浙江农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 857-868.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.06.01

• 作物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同栽培模式对华南双季晚稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

潘俊峰, 钟旭华*, 黄农荣, 刘彦卓, 田卡, 梁开明, 彭碧琳, 傅友强, 胡香玉   

  1. 广东省农业科学院 水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东 广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16 出版日期:2019-06-25 发布日期:2019-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 钟旭华,E-mail:xzhong8@163.com
  • 作者简介:潘俊峰(1983—),男,河南孟津人,博士,副研究员,主要从事水稻高产栽培生理研究。E-mail: junfeng401@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503106); 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300108); CORIGAP国际合作项目(DRPC 2012-13); 广东省科技计划(2016B070701011,2017B030314173)

Effects of different cultivation patterns on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in South China

PAN Junfeng, ZHONG Xuhua*, HUANG Nongrong, LIU Yanzhuo, TIAN Ka, LIANG Kaiming, PENG Bilin, FU Youqiang, HU Xiangyu   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • Received:2018-11-16 Online:2019-06-25 Published:2019-06-26

摘要: 为探讨氮肥运筹和栽插规格等栽培管理措施对华南双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响,以杂交稻粤杂889为材料,设置6种栽培模式,分别为不施氮肥(N0),前期重施氮肥的农民习惯栽培(FP,N肥 200 kg·hm-2,栽插规格20.0 cm×23.3 cm),氮肥后移与不同栽插规格组成的4种栽培模式(简称优化模式),即高产高效1(M1,N肥180 kg·hm-2,氮肥后移,20.0 cm×20.0 cm)、高产高效2(M2,N肥200 kg·hm-2,氮肥后移,30.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株)、高产高效3(M3,N肥180 kg·hm-2,氮肥后移,25.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株)和高产高效4(M4,N肥220 kg·hm-2,氮肥后移,30.0 cm×13.3 cm,宽行窄株),比较不同栽培模式下水稻产量形成特点和氮素吸收利用特征。M1、M2、M3和M4栽培模式,2011年较FP分别增产16.7%、20.5%、18.3%和24.1%,2012年较FP模式分别增产6.3%、16.0%、22.9%和12.8%。与M1相比,M2、M3和M4增产1.3%~15.6%。两年中,M1、M2、M3和M4的氮肥吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力平均比FP提高65.2%~82.4%、55.6%~88.1%和7.9%~33.9%,差异显著。优化模式产量的提高主要与单位面积颖花数和结实率的增加密切相关;4种优化管理模式的平均增产量分别与抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、穗分化始期和成熟期氮素积累量、氮素农学利用率和吸收利用率呈显著或极显著的线性正相关。结果表明,在现有技术的基础上通过优化氮肥用量和栽插规格综合措施具有进一步提高产量和氮肥利用效率的潜力。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥管理, 种植密度, 水稻产量, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate if an integrated cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice in South China. The indica hybrid rice cultivar Yueza 889 was used and six cultivation patterns were conducted in the late seasons of 2011 and 2012. i.e., zero nitrogen application, farmer’s practice (FP) and 4 integrated crop managements (M1-M4) varying in nitrogen fertilizer management and planting density. Compared with that of FP, the grain yields of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were increased by 16.7%, 20.5%, 18.3% and 24.1% in 2011, and by 6.3%, 16.0%, 22.9% and 12.8% in 2012. The M2, M3 and M4 yielded more grains by 1.3%-15.6% than M1. Compared with those of FP, the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, agronomic utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were significantly increased by 65.2%-82.4%, 55.6%-88.1% and 7.9%-33.9% in two years. The enhanced yield was mainly attributable to the increase in both spikelets per unit area and filled grain percentage. The yield enhancement was highly correlated with dry weight at maturity, or amount of dry matter accumulated from heading to maturity. It was also significantly correlated with nitrogen accumulation at panicle initiation or maturity, and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency. The newly-developed cultural practices could be used in rice production for additional enhancement in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: rice, nitrogen fertilizer management, planting density, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

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