磷石膏对葡萄酒渣堆肥进程与品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230941

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2298-2307.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230941

磷石膏对葡萄酒渣堆肥进程与品质的影响

郭永川(), 马永杰, 王星明, 蔺玉红, 罗雁馨, 王欣怡, 张雪艳^*()

宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2023-08-03 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-30
作者简介:郭永川(1988—),男,湖北襄阳人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为农林废弃物综合利用。E-mail:2561116061@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*张雪艳,E-mail:zhangxueyan123@sina.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划一般项目(国际合作项目)(2019BEH03001)

Influence of phosphogypsum on composting process and quality of wine residue

GUO Yongchuan(), MA Yongjie, WANG Xingming, LIN Yuhong, LUO Yanxin, WANG Xinyi, ZHANG Xueyan^*()

College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2023-08-03 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索葡萄酒渣和磷石膏两种固体废弃物资源化利用的新途径,以葡萄酒渣和玉米秸秆为堆肥底物,设置添加0(G₀)、15%(基于堆体有机物料干质量,下同)(G₁₅)、30%(G₃₀)、 50%(G₅₀)、75%(G₇₅)、100%(G₁₀₀)磷石膏的不同处理,探究磷石膏添加对堆肥基质化进程和腐熟后基质品质的影响。结果表明,与G₀相比,添加磷石膏能够缩短堆肥进入高温期的时间4~5 d,提高高温期的最高温度1.8~6.6 ℃。堆肥过程中,G₁₅、G₃₀的碳氮比下降幅度最大。堆肥结束时,G₁₅、G₃₀处理堆肥基质的容重、孔隙度、总养分含量、重金属含量、种子发芽指数均符合标准。利用各处理的堆肥基质进行黄瓜育苗试验,经主成分分析,G₃₀的综合得分最高,G₁₅次之,而G₅₀、G₇₅、G₁₀₀的得分为负值。综上,添加30%磷石膏的葡萄酒渣堆肥产物基质化应用效果最好,过量添加磷石膏反而会起负作用。

关键词: 磷石膏, 葡萄酒渣, 堆肥, 基质化利用

Abstract:

In order to explore a new way of solid waste recycling of wine residue and phosphogypsum, wine residue and corn straw were used as the substrates for composting, and different mass fractions (based on the dry weight of organic substrates) of phosphogypsum were added as the treatments, namely, 0 (G₀), 15%(G₁₅), 30% (G₃₀), 50% (G₅₀), 75% (G₇₅), and 100% (G₁₀₀), to explore the effect of phosphogypsum addition on fcomposting process and quality. The results showed that, compared with the G₀ treatment, the addition of phosphogypsum shortened the high temperature period by 4-5 d and increased the highest temperature during composting by 1.8-6.6 ℃. During the composting process, the largest decrease of the carbon/nitrogen ratio was found under the G₁₅ and G₃₀ treatments. After the composting, the bulk density, porosity, total nutrients content, heavy metal content, seed germination index of the G₁₅ and G₃₀ treatments all fitted the corresponding criteria. The composting products of all treatments were used as the substrate for cucumber cultivation. By principle component analysis, it was revealed that the highest comprehensive score was achieved under the G₃₀ treatment, which was followed by the G₁₅ treatment, while the comprehensive score of G₅₀, G₇₅, G₁₀₀ treatments was negative. In general, adding 30% phosphogypsum into wine residue and corn straw composting showed the best performance when used as the matrix, while excessive addition of phosphogypsum would cause negative effect.

Key words: phosphogypsum, wine residue, compost, matrix utilization

中图分类号:

S141.4

郭永川, 马永杰, 王星明, 蔺玉红, 罗雁馨, 王欣怡, 张雪艳. 磷石膏对葡萄酒渣堆肥进程与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2298-2307.

GUO Yongchuan, MA Yongjie, WANG Xingming, LIN Yuhong, LUO Yanxin, WANG Xinyi, ZHANG Xueyan. Influence of phosphogypsum on composting process and quality of wine residue[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2298-2307.

