不同改良材料对滨海盐碱土盐分淋溶特征的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1485-1492.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.16

不同改良材料对滨海盐碱土盐分淋溶特征的影响

周文志(), 李素艳(), 孙向阳, 李啸冲, 查贵超, 魏宁娴

北京林业大学林学院,森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京 100083

收稿日期:2020-08-30 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-26
通讯作者: 李素艳
作者简介:* 李素艳,E-mail: lisuyan@bjfu.edu.cn
周文志(1994—),男,河北邢台人,博士研究生,研究方向为土壤修复与健康、森林土壤碳。E-mail: wenzhizhoutuer@163.com
基金资助:
北京林业大学校级项目(450-171901004)

Effects of different materials on leaching characteristics of salinity in coastal saline-alkali soil

ZHOU Wenzhi(), LI Suyan(), SUN Xiangyang, LI Xiaochong, ZHA Guichao, WEI Ningxian

Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2020-08-30 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-26
Contact: LI Suyan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过室内土柱模拟试验,研究添加木醋液(稀释400倍,用量200 mL)、粉煤灰(10%土壤体积分数)和园林废弃物堆肥(4%土壤质量分数)对盐碱化土壤盐分淋溶的影响,分析土壤淋溶液和淋溶后土壤的电导率(EC)值、pH值,及水溶性离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO^2-₄、CO^2-₃、HCO^-₃)的变化特征。结果显示:以淋溶液EC值低于2 mS·cm^-1为标准,相比对照(CK),添加木醋液、粉煤灰、园林废弃物堆肥分别可使淋溶时间缩短6、12、2 d,加速水溶性离子的淋溶。添加粉煤灰淋溶后,土壤pH值、EC值均较CK显著(P<0.05)降低;添加木醋液、园林废弃物堆肥淋溶后,土壤pH值较CK显著(P<0.05)降低,而土壤EC值显著(P<0.05)升高。综合考虑,试验条件下,以添加粉煤灰对促进盐分离子淋溶的效果最好。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 园林废弃物堆肥, 木醋液, 滨海盐碱土, 土柱淋溶

Abstract:

In the present study, the effect of addition of wood vinegar (diluted 400 time, 200 mL), fly ash (soil volume fraction of 10%) and garden waste compost (soil mass fraction of 4%) on leaching characteristics of salinity in coastal saline-alkali soil were examined via soil column experiment. The changes of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and water-soluble ions (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, SO^2-₄、CO^2-₃、HCO^-₃) in the leaching solution and soil after leaching were determined. It was shown that, compared with CK, addition of wood vinegar, fly ash and garden waste compost could increase the leaching of water-soluble ions and reduce the time consumption by 6, 12, 2 d, respectively, when the EC of leaching solution was reduced to 2 mS·cm^-1 and below. With addition of fly ash, the soil pH and EC in soil were significantly (P<0.05) decreased after leaching. However, with addition of wood vinegar or garden waste compost, the soil pH was significantly (P<0.05) decreased, yet soil EC was significantly (P<0.05) increased after leaching. Therefore, under the experiment conditions, addition of fly ash showed the best promotion effect on salinity leaching.

Key words: fly ash, garden waste compost, wood vinegar, coastal saline-alkali soil, soil column leaching

中图分类号:

S156.4

周文志, 李素艳, 孙向阳, 李啸冲, 查贵超, 魏宁娴. 不同改良材料对滨海盐碱土盐分淋溶特征的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1485-1492.

ZHOU Wenzhi, LI Suyan, SUN Xiangyang, LI Xiaochong, ZHA Guichao, WEI Ningxian. Effects of different materials on leaching characteristics of salinity in coastal saline-alkali soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1485-1492.

