腐熟剂与生物炭协同强化秸秆还田对土壤质量和水稻生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240427

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1139-1148.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240427

腐熟剂与生物炭协同强化秸秆还田对土壤质量和水稻生长的影响

苏扬¹(), 商小兰², 钱忠明³, 吴林根³, 黄佳琦³, 庄海峰⁴, 赵宇飞⁴, 党洪阳⁵, 徐立军³^,^*()

1.浙江工商大学杭州商学院艺术设计学院,浙江杭州 311599
2.杭州市农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州 310020
3.桐庐县农业技术推广中心,浙江桐庐 311500
4.浙江科技大学浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江杭州 310023
5.常山县农业农村局,浙江常山 324299

收稿日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:苏扬(1984—),男,浙江丽水人,硕士,主要从事生态农业、生态景观研究。E-mail:1592696972@qq.com
通讯作者: *徐立军,E-mail:xlj3012022@163.com
基金资助:
杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目(202209SX17);杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目(202306TD10);浙江省重点研发计划(2020C01017);浙江省2023—2025年粮油产业技术项目“水稻秸秆炭化制肥技术研究与应用示范”

Effects of synergistic enhancement of straw returning to the field with decomposition agent and biochar on soil quality and rice growth

SU Yang¹(), SHANG Xiaolan², QIAN Zhongming³, WU Lingen³, HUANG Jiaqi³, ZHUANG Haifeng⁴, ZHAO Yufei⁴, DANG Hongyang⁵, XU Lijun³^,^*()

1. School of Art and Design, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou College of Commerce,Hangzhou 311599, China
2. Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
3. Tonglu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tonglu 311500, Zhejiang, China
4. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Processing Technology, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
5. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Changshan County, Changshan 324299, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-05-11 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨腐熟剂与生物炭协同作用对水稻秸秆还田后土壤质量和水稻生长的影响,设计5个处理——对照(S1)、单独秸秆还田(S2)、秸秆还田配施腐熟剂(S3)、秸秆还田配施生物炭(S4)、秸秆还田配施腐熟剂和生物炭(S5),通过田间试验,分析不同处理对土壤理化性质、酶学性质、微生物群落结构和水稻生产的影响。结果表明,与S2处理相比,腐熟剂与生物炭共同配施处理下,土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量显著(P<0.05)增加,水稻成熟期土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性分别显著提高16.06%和19.11%,土壤中微生物的多样性和丰度亦得到提升,水稻产量和地上部干重分别增加了11.42%和11.74%,水稻的地上部氮、磷、钾素吸收总量分别显著提高24.00%、26.12%和13.21%。该研究凸显了腐熟剂与生物炭的协同作用在促进秸秆高效还田、改善土壤生态系统方面的潜力,为强化秸秆等农业废弃物高效还田利用新技术的实际应用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 腐熟剂, 生物炭, 土壤质量, 水稻生长

Abstract:

In order to investigate the synergistic effects of decomposition agents and biochar on soil quality and rice growth with straw returning to the field, five treatment groups were designed: control group (S1); straw return group (S2); straw return with decomposition agent (S3); straw return with biochar (S4); straw return with both decomposition agent and biochar (S5). A field experiment was performed to analyze the impacts of different treatments on soil physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, microbial community structure, and rice growth and development. It was shown that the combined application of decomposition agent and biochar significantly (P<0.05) increased the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium in soil as compared with the S2 treatment. The soil catalase activity and sucrase activity were significantly increased by 16.06% and 19.11%, respectively, at the rice maturity stage under the S5 treatment than those under the S2 treatment. Besides, the combined application of decomposition agent and biochar positively enhanced the soil microbial diversity, abundance. Additionally, compared with the S2 treatment, the rice yield and aboveground biomass were significantly increased by 11.42% and 11.74%, respectively, under the S5 treatment, while the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aboveground part of rice was significantly increased by 24.00%, 26.12% and 13.21%, respectively. These findings demonstrated promising practical benefits of decomposition agent and biochar in enhancing nutrient uptake and increasing rice yield, highlighted the synergistic effects in promoting efficient straw incorporation and improving the soil ecosystem, provided scientific basis for the practical application of new technologies for the efficient utilization of agricultural waste such as straw.

