化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241073

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1301-1308.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241073

化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响

张智¹(), 何豪豪¹, 郁妙¹, 许剑锋²

1.台州市农业技术推广中心,浙江台州 318099
2.临海市农业技术推广中心,浙江临海 317099

收稿日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
作者简介:张智(1982—),男,浙江台州人,硕士,农艺师,主要从事植物营养与土壤改良技术研究。E-mail:zzlz@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42077088);台州市科技特派员项目(2022012)

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with soil conditioner on soil acidity, soil nutrients and rice yield

ZHANG Zhi¹(), HE Haohao¹, YU Miao¹, XU Jianfeng²

1. Taizhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Taizhou 318099, Zhejiang, China
2. Linhai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Linhai 317099, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-12-09 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用连续3 a的田间定位试验,研究化肥减量配施不同土壤改良剂在阻控农田土壤酸化、提高水稻产量上的效果。试验共设置9个处理:CK,不施肥;CF,农民习惯施肥;RF,化肥减量;T1,化肥减量+猪粪;T2,化肥减量+石灰;T3,化肥减量+农巧施土壤改良剂;T4,化肥减量+有机土壤改良剂;T5,化肥减量+丰收延土壤改良剂;T6,化肥减量+高钙土壤改良剂。结果表明:与CF处理相比,T1~T6处理的土壤pH值显著(P<0.05)升高0.44~1.39,土壤交换性H⁺、交换性Al³⁺含量和交换性酸总量分别显著降低22.8%~39.7%、33.3%~69.4%、30.8%~60.4%,土壤交换性Ca²⁺含量、阳离子交换量、交换性盐基离子总量和盐基饱和度分别显著增长63.2%~120.5%、9.8%~18.5%、56.4%~95.4%、42.2%~66.5%;T1、T4、T5处理的早稻产量分别显著提高了20.5%、16.7%、9.9%。综合考虑土壤酸化阻控和水稻增产效应,化肥减量+有机土壤改良剂(3 000 kg·hm^-2)是该试验条件下较理想的土壤改良模式。

关键词: 化肥减量, 土壤改良剂, 土壤酸化, 土壤养分, 水稻产量

Abstract:

The effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with different soil conditioners on soil acidification and rice yield were studied via a 3-year stationary field experiment. There were 9 fertilization treatments: CK, no fertilization; CF, conventional chemical fertilizaiton; RF, chemical fertilizer reduction; T1, RF+swine manure; T2, RF+lime; T3, RF+ “Natures” soil amendment; T4, RF+organic soil amendment; T5, RF+ “Fengshouyan” soil amendment; T6, RF+high calcium soil amendment. It was shown that, compared with the CF treatment, T1-T6 treatments significantly (P<0.05) elevated soil pH value by 0.44-1.39, reduced soil exchangeable H⁺ content, exchangeable Al³⁺ content and exchangeable acidity by 22.8%-39.7%, 33.3%-69.4%, 30.8%-60.4%, respectively, and increased soil exchangeable Ca²⁺ content, cation exchange capacity, base-exchangeable ions content and base saturation by 63.2%-120.5%, 9.8%-18.5%, 56.4%-95.4% and 42.2%-66.5%, respectively. Besides, the early rice yield under T1, T4, T5 treatments was significantly higher than that under the CF treatment by 20.5%, 16.7%, 9.9%, respectively. Under the experiment conditions, reduction of chemical fertilization rate combined with 3 000 kg·hm^-2 organic soil amendment exhibited the best effect on mitigating soil acidification and increasing rice yield.

Key words: chemical fertilizer reduction, soil conditioner, soil acidification, soil nutrient, rice yield

中图分类号:

S156

张智, 何豪豪, 郁妙, 许剑锋. 化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1301-1308.

ZHANG Zhi, HE Haohao, YU Miao, XU Jianfeng. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with soil conditioner on soil acidity, soil nutrients and rice yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1301-1308.

