浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 2232-2243.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.12.15

• 生物系统工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于图像特征的水稻叶片全氮含量估测模型研究

杨红云1(), 罗建军2, 孙爱珍2, 万颖2, 易文龙1   

  1. 1.江西农业大学 软件学院/江西省高等学校农业信息技术重点实验室,江西 南昌330045
    2.江西农业大学 计算机与信息工程学院,江西 南昌330045
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-17 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 作者简介:杨红云(1975—),男,江西新干人,硕士,副教授,主要从事农业信息技术研究工作。E-mail: nc_yhy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(61562039);国家自然科学基金(61762048);国家自然科学基金(61862032)

Study on estimation model of total nitrogen content in rice leaves based on image characteristics

YANG Hongyun1(), LUO Jianjun2, SUN Aizhen2, WAN Ying2, YI Wenlong1   

  1. 1. School of Software, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Technology, Jiangxi Higher Education, Nanchang 330045, China
    2. School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,China
  • Received:2020-04-17 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2020-12-25

摘要:

探究水稻叶片生长外部颜色、几何形态特征与其全含氮量之间的定量描述关系,可以快速且准确地诊断水稻氮素营养状况。研究筛选了全氮含量估测敏感叶位,并比较了基于多元线性回归和机器学习方法的水稻敏感叶位全氮含量估测模型,为构建高性能的氮素营养定量诊断模型提供思路和方法。水稻田间试验于2017—2018年在江西省南昌市成新农场进行,供试水稻品种为两优培九,设置4个施氮水平(施氮水平从低到高为0、210、300和390 kg·hm-2)。在水稻幼穗分化期和齐穗期,分别扫描获取水稻顶部第一完全展开叶叶片(顶1叶)、顶部第二完全展开叶叶片(顶2叶)以及顶部第三完全展开叶叶片(顶3叶)图像,共4 800张图像。通过图像处理技术获取25项水稻扫描叶颜色和几何形态特征,采用多元线性回归进行全氮含量估测,筛选出两个时期的敏感叶位,并应用机器学习方法建立水稻敏感叶位的全氮含量估测模型。与人工测量相比,通过图像处理方法获取的水稻叶片长宽平均相对误差分别为0.328%、3.404%;幼穗分化期顶3叶和齐穗期顶2叶较其他同期叶位更为敏感,且以幼穗分化期顶3叶最为敏感;应用机器学习建立的水稻敏感叶位全氮含量估测模型略优于多元线性回归模型,且采用BP神经网络建模最佳,幼穗分化期顶3叶模型验证集的RMSEv=0.089、MREv=0.034、 $R^{2}_{v}$=0.887,齐穗期顶2叶模型验证集的RMSEv=0.132、MREv=0.046、$R^{2}_{v}$=0.820。幼穗分化期顶3叶和齐穗期顶2叶的叶片图像特征最具有代表性,进行全氮含量估测更具可行性,可作为水稻氮素营养诊断的有效叶位。

关键词: 水稻, 叶片全氮含量, 多元线性回归, 机器学习, 支持向量机, BP神经网络

Abstract:

In order to explore the quantitative description of the relationship between the external color, geometric shape characteristics of rice leaf growth and its total nitrogen content, it can quickly and accurately diagnose the nitrogen nutrition status of rice. In this study, the sensitive leaf positions for total nitrogen content estimation were screened out, and the models based on multiple linear regression and machine learning methods for total nitrogen content estimation of rice sensitive leaf positions were compared, which provided ideas and methods for establishing high-performance quantitative diagnosis model of nitrogen nutrition. The field experiment of rice was carried out in Chengxin farm, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2018. The tested rice variety was LYP9. Four nitrogen application levels (0, 210, 300 and 390 kg·hm-2 from low to high) were set. At the panicle differentiation stage and full heading stage of rice, 4 800 images of the first fully expanded leaf (1st leaf), the second fully expanded leaf (2nd leaf) and the third fully expanded leaf (3rd leaf) at the top of rice were obtained by scanning. Twenty-five scanning leaf color and geometric shape characteristics of rice were acquired by image processing technology, and the sensitive leaf positions in two periods were screened by multiple linear regression, and the total nitrogen content estimation model of rice sensitive leaf positions was established by machine learning method. The average relative errors of the length and width of rice leaves obtained by image processing method were 0.328% and 3.404% respectively, compared with the manual measurement; the 3rd leaf at the panicle differentiation stage and the 2nd leaf at the full heading stage were more sensitive than other leaf positions at the same period, and the 3rd leaf at the panicle differentiation stage was the most sensitive; the model of estimating the total nitrogen content in sensitive leaves of rice based on machine learning was slightly better than the multiple linear regression, and BP neural network was the best, RMSEv=0.089, MREv=0.034,$R^{2}_{v}$=0.887 in the 3rd leaf at the panicle differentiation stage; RMSEv=0.132, MREv=0.046,$R^{2}_{v}$=0.820 in the top 2nd leaf at the full heading stage. The 3rd leaf of the panicle differentiation stage and the 2nd leaf of the full heading stage were the most representative and more feasible to estimate the total nitrogen content, which can be used as an effective leaf position for nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of rice.

Key words: rice, leaf total nitrogen content, multiple linear regression, machine learning, support vector machine, BP neural network

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