浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2308-2315.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230803
收稿日期:2023-06-29
									
				
									
				
									
				
											出版日期:2024-10-25
									
				
											发布日期:2024-10-30
									
			作者简介:吴雨珂(1998—),女,广东梅州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为重金属污染控制与固体废弃物资源化利用。E-mail:wyk2021@stu.hznu.edu.cn
				
							通讯作者:
					*朱维琴,E-mail:zhwq@hznu.edu.cn
							基金资助:
        
               		WU Yuke(
), WANG Feng, WANG Yifan, WU Xueping, ZHU Weiqin*(
)
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
Received:2023-06-29
									
				
									
				
									
				
											Online:2024-10-25
									
				
											Published:2024-10-30
									
			摘要:
蚯蚓堆肥是畜禽粪污资源化利用的方式之一。该研究以牛粪为主料,辅以不同添加剂于蚯蚓反应器中,采用L16(44+32)正交设计优化牛粪蚯蚓堆肥的生产条件,研究所获堆制物基本理化性状及其对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附性能的变化。结果表明,米糠和EM菌剂可促进蚯蚓生长繁殖,并能改善堆制物的理化性质。在牛粪蚯蚓反应器中添加生物炭、鸟粪石和贝壳粉具有可行性,且以经鸟粪石处理后的堆制物对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附效果最优,吸附率分别可达96.50%和49.95%。牛粪蚯蚓反应器的优化配方为: 以牛粪、米糠、EM菌剂(7∶3∶1的质量比混合)为主料,添加4%的鸟粪石或生物炭,调节含水率至70%~80%,每150 g干基接种12条蚯蚓,堆肥40 d。研究结果可为畜禽粪便的资源化利用和安全阻控土壤中的Pb2+、Cd2+迁移提供科学依据。
中图分类号:
吴雨珂, 王峰, 王依凡, 吴雪萍, 朱维琴. 牛粪蚯蚓堆肥条件优化与堆制物的性状变化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2308-2315.
WU Yuke, WANG Feng, WANG Yifan, WU Xueping, ZHU Weiqin. Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2308-2315.
| 处理 Treatment  |  预发酵物料 Pre-fermented materials  |  添加剂 Additives  |  添加水平 Supplemental level/%  |  蚯蚓接种数量 Number of earthworms  |  堆肥时间 Composting time/d  |  含水率 Moisture content/%  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | PM1 | 生物炭Biochar | 0 | 0 | 20 | 70 | 
| T2 | PM1 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 2 | 6 | 20 | 80 | 
| T3 | PM1 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 4 | 12 | 40 | 70 | 
| T4 | PM1 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 8 | 24 | 40 | 80 | 
| T5 | PM2 | 生物炭Biochar | 2 | 12 | 40 | 80 | 
| T6 | PM2 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 0 | 24 | 40 | 70 | 
| T7 | PM2 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 8 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 
| T8 | PM2 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 4 | 6 | 20 | 70 | 
| T9 | PM3 | 生物炭Biochar | 4 | 24 | 20 | 80 | 
| T10 | PM3 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 8 | 12 | 20 | 70 | 
| T11 | PM3 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 0 | 6 | 40 | 80 | 
| T12 | PM3 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 2 | 0 | 40 | 70 | 
| T13 | PM4 | 生物炭Biochar | 8 | 6 | 40 | 70 | 
