不同密度异型莎草和水苋菜对水稻产量及稻米加工、外观品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.04

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 2348-2357.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.04

不同密度异型莎草和水苋菜对水稻产量及稻米加工、外观品质的影响

廖平强(), 陈国奇, 刘光明, 蒋岩, 赵灿, 王维领, 霍中洋()

扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-03-13 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-29
通讯作者: 霍中洋
作者简介:*霍中洋,E-mail: huozy69@163.com
廖平强(1997—),男,安徽定远人,硕士研究生,研究方向为稻田杂草防控。E-mail: 2824248329@qq.com

Effects of different density of Cyperus difformis and Ammannia baccifera on rice yield, processing and appearance quality

LIAO Pingqiang(), CHEN Guoqi, LIU Guangming, JIANG Yan, ZHAO Can, WANG Weiling, HUO Zhongyang()

State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Industrial Technology of Food Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-03-13 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-29
Contact: HUO Zhongyang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

异型莎草和水苋菜均为世界范围内水稻田危害性杂草,对水稻生产造成了严重影响。选用太湖地区常见水稻品种南粳46为材料,采用单因素试验设计,分别设计5个杂草密度,4组重复,研究不同密度异型莎草和水苋菜对水稻产量、稻米加工、外观品质及籽粒氮积累量的影响。结果表明,随着异型莎草和水苋菜密度增加,水稻的有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量均逐渐下降,且籽粒氮积累量和稻米加工、外观品质也随之降低。当异型莎草密度为65株·m^-2时,水稻产量为3.28 t·hm^-2,与空白对照相比,产量损失率达57.29%,且稻米加工、外观品质均显著下降。当水苋菜密度为250株·m^-2时,水稻产量为3.10 t·hm^-2,与空白对照相比,产量损失率达59.16%,稻米加工和外观品质显著下降。异型莎草和水苋菜密度增加,均能使水稻产量、加工品质和外观品质显著降低。据试验结果可知,杂草主要通过影响水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重影响水稻产量,而田间小气候、水肥竞争等可能是影响稻米加工和外观品质的重要原因。为保证水稻产量及稻米加工、外观品质,应当注意水稻田中下层杂草的防控。

关键词: 杂草密度, 水稻产量, 加工品质, 外观品质

Abstract:

Both Cyperus difformis and Ammannia baccifera were harmful weeds in rice fields worldwide and caused serious impacts on rice production. In this study, the common rice variety Nanjing 46 in Taihu area was selected as the material. The single factor experiment design was used to design five weed densities and four groups of repetitions. To investigate the effects of different densities of C. difformis and A. baccifera on rice yield, rice processing, and appearance quality and seed nitrogen accumulation. The results showed that the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight and yield of rice gradually decreased with the increase of density of C. difformis and A. baccifera, the seed nitrogen accumulation, processing and appearance quality of rice also decreased. When the density of C. difformis was 65 plants·m^-2, the yield of rice was 3.28 t·hm^-2, and the yield loss rate was 57.29% compared with the blank control. The rice processing and appearance quality were significantly decreased. When the density of A. baccifera was 250 plants·m^-2, the yield of rice was 3.10 t·hm^-2, and the yield loss rate was 59.16% compared with the blank control. Rice processing and appearance quality decreased significantly. Increasing density of C. difformis and A. baccifera could significantly reduce rice yield, processing quality and appearance quality. The results showed that weeds mainly affected rice yield by affecting the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight of rice, and field microclimate, water and fertilizer competition may be an important reason for affecting rice processing and appearance quality. In order to ensure rice yield, rice processing and appearance quality, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of weeds in the middle and lower layers of rice fields.

Key words: weed density, rice yield, processing quality, appearance quality

中图分类号:

S365

廖平强, 陈国奇, 刘光明, 蒋岩, 赵灿, 王维领, 霍中洋. 不同密度异型莎草和水苋菜对水稻产量及稻米加工、外观品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2348-2357.

LIAO Pingqiang, CHEN Guoqi, LIU Guangming, JIANG Yan, ZHAO Can, WANG Weiling, HUO Zhongyang. Effects of different density of Cyperus difformis and Ammannia baccifera on rice yield, processing and appearance quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2348-2357.

