水肥互作对滴灌红枣产量、品质与土壤养分的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.12

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 2428-2437.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.12

水肥互作对滴灌红枣产量、品质与土壤养分的影响

张健利¹^,²^,³(), 王振华¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 陈睿¹^,²^,³, 王东旺¹^,²^,³, 梁永辉¹^,²^,³, 刘茹华¹^,²^,³

1.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
3.农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-29
通讯作者: 王振华
作者简介:*王振华,E-mail:wzh2002027@163.com
张健利(1995—),男,宁夏石嘴山人,硕士研究生,主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究。E-mail:1228856528@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2020DB004);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-1)

Effect of water-fertilizer interaction on yield, quality and soil nutrients of drip irrigated jujube

ZHANG Jianli¹^,²^,³(), WANG Zhenhua¹^,²^,³^,^*(), CHEN Rui¹^,²^,³, WANG Dongwang¹^,²^,³, LIANG Yonghui¹^,²^,³, LIU Ruhua¹^,²^,³

1. College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corp, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-01-19 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-29
Contact: WANG Zhenhua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以成龄红枣为试验材料,设置2个灌溉水平(W1,6 000 m³·hm^-2;W2,6 600 m³·hm^-2)和3个基肥水平(S1、S2、S3,生物有机肥施用量分别为1 200、1 650、2 100 kg·hm^-2),以不施用生物有机肥的作为对照(W1CK,W2CK),共8个处理,开展田间试验。结果表明:同一灌溉水平下,随生物有机肥施用量的增加,红枣梢长、梢粗、叶绿素相对含量、果实形态,及0~150 cm土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮含量逐渐增加。在相同生物有机肥施用量下,随灌水量增加,0~150 cm土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮含量减少。与对照(CK)相比,W1和W2灌溉水平下施用生物有机肥处理的单株产量分别增加4.65%~19.83%和8.17%~19.08%。施加生物有机肥可提高红枣的总糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,降低总酸含量。各处理对比,W1S3处理的果实形态、单株产量和品质指标均不劣于W2CK处理。基于新疆干旱少雨的气候特点,在6 000 m³·hm^-2的灌溉水平下配施2 100 kg·hm^-2的生物有机肥,可替代当地常规灌溉施肥方案,较适宜于南疆干旱地区的红枣种植。

关键词: 滴灌红枣, 灌溉水平, 生物有机肥, 土壤养分, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In the present study, the mature red jujube was used as experimental subject. Two irrigation levels (W1, 6 000 m³·hm^-2; W2, 6 600 m³·hm^-2), three base fertilization levels (denoted as S1, S2 and S3, with bio-organic fertilizer application rates of 1 200, 1 650, and 2 100 kg·hm^-2, respectively), were set, and the treatments without bio-organic fertilizer were set as controls (W1CK and W2CK) in the field experiment. It was shown that under the same irrigation level, with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application rates, the branch length and width, leaf chlorophyll content, fruit morphology, available potassium, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen content in 0-150 cm soil increased. With the elevated irrigation level, the contents of available potassium, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in 0-150 cm soil decreased. Compared with the control, the yield per plant increased by 4.65%-19.83% under W1, and increased by 8.17%-19.08% under W2. The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the contents of total sugar, soluble solids and vitamin C, and reduced the content of total acidity. The fruit morphology, yield per plant and quality indexes under W1S3 treatment were superior than those under W2CK treatment. Based on the climatic characteristics of aridity and low rainfall in Xinjiang, application of 2 100 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer with an irrigation level of 6 000 m³·hm^-2 could replace the local conventional irrigation fertilization management, which is more suitable for jujube cultivation in the arid area of southern Xinjiang.

Key words: drip irrigated jujube, irrigation level, bio-organic fertilizer, soil nutrients, yield, quality

中图分类号:

张健利, 王振华, 陈睿, 王东旺, 梁永辉, 刘茹华. 水肥互作对滴灌红枣产量、品质与土壤养分的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2428-2437.

ZHANG Jianli, WANG Zhenhua, CHEN Rui, WANG Dongwang, LIANG Yonghui, LIU Ruhua. Effect of water-fertilizer interaction on yield, quality and soil nutrients of drip irrigated jujube[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2428-2437.

图/表 6

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灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	叶绿素含量(SPAD值)Chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	新稍期 New shoot stage	花期 Florescence	果实膨大期 Fruit expansion stage	完熟期 Full ripen stage
W1	CK	23.60±0.82 e	30.60±1.08 f	46.43±1.29 f	35.83±1.22 e
	S1	24.13±0.65 de	31.60±0.66 ef	47.93±0.84 ef	37.23±0.85 de
	S2	24.83±0.45 cde	32.43±0.55 de	49.33±0.96 de	38.40±1.41 d
	S3	25.17±0.68 bcd	34.77±1.31 bc	50.63±0.84 cd	39.00±0.85 cd
W2	CK	25.00±0.66 cd	33.43±1.01 cd	49.73±1.04 de	38.93±0.61 cd
	S1	25.70±0.60 abc	35.07±0.55 bc	52.30±0.53 c	40.23±0.99 bc
	S2	26.40±1.15 ab	35.53±0.86 ab	54.20±1.04 b	41.53±0.55 ab
	S3	26.67±0.65 a	36.80±0.95 a	57.67±0.78 a	43.03±1.03 a

灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	叶绿素含量(SPAD值)Chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	新稍期 New shoot stage	花期 Florescence	果实膨大期 Fruit expansion stage	完熟期 Full ripen stage
W1	CK	23.60±0.82 e	30.60±1.08 f	46.43±1.29 f	35.83±1.22 e
	S1	24.13±0.65 de	31.60±0.66 ef	47.93±0.84 ef	37.23±0.85 de
	S2	24.83±0.45 cde	32.43±0.55 de	49.33±0.96 de	38.40±1.41 d
	S3	25.17±0.68 bcd	34.77±1.31 bc	50.63±0.84 cd	39.00±0.85 cd
W2	CK	25.00±0.66 cd	33.43±1.01 cd	49.73±1.04 de	38.93±0.61 cd
	S1	25.70±0.60 abc	35.07±0.55 bc	52.30±0.53 c	40.23±0.99 bc
	S2	26.40±1.15 ab	35.53±0.86 ab	54.20±1.04 b	41.53±0.55 ab
	S3	26.67±0.65 a	36.80±0.95 a	57.67±0.78 a	43.03±1.03 a

灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	有效钾 Available potassium	速效磷 Available phosphorus	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen
W1	CK	60.90±5.97 cd	20.14±1.75 cd	0.81±0.07 cd
	S1	69.86±8.68 bc	22.11±1.18 bcd	1.12±0.29 abc
	S2	79.26±9.07 ab	26.01±3.54 abc	1.25±0.13 ab
	S3	83.51±4.29 a	28.59±5.32 a	1.40±0.26 a
W2	CK	52.20±6.17 d	17.20±1.94 d	0.75±0.11 d
	S1	59.85±3.56 cd	21.57±3.71 bcd	1.01±0.16 bcd
	S2	70.09±7.09 bc	25.28±2.07 abc	1.26±0.10 ab
	S3	76.45±3.23 ab	26.58±3.21 ab	1.46±0.19 a

灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	有效钾 Available potassium	速效磷 Available phosphorus	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen
W1	CK	60.90±5.97 cd	20.14±1.75 cd	0.81±0.07 cd
	S1	69.86±8.68 bc	22.11±1.18 bcd	1.12±0.29 abc
	S2	79.26±9.07 ab	26.01±3.54 abc	1.25±0.13 ab
	S3	83.51±4.29 a	28.59±5.32 a	1.40±0.26 a
W2	CK	52.20±6.17 d	17.20±1.94 d	0.75±0.11 d
	S1	59.85±3.56 cd	21.57±3.71 bcd	1.01±0.16 bcd
	S2	70.09±7.09 bc	25.28±2.07 abc	1.26±0.10 ab
	S3	76.45±3.23 ab	26.58±3.21 ab	1.46±0.19 a

灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter/cm	果实横径 Fruit equatorial diameter/cm	单果质量 Single fruit weight/g	单株产量 Yield per tree/kg
W1	CK	48.29±0.87 e	33.22±0.75 e	15.55±0.58 e	4.14±0.36 d
	S1	49.52±0.95 de	33.92±0.60 de	15.97±1.11 e	4.33±0.25 cd
	S2	49.64±1.07 de	34.10±0.56 cde	16.34±0.64 de	4.44±0.32 cd
	S3	52.13±0.32 bc	35.22±0.45 c	17.95±0.18 c	4.96±0.22 b
W2	CK	50.71±0.80 cd	34.91±1.10 cd	17.40±0.67 cd	4.67±0.21 bc
	S1	53.20±0.85 b	36.72±0.44 b	19.30±0.31 b	5.05±0.19 b
	S2	54.83±0.79 a	37.96±0.53 a	20.53±0.87 a	5.52±0.31 a
	S3	54.88±0.78 a	38.69±0.34 a	20.65±0.53 a	5.56±0.22 a

水肥互作对滴灌红枣产量、品质与土壤养分的影响

Effect of water-fertilizer interaction on yield, quality and soil nutrients of drip irrigated jujube

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灌溉水平 Irrigation level	基肥水平 Base fertilizer level	总糖 Total sugar/%	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid/%	总酸 Total acidity/%	维生素C Vitamin C/(mg·kg^-1)
W1	CK	27.04±0.15 e	29.21±0.44 e	0.120±0.017 bcd	630.2±10.6 e
	S1	27.72±0.59 d	29.68±0.63 de	0.117±0.024 bcd	654.2±26.3 de
	S2	28.25±0.36 cd	30.08±0.62 cd	0.107±0.020 cd	681.4±20.8 d
	S3	29.39±0.23 b	31.50±0.56 b	0.091±0.011 d	755.9±16.5 bc
W2	CK	28.66±0.23 c	30.56±0.31 c	0.167±0.030 a	731.2±12.2 c
	S1	29.92±0.53 ab	31.98±0.46 ab	0.154±0.029 ab	790.2±23.6 b
	S2	30.48±0.29 a	32.48±0.27a	0.137±0.019 abc	827.0±19.5 a
	S3	30.49±0.16 a	32.51±0.23 a	0.121±0.020 bcd	834.7±26.3 a

指标Index	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J
B	0.959^**
C	0.912^**	0.957^**
D	0.236	0.469	0.580
E	0.232	0.472	0.574	0.996^**
F	0.160	0.399	0.517	0.993^**	0.992^**
G	-0.879^**	-0.761^*	-0.644	0.195	0.177	0.257
H	0.217	0.452	0.577	0.988^**	0.991^**	0.988^**	0.188
I	0.160	0.387	0.538	0.958^**	0.958^**	0.968^**	0.239	0.982^**
J	0.139	0.383	0.509	0.978^**	0.982^**	0.988^**	0.260	0.993^**	0.991^**
K	0.166	0.400	0.533	0.984^**	0.983^**	0.994^**	0.245	0.990^**	0.989^**	0.995^**

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