图/表 7

表1 供试材料的基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of test materials

试验材料 Experiment material	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	Na⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Ca²⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Mg²⁺/(g· kg^-1)	K⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Cl^-/(g· kg^-1)	$SO 4 2 -$ / (g·kg^-1)	$CO 3 2 -$ + $HCO 3 -$ / (g·kg^-1)
滨海盐碱土	8.35	3.56	1.66	0.23	0.22	0.11	4.16	0.89	0.62
Coastal saline-alkali soil
粉煤灰Fly ash	8.01	1.20	0.30	1.01	0.21	0.09	0.45	2.23	0.42
园林废弃物堆肥	7.56	5.53	0.43	1.06	0.48	0.38	3.93	4.06	1.09
Garden waste compost
木醋液Wood vinegar	3.00	4.14	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

表1 供试材料的基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of test materials

试验材料 Experiment material	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	Na⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Ca²⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Mg²⁺/(g· kg^-1)	K⁺/(g· kg^-1)	Cl^-/(g· kg^-1)	$SO 4 2 -$ / (g·kg^-1)	$CO 3 2 -$ + $HCO 3 -$ / (g·kg^-1)
滨海盐碱土	8.35	3.56	1.66	0.23	0.22	0.11	4.16	0.89	0.62
Coastal saline-alkali soil
粉煤灰Fly ash	8.01	1.20	0.30	1.01	0.21	0.09	0.45	2.23	0.42
园林废弃物堆肥	7.56	5.53	0.43	1.06	0.48	0.38	3.93	4.06	1.09
Garden waste compost
木醋液Wood vinegar	3.00	4.14	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

图1 淋溶装置示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of leaching device

图2 不同处理下土壤淋洗液电导率(EC)的变化

Fig.2 Changes of electrical conductivity (EC) of leaching solution under different treatments

图3 不同处理下土壤淋溶液中主要阳离子的浓度变化

Fig.3 Changes of main cations concentrations in leaching solution under different treatments

图4 不同处理下土壤淋溶液中主要阴离子的浓度变化

Fig.4 Changes of main anions concentrations in leaching solution under different treatments

表2 不同处理淋溶后土壤的盐分指标

Table 2 Salinity indexes of soil after leaching under different treatments

处理 Treatment	pH	EC/(mS· cm^-1)	SAR
CK	7.93±0.13 a	0.24±0.05 b	13.19±0.13 c
T1	7.78±0.11 b	0.27±0.07 a	13.28±0.06 b
T2	7.71±0.07 c	0.19±0.05 c	5.72±0.08 d
T3	7.77±0.08 b	0.29±0.09 a	15.14±0.04 a

表3 不同处理下淋溶后土壤中主要盐分离子的含量

Table 3 Contents of main ions in soil after leaching under different treatments mg·kg-1

处理	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$CO 3 2 -$ + $HCO 3 -$
Treatment
CK	21.39±0.12 b	113.58±0.03 c	83.21±0.09 c	65.11±0.16 b	58.43±0.12 b	89.02±0.03 b	60.02±0.06 c
T1	16.85±0.06 b	115.14±0.05 b	88.32±0.05 b	62.01±0.11 c	41.81±0.09 c	80.85±0.05 c	66.5±0.08 b
T2	18.39±0.11 b	42.58±0.10 d	68.54±0.14 d	42.28±0.05 d	23.60±0.05 d	68.40±0.07 d	35.84±0.09 d
T3	42.30±0.14 a	141.67±0.07 a	98.62±0.11 a	76.46±0.07 a	62.14±0.06 a	98.51±0.09 a	78.68±0.11 a

表3 不同处理下淋溶后土壤中主要盐分离子的含量

Table 3 Contents of main ions in soil after leaching under different treatments mg·kg-1

处理	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$SO 4 2 -$	$CO 3 2 -$ + $HCO 3 -$
Treatment
CK	21.39±0.12 b	113.58±0.03 c	83.21±0.09 c	65.11±0.16 b	58.43±0.12 b	89.02±0.03 b	60.02±0.06 c
T1	16.85±0.06 b	115.14±0.05 b	88.32±0.05 b	62.01±0.11 c	41.81±0.09 c	80.85±0.05 c	66.5±0.08 b
T2	18.39±0.11 b	42.58±0.10 d	68.54±0.14 d	42.28±0.05 d	23.60±0.05 d	68.40±0.07 d	35.84±0.09 d
T3	42.30±0.14 a	141.67±0.07 a	98.62±0.11 a	76.46±0.07 a	62.14±0.06 a	98.51±0.09 a	78.68±0.11 a

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不同改良材料对滨海盐碱土盐分淋溶特征的影响

Effects of different materials on leaching characteristics of salinity in coastal saline-alkali soil

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