图/表 9

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密度/(株·m^-2) Density/ (plants·m^-2)	有效穗数 Number of spikes/ (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Maturing rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)	产量损失率 Yield loss/%
CK	248.1±2.8 a	121±5 a	91.9±2.0 a	27.06±0.16 a	7.68±0.11 a	—
5	231.7±3.1 b	104±7 b	91.5±0.5 a	27.06±0.14 a	5.96±0.17 b	22.40
10	218.6±4.2 c	99±4 b	91.3±0.5 a	26.96±0.09 ab	5.24±0.11 c	31.77
25	215.4±3.7 cd	87±2 c	91.6±0.8 a	26.71±0.04 bc	4.51±0.13 d	41.28
45	207.3±4.2 d	81±3 cd	91.2±1.0 a	26.66±0.11 c	4.04±0.07 e	47.83
65	180.7±3.2 e	78±2 d	91.1±0.6 a	26.47±0.09 c	3.28±0.10 f	57.29

密度/(株·m^-2) Density/ (plants·m^-2)	有效穗数 Number of spikes/ (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Maturing rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)	产量损失率 Yield loss/%
CK	248.1±2.8 a	121±5 a	91.9±2.0 a	27.06±0.16 a	7.68±0.11 a	—
5	231.7±3.1 b	104±7 b	91.5±0.5 a	27.06±0.14 a	5.96±0.17 b	22.40
10	218.6±4.2 c	99±4 b	91.3±0.5 a	26.96±0.09 ab	5.24±0.11 c	31.77
25	215.4±3.7 cd	87±2 c	91.6±0.8 a	26.71±0.04 bc	4.51±0.13 d	41.28
45	207.3±4.2 d	81±3 cd	91.2±1.0 a	26.66±0.11 c	4.04±0.07 e	47.83
65	180.7±3.2 e	78±2 d	91.1±0.6 a	26.47±0.09 c	3.28±0.10 f	57.29

指标 Index	产量损失率 Yield loss	有效穗数 Number of spikes	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Maturing rate	千粒重 1 000-grain weight	异型莎草密度 Density of C. difformis
产量损失率Yield loss	1.000
有效穗数Number of spikes	-0.932^**	1.000
每穗粒数Grains per panicle	-0.983^**	0.861^**	1.000
结实率Maturing rate	-0.364	0.221	0.35	1.000
千粒重1 000-grain weight	-0.837^**	0.898^**	0.780^**	0.115	1.000
异型莎草密度Density of C. difformis	0.641^**	-0.778^**	-0.562^**	0.032	-0.884^**	1.000

指标 Index	产量损失率 Yield loss	有效穗数 Number of spikes	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Maturing rate	千粒重 1 000-grain weight	异型莎草密度 Density of C. difformis
产量损失率Yield loss	1.000
有效穗数Number of spikes	-0.932^**	1.000
每穗粒数Grains per panicle	-0.983^**	0.861^**	1.000
结实率Maturing rate	-0.364	0.221	0.35	1.000
千粒重1 000-grain weight	-0.837^**	0.898^**	0.780^**	0.115	1.000
异型莎草密度Density of C. difformis	0.641^**	-0.778^**	-0.562^**	0.032	-0.884^**	1.000

密度/(株·m^-2) Density/ (plants·m^-2)	有效穗数 Number of spikes/ (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Maturing rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)	产量损失率 Yield loss/%
CK	256.1±7.8 a	118±2 a	91.2±2.6 a	27.38±0.06 a	7.59±0.13 a	—
40	246.1±3.9 a	104±4 b	91.6±1.7 a	27.11±0.11 ab	6.21±0.18 b	18.18
70	209.9±9.2 b	100±4 b	92.3±1.0 a	26.73±0.08 bc	5.16±0.04 c	32.02
100	203.2±12.6 b	99±3 b	91.2±1.0 a	26.41±0.44 cd	4.76±0.15 d	37.29
160	172.1±4.9 c	92±3 c	91.7±1.4 a	26.32±0.09 cd	3.77±0.10 e	50.33
250	167.3±7.6 c	79±3 d	92.1±1.6 a	26.07±0.11 d	3.10±0.14 f	59.16

不同密度异型莎草和水苋菜对水稻产量及稻米加工、外观品质的影响

Effects of different density of Cyperus difformis and Ammannia baccifera on rice yield, processing and appearance quality

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密度/(株·m^-2) Density/(plants·m^-2)	糙米率 Brown rate/%	精米率 Milled rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree
CK	82.85±0.18 a	73.50±0.28 a	68.95±0.15 a	29.75±1.63 d	31.77±1.26 c
5	82.83±0.88 a	73.16±0.19 ab	68.78±0.24 a	33.89±1.70 cd	33.32±1.57 bc
10	82.22±0.38 ab	73.10±0.11 ab	68.48±0.15 ab	36.71±0.40 c	35.01±3.13 bc
25	81.57±0.92 ab	72.99±0.13 b	68.06±0.10 bc	38.00±2.77 bc	36.77±1.59 bc
45	81.23±1.16 ab	72.85±0.20 b	67.87±0.29 c	42.32±2.79 ab	38.47±2.77 ab
65	80.40±1.04 b	72.15±0.30 c	67.60±0.48 c	45.62±1.52 a	40.71±2.86 a

