嗜热菌筛选及其促进沼渣和虫粪共堆肥的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.18

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 647-657.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.03.18

嗜热菌筛选及其促进沼渣和虫粪共堆肥的效果

肖小兰¹(), 张浩¹, 付传僡², 刘皓¹, 阮文权¹^,^*()

1.江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡 214122
2.英塞克高效生态农业综合开发有限公司,江苏苏州 215636

收稿日期:2022-03-15 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-07
通讯作者: ^*阮文权,E-mail: wqruan@jiangnan.edu.cn
作者简介:肖小兰(1986—),女,江西吉安人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事固体废弃物资源化利用研究。E-mail: 516140212@qq.com
基金资助:
江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)(BE2020755);国家重点研发计划“绿色生物制造”重点专项(2021YFC2102200)

Screening thermophiles to promote co-composting of biogas residue and black soldier fly larval frass

XIAO Xiaolan¹(), ZHANG Hao¹, FU Chuanhui², LIU Hao¹, RUAN Wenquan¹^,^*()

1. School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
2. Insek High Efficiency Ecological Agriculture Comprehensive Development Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215636, Jiangsu, China

Received:2022-03-15 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于餐厨有机浆液厌氧沼渣和黑水虻虫粪共堆肥的高温期筛选嗜热菌,通过酶活分析,优选能够高效降解有机物的菌株复配成嗜热菌剂进行接种,考查接种嗜热菌剂后沼渣和虫粪共堆肥的效果。结果表明,本研究共筛选得到4株细菌和4株真菌,其中,属于地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)和空气芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aerius)的细菌菌株具有较高的糖化酶、纤维素酶、漆酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和木聚糖酶活性,属于疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)和烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)的真菌菌株具有较高的纤维素酶和漆酶活性。将上述4种菌株复配并接种于沼渣和虫粪共堆肥后,与不接种的空白组相比,高温期延长了2 d,有机质降解率、种子发芽指数、腐殖质含量和胡富比分别由12.09%、85.98%、107.95 g·kg^-1、2.67提高到15.08%、90.77%、117.40 g·kg^-1、3.01。此外,接种嗜热菌剂后,堆肥第5天的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度分别提高到76.84%和18.12%,而酵母菌目(Saccharomycetales)的相对丰度下降到1.70%。综上,接种嗜热菌剂可延长堆肥高温期,降低植物毒性,促进腐殖化进程,优化微生物群落结构,提高堆肥质量和效率。

关键词: 共堆肥, 嗜热菌, 腐殖化, 微生物

Abstract:

Thermophiles were screened from the thermophilic phase of co-composting of biogas residue of kitchen organic slurry (BR) and black soldier fly larval frass (LF). The strains those could present high activities of degrading organic matter were selected to be compounded into thermophilic inoculum, and the effects of thermophilic inoculum on co-composting of BR and LR were examined. It was shown that 4 bacterial strains and 4 fungi strains were isolated. Among them, the isolated bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus aerius had higher activities of glucoamylase, cellulase, laccase, urease, protease and xylanase, and the isolated fungi strains of Thermomyces lanuginosus and Aspergillus fumigatus had higher activities of cellulase and laccase. After compounding and inoculating the above four strains into the co-composting of BR and LF, the thermophilic phase of co-composting was prolonged for 2 days compared with the blank group, and the degradation rate of organic matter, germination index, humic substance content and the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid were increased from 12.09%, 85.98%, 107.95 g·kg^-1, 2.67 to 15.08%, 90.77%, 117.40 g·kg^-1, 3.01, respectively. In addition, inoculation of thermophilic inoculum increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria to 76.84% and 18.12%, respectively, on the fifth day of composting, yet decreased the relative abundance of Saccharomycetales to 1.70%. In general, inoculation of thermophilic inoculum could prolong the period of thermophilic phase, reduce plant toxicity, promote humification process, optimize microbial community structure and improve the quality and efficiency of composting.

Key words: co-composting, thermophiles, humification, microorganism

中图分类号:

X705

肖小兰, 张浩, 付传僡, 刘皓, 阮文权. 嗜热菌筛选及其促进沼渣和虫粪共堆肥的效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(3): 647-657.

XIAO Xiaolan, ZHANG Hao, FU Chuanhui, LIU Hao, RUAN Wenquan. Screening thermophiles to promote co-composting of biogas residue and black soldier fly larval frass[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(3): 647-657.

图/表 7

表1 堆肥原料的基础理化性质

Table 1 Basic properties of raw materials for composting

原料 Raw material	含水率 Moisture content/%	总碳 Total C/ (g·kg^-1)	总氮 Total N/ (g·kg^-1)	C/N	pH	P₂O₅/ (g·kg^-1)	K₂O/ (g·kg^-1)
沼渣Biogas residue	89.16±0.52	274.4±4.8	40.7±1.0	6.52±0.01	8.51±0.12	68.6±2.4	40.6±2.6
虫粪Larval frass	59.88±0.25	336.9±14.5	39.9±1.1	8.12±0.20	9.12±0.12	65.4±1.9	64.3±5.3
水稻秸秆Rice straw	12.15±0.06	396.6±14.6	12.0±0.7	32.65±0.69	—	2.9±0.8	94.4±2.9

图1 分离到的细菌(a)和真菌(b)菌株的酶活

Fig.1 Enzyme activities of isolated bacteria (a) and fungi (b) strains

图2 堆肥过程中的温度(a)和种子发芽指数(GI)(b)变化

Fig.2 Dynamics of temperature (a) and germination index (GI) (b) during composting

图3 堆肥过程中有机质(a)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)(b)含量的变化

Fig.3 Dynamics of organic matter (a) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (b) contents during composting

图4 堆肥过程中腐殖质(a)、富里酸(b)、胡敏酸(c)含量和胡富比(d)的变化

Fig.4 Dynamics of humic substance (a), fulvic aic (b), humic acid (c) contents and ration of humic acid to fluvic acid (HA/FA) (d) during composting

图5 堆肥原料(a)、空白组堆肥最终产品(b)、接种组堆肥最终产品(c)的三维荧光光谱 EX,激发波长;EM,发射波长。

Fig.5 Three dimensional fluorescence spectra raw material (a), final composting product in blank group(b) and final composting product in inoculation group (c) EX, Excitation wavelength; EM, Emission wavelength

图6 堆肥过程中门水平细菌(a)和目水平真菌(b)相对丰度的变化 B和I分别代表空白组和接种组;5、15和30分别代表第5、15、30天的堆肥样品。

Fig.6 Changes of relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level (a) and fungi at order level (b) during composting B and I represent the blank group and inoculation group, respectively. 5,15, 30 represent composting samples on 5, 15, 30 d, respectively.

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嗜热菌筛选及其促进沼渣和虫粪共堆肥的效果

Screening thermophiles to promote co-composting of biogas residue and black soldier fly larval frass

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