| T14 | PM4 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 4 | 0 | 40 | 80 | 
| T15 | PM4 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 2 | 24 | 20 | 70 | 
| T16 | PM4 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 0 | 12 | 20 | 80 | 
表1 L16(44+32)正交试验设计表
Table 1 L16(44+32)orthogonal experiment design
| 处理 Treatment  |  预发酵物料 Pre-fermented materials  |  添加剂 Additives  |  添加水平 Supplemental level/%  |  蚯蚓接种数量 Number of earthworms  |  堆肥时间 Composting time/d  |  含水率 Moisture content/%  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | PM1 | 生物炭Biochar | 0 | 0 | 20 | 70 | 
| T2 | PM1 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 2 | 6 | 20 | 80 | 
| T3 | PM1 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 4 | 12 | 40 | 70 | 
| T4 | PM1 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 8 | 24 | 40 | 80 | 
| T5 | PM2 | 生物炭Biochar | 2 | 12 | 40 | 80 | 
| T6 | PM2 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 0 | 24 | 40 | 70 | 
| T7 | PM2 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 8 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 
| T8 | PM2 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 4 | 6 | 20 | 70 | 
| T9 | PM3 | 生物炭Biochar | 4 | 24 | 20 | 80 | 
| T10 | PM3 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 8 | 12 | 20 | 70 | 
| T11 | PM3 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 0 | 6 | 40 | 80 | 
| T12 | PM3 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 2 | 0 | 40 | 70 | 
| T13 | PM4 | 生物炭Biochar | 8 | 6 | 40 | 70 | 
| T14 | PM4 | 贝壳粉Shell powder | 4 | 0 | 40 | 80 | 
| T15 | PM4 | 鸟粪石Struvite | 2 | 24 | 20 | 70 | 
| T16 | PM4 | 磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals | 0 | 12 | 20 | 80 | 
| 处理 Treatment  |  存活率 Survival rate/%  |  日增重 Daily gain/ (mg·d-1)  |  蚓茧和幼蚓数量 Number of cocoons and juvenile earthworms  | 
|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | — | — | — | 
| T2 | 100 a | 11.1±0.5 d | 0 c | 
| T3 | 100 a | 8.2±0.3 e | 47±4 b | 
| T4 | 0 c | -4.4±0.6 f | 0 c | 
| T5 | 100 a | 12.3±0.6 cd | 5±1 c | 
| T6 | 79.2±4.2 b | 8.3±0.8 e | 6±1 c | 
| T7 | — | — | — | 
| T8 | 0 c | -12.3±1.0 g | 0 c | 
| T9 | 100 a | 19.1±0.8 a | 0 c | 
| T10 | 100 a | 19.1±0.8 a | 0 c | 
| T11 | 100 a | 15.7±0.9 b | 44±6 b | 
| T12 | — | — | — | 
| T13 | 100 a | 13.6±1.6 bc | 63±11 a | 
| T14 | — | — | — | 
| T15 | 100 a | 14.3±0.3 bc | 0 c | 
| T16 | 100 a | 20.3±1.4 a | 0 c | 
表2 不同处理对蚯蚓生长指标的影响
Table 2 Effect of treatments on earthworm growth indexes
| 处理 Treatment  |  存活率 Survival rate/%  |  日增重 Daily gain/ (mg·d-1)  |  蚓茧和幼蚓数量 Number of cocoons and juvenile earthworms  | 