图/表 12

参考文献 20

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原材料 Raw meterial	TC/%	TN/%	TP/%	TK/%	C/N	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	M/%	BD/(g· cm^-3)	Poro/%
葡萄酒渣Wine lees	42.68	2.25	0.60	1.16	18.97	6.02	1.12	52.40	0.14	75.62
玉米秸秆Maize straw	36.09	0.72	0.07	1.62	50.13	6.89	0.37	15.34	0.09	85.16
磷石膏Phosphogypsum	—	0.025	3.57	0.84	—	4.38	3.02	10.00	1.56	23.32

原材料 Raw meterial	TC/%	TN/%	TP/%	TK/%	C/N	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	M/%	BD/(g· cm^-3)	Poro/%
葡萄酒渣Wine lees	42.68	2.25	0.60	1.16	18.97	6.02	1.12	52.40	0.14	75.62
玉米秸秆Maize straw	36.09	0.72	0.07	1.62	50.13	6.89	0.37	15.34	0.09	85.16
磷石膏Phosphogypsum	—	0.025	3.57	0.84	—	4.38	3.02	10.00	1.56	23.32

处理 Treatment	TC/%	TN/%	TP/%	TK/%	C/N	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	M/%	BD/(g· cm^-3)	Poro/%
G₀	341.5 ±19.12	13.68 ±0.64	5.12 ±0.18	12.59 ±0.55	24.94 ±0.22	6.26 ±0.09	0.58 ±0.02	60.26 ±1.32	0.10 ±0.01	84.37 ±0.77
G₁₅	291.11 ±5.06	11.73 ±0.16	9.36 ±0.57	12.14 ±0.73	24.83 ±0.34	5.41 ±0.02	2.10 ±0.04	59.88 ±1.77	0.24 ±0.01	79.28 ±0.32
G₃₀	254.60 ±9.49	10.18 ±0.19	12.11 ±0.14	11.80 ±0.66	25.00 ±0.46	5.22 ±0.03	2.49 ±0.04	60.68 ±0.92	0.24 ±0.02	76.57 ±0.61
G₅₀	215.71 ±1.40	8.51 ±0.12	15.12 ±0.24	11.43 ±0.28	25.35 ±0.39	4.98 ±0.02	3.06 ±0.09	61.36 ±0.87	0.28 ±0.01	70.23 ±0.55
G₇₅	182.34 ±1.67	7.40 ±0.12	17.97 ±0.52	10.97 ±0.25	24.65 ±0.21	4.77 ±0.04	3.353 ±0.05	59.33 ±1.35	0.30 ±0.01	60.43 ±0.78
G₁₀₀	161.18 ±3.00	6.52 ±0.11	19.48 ±0.33	10.63 ±0.42	24.72 ±0.13	4.55 ±0.01	3.57 ±0.07	60.77 ±1.73	0.33 ±0.01	52.39 ±0.47

处理 Treatment	TC/%	TN/%	TP/%	TK/%	C/N	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	M/%	BD/(g· cm^-3)	Poro/%
G₀	341.5 ±19.12	13.68 ±0.64	5.12 ±0.18	12.59 ±0.55	24.94 ±0.22	6.26 ±0.09	0.58 ±0.02	60.26 ±1.32	0.10 ±0.01	84.37 ±0.77
G₁₅	291.11 ±5.06	11.73 ±0.16	9.36 ±0.57	12.14 ±0.73	24.83 ±0.34	5.41 ±0.02	2.10 ±0.04	59.88 ±1.77	0.24 ±0.01	79.28 ±0.32
G₃₀	254.60 ±9.49	10.18 ±0.19	12.11 ±0.14	11.80 ±0.66	25.00 ±0.46	5.22 ±0.03	2.49 ±0.04	60.68 ±0.92	0.24 ±0.02	76.57 ±0.61
G₅₀	215.71 ±1.40	8.51 ±0.12	15.12 ±0.24	11.43 ±0.28	25.35 ±0.39	4.98 ±0.02	3.06 ±0.09	61.36 ±0.87	0.28 ±0.01	70.23 ±0.55
G₇₅	182.34 ±1.67	7.40 ±0.12	17.97 ±0.52	10.97 ±0.25	24.65 ±0.21	4.77 ±0.04	3.353 ±0.05	59.33 ±1.35	0.30 ±0.01	60.43 ±0.78
G₁₀₀	161.18 ±3.00	6.52 ±0.11	19.48 ±0.33	10.63 ±0.42	24.72 ±0.13	4.55 ±0.01	3.57 ±0.07	60.77 ±1.73	0.33 ±0.01	52.39 ±0.47