Key words: straw incorporation, decomposition agent, biochar, soil quality, rice growth

中图分类号:

苏扬, 商小兰, 钱忠明, 吴林根, 黄佳琦, 庄海峰, 赵宇飞, 党洪阳, 徐立军. 腐熟剂与生物炭协同强化秸秆还田对土壤质量和水稻生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 1139-1148.

SU Yang, SHANG Xiaolan, QIAN Zhongming, WU Lingen, HUANG Jiaqi, ZHUANG Haifeng, ZHAO Yufei, DANG Hongyang, XU Lijun. Effects of synergistic enhancement of straw returning to the field with decomposition agent and biochar on soil quality and rice growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 1139-1148.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理对土壤理化性质的影响柱上无相同小写、大写字母的分别表示在水稻分蘖期和成熟期处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。

Fig.1 Effects of treatments on soil physicochemical properties Bars marked without the same lowercase or uppercase letters indicate significant (P<0.05) differences within treatments at the tillering stage or the maturity stage, respectively. The same as below.

图2 不同处理对土壤养分的影响

Fig.2 Effects of treatments on soil nutrients

图3 不同处理对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的影响

Fig.3 Effects of treatments on activities of soil catalase and sucrase

表1 各处理的土壤细菌群落α多样性

Table 1 Alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities under treatments

样品 Sample	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao指数 Chao index	香农指数 Shannon index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
S1	5 640.90	5 580.43	7.13	99.04
S2	5 760.50	5 680.78	7.10	98.92
S3	5 831.73	5 730.73	7.17	98.98
S4	5 748.72	5 696.04	7.20	99.02
S5	6 211.07	6 142.42	7.30	98.86

图4 各处理土壤门水平(上)和属水平(下)上相对丰度排名前10的微生物

Fig.4 Top 10 relative abundance of microbial communities at phylum (up) and genus level (down) under treatments

表2 不同处理对水稻生长和养分利用的影响

Table 2 Effects of treatments on rice growth and nutrient utilization

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/ (t·hm^-2)	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	地上部干重 Dry weight of aboveground part/(t·hm^-2)	氮素吸收总量 Nitrogen uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	磷素吸收总量 Phosphorus uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)	钾素吸收总量 Potassium uptake/ (kg·hm^-2)
S1	5.87 ±0.12 c	21.72 ±0.16 b	89.10 ±1.16 b	9.59 ±0.18 c	78.86 ±3.62 b	13.49 ±0.25 d	72.76 ±5.26 c
S2	6.14 ±0.19 bc	22.09 ±0.10 a	91.05 ±0.67 a	10.15±0.46 bc	84.38 ±9.05 b	15.46 ±0.24 c	82.61±7.02 bc
S3	6.47 ±0.27 ab	22.05 ±0.18 a	91.75 ±0.84 a	10.72 ±0.51 ab	95.83 ±5.80 a	16.92 ±0.98 b	86.74 ±5.13 ab
S4	6.72 ±0.06 a	21.96 ±0.16 ab	91.73 ±0.78 a	11.04 ±0.39 a	101.62 ±2.27 a	19.11 ±0.28 a	92.13 ±3.83 ab
S5	6.84 ±0.29 a	22.27 ±0.18 a	92.22 ±0.28 a	11.34 ±0.19 a	104.63±1.15 a	19.49 ±0.91 a	93.52 ±2.47 a

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腐熟剂与生物炭协同强化秸秆还田对土壤质量和水稻生长的影响

Effects of synergistic enhancement of straw returning to the field with decomposition agent and biochar on soil quality and rice growth

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