|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | — | — | — | 
| T2 | 100 a | 11.1±0.5 d | 0 c | 
| T3 | 100 a | 8.2±0.3 e | 47±4 b | 
| T4 | 0 c | -4.4±0.6 f | 0 c | 
| T5 | 100 a | 12.3±0.6 cd | 5±1 c | 
| T6 | 79.2±4.2 b | 8.3±0.8 e | 6±1 c | 
| T7 | — | — | — | 
| T8 | 0 c | -12.3±1.0 g | 0 c | 
| T9 | 100 a | 19.1±0.8 a | 0 c | 
| T10 | 100 a | 19.1±0.8 a | 0 c | 
| T11 | 100 a | 15.7±0.9 b | 44±6 b | 
| T12 | — | — | — | 
| T13 | 100 a | 13.6±1.6 bc | 63±11 a | 
| T14 | — | — | — | 
| T15 | 100 a | 14.3±0.3 bc | 0 c | 
| T16 | 100 a | 20.3±1.4 a | 0 c | 
| 处理 Treatment  |  pH | EC/(mS·cm-1) | C/N | OM/% | TNu/% | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 9.10±0.02 ab | 5.15±0.01 g | 11.73±0.05 e | 38.13±0.77 ef | 4.21±0.09 gh | 
| T2 | 9.12±0.02 a | 5.17±0.01 g | 11.98±0.14 e | 37.53±0.39 fg | 4.26±0.02 g | 
| T3 | 8.74±0.01 de | 5.45±0.01 f | 10.59±0.47 fg | 37.75±0.09 efg | 6.09±0.21 d | 
| T4 | 6.90±0.02 j | 9.43±0.12 a | 8.32±0.13 i | 38.87±0.12 de | 9.38±0.10 a | 
| T5 | 9.00±0.04 c | 5.72±0.01 e | 12.50±0.91 de | 37.70±0.28 efg | 4.55±0.16 f | 
| T6 | 9.02±0.01 bc | 6.01±0.01 d | 12.09±0.19 e | 36.61±0.13 g | 4.59±0.15 f | 
| T7 | 8.06±0.02 h | 7.12±0.19 c | 9.06±0.19 hi | 40.73±0.05 bc | 7.57±0.12 b | 
| T8 | 7.56±0.02 i | 7.78±0.03 b | 9.89±0.05 gh | 38.24±0.14 ef | 6.63±0.07 c | 
| T9 | 8.94±0.03 c | 3.52±0.05 k | 18.04±0.17 b | 41.69±0.11 b | 3.95±0.01 hi | 
| T10 | 8.94±0.01 c | 3.31±0.04 l | 14.79±0.38 c | 33.83±0.50 h | 3.68±0.05 i | 
| T11 | 8.94±0.01 c | 3.85±0.01 j | 13.35±0.19 d | 37.53±0.54 fg | 4.09±0.02 gh | 
| T12 | 8.07±0.10 h | 4.55±0.04 h | 11.54±0.21 ef | 38.23±0.50 ef | 5.46±0.03 e | 
| T13 | 8.65±0.01 e | 3.73±0.01 j | 20.90±0.66 a | 45.57±0.12 a | 4.23±0.08 gh | 
| T14 | 8.82±0.01 d | 3.71±0.02 j | 13.38±0.11 d | 37.43±0.70 fg | 4.07±0.04 gh | 
| T15 | 8.42±0.01 f | 4.21±0.02 i | 13.37±0.41 d | 39.57±0.38 cd | 4.83±0.04 f | 
| T16 | 8.31±0.01 g | 4.07±0.03 i | 13.20±0.14 d | 40.47±0.59 bc | 4.14±0.07 gh | 
表3 不同处理下堆制物的基本理化性质
Table 3 Basic physicochemical properties of composting residues under treatments
| 处理 Treatment  |  pH | EC/(mS·cm-1) | C/N | OM/% | TNu/% | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 9.10±0.02 ab | 5.15±0.01 g | 11.73±0.05 e | 38.13±0.77 ef | 4.21±0.09 gh | 
| T2 | 9.12±0.02 a | 5.17±0.01 g | 11.98±0.14 e | 37.53±0.39 fg | 4.26±0.02 g | 
| T3 | 8.74±0.01 de | 5.45±0.01 f | 10.59±0.47 fg | 37.75±0.09 efg | 6.09±0.21 d | 
| T4 | 6.90±0.02 j | 9.43±0.12 a | 8.32±0.13 i | 38.87±0.12 de | 9.38±0.10 a | 
| T5 | 9.00±0.04 c | 5.72±0.01 e | 12.50±0.91 de | 37.70±0.28 efg | 4.55±0.16 f | 