图/表 4

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处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	交换性H⁺含量 Exchangeable H⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Al³⁺含量 Exchangeable Al³⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性酸总量 Exchangeable acidity/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	4.81±0.15 d	0.48±0.06 a	1.29±0.16 a	1.77±0.22 a
CF	4.70±0.13 d	0.45±0.08 a	1.37±0.20 a	1.82±0.28 a
RF	4.75±0.15 d	0.47±0.09 a	1.36±0.19 a	1.83±0.25 a
T1	5.14±0.16 c	0.35±0.04 b	0.91±0.07 b	1.26±0.11 b
T2	6.09±0.22 a	0.30±0.03 b	0.42±0.06 d	0.72±0.08 d
T3	5.22±0.16 c	0.33±0.03 b	0.92±0.08 b	1.25±0.09 b
T4	5.31±0.15 c	0.32±0.03 b	0.89±0.07 b	1.22±0.09 b
T5	5.80±0.26 b	0.34±0.04 b	0.74±0.08 bc	1.08±0.05 bc
T6	5.58±0.28 b	0.27±0.03 b	0.55±0.03 cd	0.83±0.03 cd

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	交换性H⁺含量 Exchangeable H⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Al³⁺含量 Exchangeable Al³⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性酸总量 Exchangeable acidity/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	4.81±0.15 d	0.48±0.06 a	1.29±0.16 a	1.77±0.22 a
CF	4.70±0.13 d	0.45±0.08 a	1.37±0.20 a	1.82±0.28 a
RF	4.75±0.15 d	0.47±0.09 a	1.36±0.19 a	1.83±0.25 a
T1	5.14±0.16 c	0.35±0.04 b	0.91±0.07 b	1.26±0.11 b
T2	6.09±0.22 a	0.30±0.03 b	0.42±0.06 d	0.72±0.08 d
T3	5.22±0.16 c	0.33±0.03 b	0.92±0.08 b	1.25±0.09 b
T4	5.31±0.15 c	0.32±0.03 b	0.89±0.07 b	1.22±0.09 b
T5	5.80±0.26 b	0.34±0.04 b	0.74±0.08 bc	1.08±0.05 bc
T6	5.58±0.28 b	0.27±0.03 b	0.55±0.03 cd	0.83±0.03 cd

处理 Treatment	交换性Ca²⁺含量 Exchangeable Ca²⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Mg²⁺含量 Exchangeable Mg²⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性K⁺含量 Exchangeable K⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Na⁺含量 Exchangeable Na⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性盐基离子总量 Base-exchangeable ions content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	CEC/ (cmol·kg^-1)	盐基饱和度 Base saturation/%
CK	2.62±0.28 bc	0.87±0.14 d	0.09±0.01 d	0.11±0.01 a	3.69±0.15 c	6.89±0.41 cd	53.78±5.25 c
CF	1.94±0.33 d	0.73±0.08 d	0.12±0.02 c	0.12±0.02 a	2.91±0.23 d	6.66±0.26 d	42.85±5.15 d
RF	2.38±0.17 cd	0.69±0.07 d	0.12±0.01 c	0.11±0.01 a	3.30±0.12 cd	6.79±0.22 d	48.69±3.00 cd
T1	3.17±0.11 b	1.12±0.07 bc	0.15±0.02 b	0.12±0.01 a	4.56±0.07 b	7.31±0.35 bc	62.38±2.29 b
T2	4.28±0.65 a	1.19±0.12 ab	0.12±0.01 c	0.10±0.03 a	5.69±0.79 a	7.85±0.38 ab	72.31±6.99 a
T3	4.01±0.57 a	0.87±0.19 d	0.13±0.01 c	0.11±0.02 a	5.13±0.73 ab	7.49±0.14 ab	68.31±8.30 ab
T4	3.85±0.36 a	1.36±0.12 a	0.17±0.02 ab	0.11±0.01 a	5.50±0.49 a	7.90±0.30 a	69.52±3.46 ab
T5	4.10±0.27 a	1.24±0.08 ab	0.18±0.01 a	0.10±0.03 a	5.63±0.37 a	7.70±0.30 ab	73.03±1.94 a
T6	4.12±0.45 a	0.92±0.20 cd	0.13±0.02 c	0.11±0.02 a	5.28±0.27 a	7.51±0.23 ab	70.26±2.41 ab

