不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240456

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1309-1318.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240456

不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响

林小兵¹^,²(), 黎江³, 成艳红¹^,^*(), 王斌强¹, 何绍浪¹^,², 黄尚书¹, 黄欠如¹

1.江西省红壤及种质资源研究所耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,国家红壤改良工程研究中心,农业农村部江西耕地保育科学观测试验站,江西南昌 331717
2.江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌 330045
3.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
作者简介:林小兵(1992—),男,江西丰城人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事土壤资源与环境生态研究。E-mail:linxiaobing14@mails.ucas.ac.cn
通讯作者: *成艳红,E-mail:yanhongch007@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42267055);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JXARS-16)

Effects of organic materials on soil microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content and rice yield

LIN Xiaobing¹^,²(), LI Jiang³, CHENG Yanhong¹^,^*(), WANG Binqiang¹, HE Shaolang¹^,², HUANG Shangshu¹, HUANG Qianru¹

1. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Improvement of Jiangxi Province, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Jiangxi Province Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, China
2. College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2024-05-23 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用田间小区试验,以常规化肥为对照(CK),研究了减肥条件下配施不同有机物料[葛渣堆肥(PC)、葛渣生物质炭堆肥(PBCC)、葛渣蚯蚓堆肥(PVCC)、秸秆生物质炭(BC)、牛粪蚯蚓堆肥(VC)]对晚稻不同生育期土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)、硝态氮( $NO 3 -$ -N)、铵态氮( $NH 4 +$ -N)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量和还原性物质总量、水稻产量的影响。结果表明:在晚稻成熟期,与CK相比,施用有机物料各处理的土壤MBC含量显著(P<0.05)增加89.37%~161.84%,BC处理的土壤MBN含量显著增加108.36%,BC、PC、PVCC处理的土壤 $NO 3 -$ -N含量显著增加51.16%~103.88%,VC、BC处理的土壤 $NH 4 +$ -N含量分别显著增加44.39%、37.07%,VC、PVCC处理的土壤DOC含量分别显著增加59.70%、50.99%。各处理相比,水稻产量并无显著差异。综上,在减肥条件下配施适宜的有机物料可以提高土壤肥力,减少化肥用量,且不引起水稻减产,该试验条件下,以PVCC处理的效果相对更好。

关键词: 有机物料, 蚯蚓堆肥, 矿质氮, 水稻, 产量

Abstract:

In the present study, a field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of organic materials[Radix puerariae residues compost (PC), compost of Radix puerariae residues and biochar (PBCC), vermicompost of Radix puerariae residues (PVCC), straw biochar (BC) and vermicompost of cow dung (VC)] with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer on content of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate nitrogen ( $NO 3 -$ -N), ammonium nitrogen ( $NH 4 +$ -N), total reducing substances, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and rice yiel, with the common fertilization as control (CK). It was shown that at the maturity stage, all the treatments with application of organic materials significantly (P<0.05) increased soil MBC content by 89.37%-161.84% than that of CK. Beseides, compared with the CK, BC treatment significantly increased soil MBN content by 108.36%; BC, PC, PVCC treatments significantly increased soil $NO 3 -$ -N content by 51.16%-103.88%; VC and BC treatments significantly increased soil $NH 4 +$ -N content by 44.39%, 37.07%, respectively; VC and PVCC treatments significantly increased soil DOC content by 59.70% and 50.99%, respectively. There was no difference in rice yield among treatments. In general, application of proper organic material with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer could improve soil fertility, decrease the input of chemical fertilizers without any adverse effect on rice yield. Under this experiment condition, PVCC treatment showed the best performance.

Key words: organic materials, vermicomposting, mineral nitrogen, rice, yield

中图分类号:

S141
S147

林小兵, 黎江, 成艳红, 王斌强, 何绍浪, 黄尚书, 黄欠如. 不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1309-1318.

LIN Xiaobing, LI Jiang, CHENG Yanhong, WANG Binqiang, HE Shaolang, HUANG Shangshu, HUANG Qianru. Effects of organic materials on soil microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content and rice yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1309-1318.

图/表 8

表1 各有机物料的基本性状

Table 1 Basic properties of different organic materials

有机物料 Organic materials	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 Organic matter content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/%	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/%	全钾含量 Total potassium content/%
秸秆生物质炭Straw biochar	9.27	603.4	0.51	0.70	1.70
牛粪蚯蚓堆肥Vermicompost of cow dung	8.04	380.2	0.90	0.60	0.81
葛渣堆肥Radix puerariae residues compost	8.53	494.0	2.41	0.43	0.77
葛渣生物质炭堆肥	9.40	504.6	1.63	0.50	0.93
Compost of Radix puerariae residues and biochar
葛渣蚯蚓堆肥Vermicompost of Radix puerariae residues	8.97	382.5	0.95	0.50	0.80

表2 各处理的肥料运筹

Table 2 Fertilizer management of treatments kg·hm-2

处理 Treatment	基肥种类及其施用量 Application rate of basal fertilizers				追肥种类及其施用量 Application rate of topdressing
处理 Treatment	有机物料 Organic materials	尿素 Urea	钙镁磷肥 Calcium magnesium phosphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea
CK	0	212.50	718.75	200.00	140.62
BC	3 000	192.33	335.28	97.59	128.22
VC	3 000	177.30	390.24	151.20	118.20
PC	3 000	119.11	483.67	153.61	79.41
PBCC	3 000	149.16	445.20	143.98	99.44
PVCC	3 000	175.38	445.20	151.81	116.92

图1 不同处理对土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量的影响柱上无相同字母的表示同一生育期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Effects of treatments on content of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments at P<0.05 at the same growth stage. The same as below.

图2 不同处理对土壤硝态氮(NO 3 --N)、铵态氮(NH 4 +-N)含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of treatments on content of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 --N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +-N)

图3 不同处理对土壤溶解有机碳的影响

Fig.3 Effects of treatments on content of soil dissolved organic carbon

图4 不同处理对土壤还原性物质总量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of treatments on content of soil total reducing substances

图5 不同处理对水稻籽粒产量的影响

Fig.5 Effects of treatments on rice grain yield

图6 部分土壤理化指标与水稻产量的相关性 NO 3 --N,土壤硝态氮含量;NH 4 +-N,土壤铵态氮含量;MBC,土壤微生物生物量碳含量;MBN,土壤微生物生物量氮含量;DOC,土壤溶解有机碳含量;TRS,土壤还原性物质总量;Y,水稻产量。标“*”“**”和“***”的分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平上显著相关。

Fig.6 Correlation of soil physiochemical indexes and rice yield NO 3 --N, Soil nitrate nitrogen content; NH 4 +-N, Soil ammonium nitrogen content; MBC, Soil microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, Soil microbial biomass nitrogen content; DOC, Soil dissolved organic carbon content; TRS, Soil total reducing substances content; Y, Rice yield. “*” “**” and “***” indicate significant correlations at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001 level, respectively.

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不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响

Effects of organic materials on soil microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content and rice yield

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