| T6 | 9.02±0.01 bc | 6.01±0.01 d | 12.09±0.19 e | 36.61±0.13 g | 4.59±0.15 f | 
| T7 | 8.06±0.02 h | 7.12±0.19 c | 9.06±0.19 hi | 40.73±0.05 bc | 7.57±0.12 b | 
| T8 | 7.56±0.02 i | 7.78±0.03 b | 9.89±0.05 gh | 38.24±0.14 ef | 6.63±0.07 c | 
| T9 | 8.94±0.03 c | 3.52±0.05 k | 18.04±0.17 b | 41.69±0.11 b | 3.95±0.01 hi | 
| T10 | 8.94±0.01 c | 3.31±0.04 l | 14.79±0.38 c | 33.83±0.50 h | 3.68±0.05 i | 
| T11 | 8.94±0.01 c | 3.85±0.01 j | 13.35±0.19 d | 37.53±0.54 fg | 4.09±0.02 gh | 
| T12 | 8.07±0.10 h | 4.55±0.04 h | 11.54±0.21 ef | 38.23±0.50 ef | 5.46±0.03 e | 
| T13 | 8.65±0.01 e | 3.73±0.01 j | 20.90±0.66 a | 45.57±0.12 a | 4.23±0.08 gh | 
| T14 | 8.82±0.01 d | 3.71±0.02 j | 13.38±0.11 d | 37.43±0.70 fg | 4.07±0.04 gh | 
| T15 | 8.42±0.01 f | 4.21±0.02 i | 13.37±0.41 d | 39.57±0.38 cd | 4.83±0.04 f | 
| T16 | 8.31±0.01 g | 4.07±0.03 i | 13.20±0.14 d | 40.47±0.59 bc | 4.14±0.07 gh | 
| 处理 Treatment  |  Pb2+吸附率 Adsorption rate of Pb2  |  Cd2+吸附率 Adsorption rate of Cd2+  | 
|---|---|---|
| T1 | 96.87±0.01 b | 39.74±0.39 gh | 
| T2 | 96.60±0.18 bc | 40.72±0.22 fgh | 
| T3 | 99.44±0.01 a | 53.84±0.51 b | 
| T4 | 93.87±0.49 def | 50.02±0.84 c | 
| T5 | 97.16±0.10 b | 40.59±0.51 fgh | 
| T6 | 97.40±0.26 b | 41.52±0.24 fg | 
| T7 | 95.15±0.27 cd | 59.37±1.09 a | 
| T8 | 97.25±0.60 b | 44.19±0.52 e | 
| T9 | 94.99±1.43 de | 40.36±0.26 fgh | 
| T10 | 91.74±0.54 g | 38.94±0.69 h | 
| T11 | 93.74±0.45 def | 41.70±1.00 f | 
| T12 | 99.23±0.43 a | 47.41±0.91 d | 
| T13 | 93.54±0.39 ef | 40.48±0.14 fgh | 
| T14 | 93.64±0.20 ef | 40.60±0.46 fgh | 
| T15 | 97.67±0.22 b | 44.90±0.31 e | 
| T16 | 92.69±0.24 fg | 40.63±1.03 fgh | 
表4 不同处理下堆制物对Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附性能
Table 4 Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption properties of composting residues under treatments %
| 处理 Treatment  |  Pb2+吸附率 Adsorption rate of Pb2  |  Cd2+吸附率 Adsorption rate of Cd2+  | 
|---|---|---|
| T1 | 96.87±0.01 b | 39.74±0.39 gh | 
| T2 | 96.60±0.18 bc | 40.72±0.22 fgh | 
| T3 | 99.44±0.01 a | 53.84±0.51 b | 
| T4 | 93.87±0.49 def | 50.02±0.84 c | 
| T5 | 97.16±0.10 b | 40.59±0.51 fgh | 
| T6 | 97.40±0.26 b | 41.52±0.24 fg | 
| T7 | 95.15±0.27 cd | 59.37±1.09 a | 
| T8 | 97.25±0.60 b | 44.19±0.52 e | 
| T9 | 94.99±1.43 de | 40.36±0.26 fgh | 
| T10 | 91.74±0.54 g | 38.94±0.69 h | 
| T11 | 93.74±0.45 def | 41.70±1.00 f | 
| T12 | 99.23±0.43 a | 47.41±0.91 d | 
| T13 | 93.54±0.39 ef | 40.48±0.14 fgh | 
| T14 | 93.64±0.20 ef | 40.60±0.46 fgh | 
| T15 | 97.67±0.22 b | 44.90±0.31 e | 
| T16 | 92.69±0.24 fg | 40.63±1.03 fgh | 
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