	N1	5.40 ±0.14 a	24.90±1.80 a	3 639.50±71.50 a
	N2	5.30 ±0.25 a	24.07 ±2.57 a	3 262.00±68.50 b
	N3	5.41 ±0.54 a	26.40±2.50 a	3 470.00 ±169.50 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	群体生物量Population biomass		群体氮素积累量Nitrogen content per plant
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	营养器官 Vegetative organs	生殖器官 Reproductive organs	营养器官 Vegetative organs	生殖器官 Reproductive organs	整株 Whole plant
2020	N0	140.41±14.49 c	93.54±15.67 b	42.50±4.91 b	32.36±5.81 c	74.86±2.21 c
	N1	202.47±19.34 a	246.65±14.99 a	64.44±7.30 a	89.11±3.13 ab	153.56±8.16 ab
	N2	173.38±4.98 b	237.09±10.93 a	57.05±2.55 a	82.84±7.93 b	139.88±10.49 b
	N3	190.71±11.18 ab	258.52±19.95 a	60.58±2.95 a	94.86±5.11 a	155.44±5.48 a
2021	N0	99.85±7.70 b	79.88±7.36 b	30.22±3.26 b	28.34±3.06 b	58.57±4.15 b
	N1	139.97±3.42 a	274.29±2.94 a	44.64±0.86 a	101.82±2.14 a	146.47±2.55 a
	N2	134.97±4.52 a	265.26±7.08 a	43.70±0.33 a	97.22±4.51 a	140.91±4.83 a
	N3	146.73±16.64 a	270.10±11.49 a	45.28±7.62 a	100.09±6.45 a	145.36±8.43 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	群体生物量Population biomass		群体氮素积累量Nitrogen content per plant
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	营养器官 Vegetative organs	生殖器官 Reproductive organs	营养器官 Vegetative organs	生殖器官 Reproductive organs	整株 Whole plant
2020	N0	140.41±14.49 c	93.54±15.67 b	42.50±4.91 b	32.36±5.81 c	74.86±2.21 c
	N1	202.47±19.34 a	246.65±14.99 a	64.44±7.30 a	89.11±3.13 ab	153.56±8.16 ab
	N2	173.38±4.98 b	237.09±10.93 a	57.05±2.55 a	82.84±7.93 b	139.88±10.49 b
	N3	190.71±11.18 ab	258.52±19.95 a	60.58±2.95 a	94.86±5.11 a	155.44±5.48 a
2021	N0	99.85±7.70 b	79.88±7.36 b	30.22±3.26 b	28.34±3.06 b	58.57±4.15 b
	N1	139.97±3.42 a	274.29±2.94 a	44.64±0.86 a	101.82±2.14 a	146.47±2.55 a
	N2	134.97±4.52 a	265.26±7.08 a	43.70±0.33 a	97.22±4.51 a	140.91±4.83 a
	N3	146.73±16.64 a	270.10±11.49 a	45.28±7.62 a	100.09±6.45 a	145.36±8.43 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮肥农学利用率 Agronomic utilization rate of N/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of N fertilizer/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥回收率 Recovery rate of N fertilizer/%	氮肥生理利用率 Physiological utilization rate of N/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥内在利用率 Intrinsic utilization rate of N/(kg·kg^-1)
2020	N0	—	—	—	—	7.59±1.31 b
	N1	7.75±0.35 b	11.02±0.35 b	22.81±2.36 a	32.54±5.15 a	11.15±1.04 a
	N2	9.29±0.22 a	13.38±0.21 a	23.56±3.80 a	37.86±5.97 a	11.73±0.89 a
	N3	9.38±0.21 a	13.46±0.22 a	29.20±1.99 a	30.53±2.11 a	10.56±0.42 a
2021	N0	—	—	—	—	7.96±0.67 b
	N1	7.28±0.21 b	10.55±0.21 b	28.58±0.70 a	25.48±0.74 b	10.68±0.26 a
	N2	7.73±0.25 ab	11.82±0.25 a	25.94±0.71 a	29.83±1.75 ab	10.16±0.38 a
	N3	8.49±0.62 a	12.57±0.61 a	27.08±2.78 a	31.45±3.05 a	10.28±0.86 a

减氮增碳对长江流域棉花生产和氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing carbon on cotton production and nitrogen absorption and utilization in the Yangtze River Basin of China

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)
2020	N0	5.94±0.19 a	0.74±0.14 a	3.95±0.73 a	130.58±6.62 b	2.05±0.09 a	1.43±0.35 b
	N1	6.91±0.71 a	0.89±0.01 a	4.16±0.71 a	169.46±9.46 a	2.54±0.63 a	3.58±0.18 a
	N2	6.18±0.12 a	0.75±0.07 a	3.30±0.63 a	161.48±7.92 a	2.08±0.61 a	1.92±0.58 b
	N3	6.85±0.96 a	0.83±0.18 a	3.41±0.44 a	165.89±11.21 a	1.96±0.27 a	1.80±0.09 b
2021	N0	6.00±0.60 b	0.56±0.10 b	4.89±0.61 a	71.85±5.75 a	3.36±0.22 c	0.72±0.17 b
	N1	7.83±0.73 a	0.79±0.19 a	4.93±0.68 a	76.57±10.37 a	5.25±0.47 a	1.87±0.04 a
	N2	7.53±0.63 a	0.66±0.03 ab	5.75±0.69 a	76.87±10.63 a	4.67±0.38 b	1.74±0.56 a
	N3	8.67±0.57 a	0.67±0.07 ab	5.23±0.92 a	82.60±4.50 a	4.30±0.19 b	1.29±0.46 ab

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