处理 Treatment	Cr/(mg·kg^-1)	Pb/(mg·kg^-1)	Cd/(mg·kg^-1)	As/(mg·kg^-1)	Hg/(mg·kg^-1)	F/(g·kg^-1)
G₀	6.66±0.27 e	9.87±0.24 c	0.21±0.02 a	2.81±0.28 e	0.05±0.01 e	0.84±0.02 f
G₁₅	11.45±0.36 d	11.01±0.13 b	0.27±0.04 a	4.78±0.08 d	0.07±0.01 e	1.17±0.04 e
G₃₀	12.72±0.26 cd	12.64±0.20 a	0.24±0.02 a	5.53±0.19 cd	0.08±0.01 d	1.96±0.03 d
G₅₀	13.46±0.25 bc	12.91±0.16 a	0.28±0.02 a	6.26±0.05 bc	0.13±0.01 c	2.43±0.04 c
G₇₅	14.17±0.25 ab	13.38±0.10 a	0.26±0.03 a	7.14±0.17 ab	0.16±0.01 b	2.80±0.05 b
G₁₀₀	14.82±0.27 a	13.39±0.11 a	0.30±0.01 a	7.17±0.25 a	0.18±0.01 a	3.53±0.02 a

磷石膏对葡萄酒渣堆肥进程与品质的影响

Influence of phosphogypsum on composting process and quality of wine residue

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处理 Treatment	出苗率 Emergence rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem thickness/ mm	SPAD	地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of the above- ground part/g	地上部干重 Dry weight of the above- ground part/g	地下部鲜重 Fresh weight of the under- ground part/g	地下部干重 Dry weight of the under- ground part/g	壮苗指数 Strong seedling index
G₀	85.05± 1.60 bc	5.31± 0.07 b	3.34± 0.04 ab	28.20± 0.47 a	2.32± 0.04 a	0.25± 0.00 a	1.02± 0.04 a	0.06± 0.01 a	0.08± 0.01 a
G₁₅	90.08± 0.08 ab	6.00± 0.03 a	3.32± 0.10 ab	28.73± 0.24 a	2.19± 0.03 ab	0.22± 0.01 b	1.00± 0.06 a	0.06± 0.00 a	0.08± 0.01 a
G₃₀	92.89± 0.64 a	5.90± 0.05 a	3.57± 0.01 a	30.27± 0.64 a	2.08± 0.07 b	0.20± 0.00 bc	1.06± 0.02 a	0.05± 0.01 ab	0.08± 0.01 a
G₅₀	84.79± 2.16 bc	5.15± 0.10 b	3.21± 0.07 bc	28.53± 1.07 a	1.83± 0.06 c	0.21± 0.01 b	0.91± 0.08 a	0.04± 0.01 b	0.06± 0.01 b
G₇₅	83.61± 2.67 bc	5.05± 0.02 bc	3.14± 0.09 bc	28.47± 0.86 a	1.74± 0.02 c	0.17± 0.01 cd	0.90± 0.12 a	0.05± 0.01 ab	0.07± 0.01 ab
G₁₀₀	77.92± 0.30 c	4.80± 0.03 c	2.93± 0.02 c	28.60± 0.87 a	1.72± 0.01 c	0.16± 0.01 d	0.77± 0.07 a	0.04± 0.01 b	0.06± 0.01 b

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处理Treatment	得分Score	排序Ranking
G₀	0.84	3
G₁₅	1.81	2
G₃₀	2.46	1
G₅₀	-0.93	4
G₇₅	-1.4	5
G₁₀₀	-2.78	6

处理Treatment	得分Score	排序Ranking
G₀	0.84	3
G₁₅	1.81	2
G₃₀	2.46	1
G₅₀	-0.93	4
G₇₅	-1.4	5
G₁₀₀	-2.78	6