密度/(株·m^-2) Density/(plants·m^-2)	糙米率 Brown rate/%	精米率 Milled rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree
CK	82.44±0.18 a	73.42±0.11 a	68.92±0.12 a	30.42±3.02 c	31.22±1.10 c
40	82.34±0.15 ab	73.21±0.16 a	68.88±0.14 a	34.66±1.91 bc	35.40±1.82 bc
70	82.27±0.09 ab	73.14±0.19 a	68.76±0.06 ab	35.38±1.99 bc	37.16±1.62 ab
100	82.26±0.15 ab	73.14±0.15 a	68.53±0.14 b	39.32±2.16 ab	38.66±1.8 ab
160	82.06±0.07 bc	73.13±0.13 ab	68.22±0.08 c	39.49±2.63 ab	39.73±1.48 ab
250	81.92±0.10 c	72.79±0.16 b	67.56±0.07 d	44.95±4.54 a	41.71±3.28 a

密度 Density	糙米率 Brown rate	精米率 Milled rate	整精米率 Head milled rice rate	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate	垩白度 Chalkiness degree
异型莎草密度Density of C. difformis	-0.749^**	-0.859^**	-0.868^**	0.923^**	0.813^**
水苋菜密度Density of A. baccifera	-0.841^**	-0.778^**	-0.966^**	0.853^**	0.830^**

杂草种类 Weed species	密度/ (株·m^-2) Density/ (plants·m^-2)	籽粒氮积累量 Seed nitrogen/ (mg·g^-1)	籽粒氮损失量 Nitrogen reduction rate/%	总蛋白质含量 Total protein/%	蛋白组分含量 Protein component content/(mg·g^-1)
杂草种类 Weed species	密度/ (株·m^-2) Density/ (plants·m^-2)	籽粒氮积累量 Seed nitrogen/ (mg·g^-1)	籽粒氮损失量 Nitrogen reduction rate/%	总蛋白质含量 Total protein/%	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Prolamin	谷蛋白 Glutelin
异型莎草	0	10.42±0.14 a	—	6.20±0.08 a	3.91±0.05 a	3.33±0.08 a	4.61±0.06 a	34.36±2.22 a
Cyperus	5	10.30±0.08 ab	1.15	6.13±0.05 ab	3.82±0.04 ab	3.22±0.05 ab	4.53±0.03 a	32.27±0.29 ab
difformis	10	10.09±0.12 bc	3.17	6.00±0.07 bc	3.77±0.01 bc	3.10±0.05 bc	4.32±0.04 b	31.77±0.21 abc
	25	9.86±0.12 cd	5.37	5.87±0.07 cd	3.72±0.01 bc	3.01±0.02 c	4.05±0.11 c	31.13±0.11 bc
	45	9.66±0.11 de	7.29	5.75±0.037 de	3.65±0.09 c	2.90±0.05 cd	3.89±0.04 c	30.65±0.18 bc
	60	9.41±0.13 e	9.69	5.60±0.08 e	3.42±0.05 d	2.76±0.11 d	3.66±0.13 d	29.16±0.94 c
水苋菜	0	10.36±0.14 a	—	6.17±0.08 a	3.92±0.04 a	3.29±0.12 a	4.57±0.23 a	34.15±2.59 a
Ammannia	40	9.99±0.17 b	3.57	5.95±0.10 b	3.80±0.05 ab	3.18±0.04 ab	4.13±0.12 b	30.97±0.49 ab
baccifera	70	9.78±0.08 bc	5.60	5.82±0.05 bc	3.75±0.05 bc	3.12±0.06 bc	3.99±0.04 bc	30.19±0.31 b
	100	9.62±0.05 cd	7.14	5.72±0.03 cd	3.69±0.02 bc	3.00±0.05 cd	3.94±0.05 bcd	29.66±0.16 bc
	160	9.49±0.05 de	8.40	5.65±0.03 de	3.62±0.01 c	2.91±0.01 d	3.82±0.04 cd	28.46±0.94 bc
	250	9.25±0.06 e	10.71	5.50±0.04 e	3.44±0.12 d	2.70±0.04 e	3.65±0.07 d	26.97±0.48 c

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