处理 Treatment	交换性Ca²⁺含量 Exchangeable Ca²⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Mg²⁺含量 Exchangeable Mg²⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性K⁺含量 Exchangeable K⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性Na⁺含量 Exchangeable Na⁺ content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	交换性盐基离子总量 Base-exchangeable ions content/ (cmol·kg^-1)	CEC/ (cmol·kg^-1)	盐基饱和度 Base saturation/%
CK	2.62±0.28 bc	0.87±0.14 d	0.09±0.01 d	0.11±0.01 a	3.69±0.15 c	6.89±0.41 cd	53.78±5.25 c
CF	1.94±0.33 d	0.73±0.08 d	0.12±0.02 c	0.12±0.02 a	2.91±0.23 d	6.66±0.26 d	42.85±5.15 d
RF	2.38±0.17 cd	0.69±0.07 d	0.12±0.01 c	0.11±0.01 a	3.30±0.12 cd	6.79±0.22 d	48.69±3.00 cd
T1	3.17±0.11 b	1.12±0.07 bc	0.15±0.02 b	0.12±0.01 a	4.56±0.07 b	7.31±0.35 bc	62.38±2.29 b
T2	4.28±0.65 a	1.19±0.12 ab	0.12±0.01 c	0.10±0.03 a	5.69±0.79 a	7.85±0.38 ab	72.31±6.99 a
T3	4.01±0.57 a	0.87±0.19 d	0.13±0.01 c	0.11±0.02 a	5.13±0.73 ab	7.49±0.14 ab	68.31±8.30 ab
T4	3.85±0.36 a	1.36±0.12 a	0.17±0.02 ab	0.11±0.01 a	5.50±0.49 a	7.90±0.30 a	69.52±3.46 ab
T5	4.10±0.27 a	1.24±0.08 ab	0.18±0.01 a	0.10±0.03 a	5.63±0.37 a	7.70±0.30 ab	73.03±1.94 a
T6	4.12±0.45 a	0.92±0.20 cd	0.13±0.02 c	0.11±0.02 a	5.28±0.27 a	7.51±0.23 ab	70.26±2.41 ab

处理 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Available N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	15.2±0.6 de	1.09±0.03 cd	86.9±8.0 d	43.6±3.4 f	41.7±4.5 f
CF	16.7±1.0 c	1.17±0.04 b	92.7±0.9 cd	84.4±1.8 a	76.0±2.0 b
RF	16.8±0.8 c	1.15±0.01 bc	95.5±1.0 c	65.1±1.4 c	73.7±3.8 b
T1	19.8±0.3 a	1.25±0.06 a	111.4±3.5 a	84.2±0.3 a	84.3±2.1 a
T2	15.0±0.1 e	1.03±0.04 d	106.7±0.9 ab	46.0±0.7 f	37.3±2.3 g
T3	18.4±0.6 b	1.17±0.02 b	101.5±3.6 b	64.8±2.8 cd	58.0±1.0 d
T4	18.0±0.7 b	1.18±0.06 b	104.8±5.5 b	72.2±0.8 b	68.7±2.3 c
T5	18.5±0.4 b	1.15±0.02 bc	103.7±2.2 b	61.7±1.0 d	53.3±3.2 e
T6	16.3±0.6 cd	1.11±0.04 bc	105.1±0.9 b	55.5±1.0 e	56.0±4.0 de

化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with soil conditioner on soil acidity, soil nutrients and rice yield

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处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles/ (10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	257.95±10.39 b	84.44±0.84 c	83.31±0.43 a	26.07±0.91 a	4 740±128 f
CF	296.22±23.06 a	100.17±13.07 abc	82.24±2.79 a	25.77±0.45 a	5 742±697 de
RF	286.24±23.06 ab	102.95±13.44 ab	81.84±1.75 a	25.87±0.40 a	5 781±522 de
T1	299.55±13.21 a	116.33±0.89 a	80.30±1.17 a	25.83±0.60 a	6 918±321 a
T2	284.57±19.97 ab	115.41±3.87 a	80.32±1.63 a	25.53±0.70 a	6 126±419 cd
T3	281.24±16.05 ab	97.87±6.17 bc	80.42±0.74 a	25.80±1.66 a	5 642±480 e
T4	276.25±20.18 ab	114.13±19.34 ab	82.98±1.40 a	25.87±0.55 a	6 699±510 ab
T5	272.92±17.53 ab	108.21±8.32 ab	82.43±2.24 a	26.00±1.32 a	6 309±476 bc
T6	281.24±7.63 ab	106.48±4.75 ab	83.01±2.59 a	25.73±0.25 a	5 976±303 cde

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