玉米芯生物炭对辣椒连作土壤性质和辣椒生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.01.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 156-163.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.01.17

玉米芯生物炭对辣椒连作土壤性质和辣椒生长的影响

王薇薇¹(), 梅燚¹, 吴永成¹, 万红建², 陈长军³, 郑青松³, 郑佳秋¹^,^*()

1.江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城 224002
2.浙江省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.南京农业大学植物保护学院,江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-21
通讯作者: *郑佳秋,E-mail:zjq5752279@163.com
作者简介:王薇薇(1988—),女,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要从事蔬菜育种和栽培工作。E-mail:582615451@qq.com
基金资助:
江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目(PZCZ201715);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211113)

Effects of corncob biochar application on soil characteristics and pepper growth under continuous cropping

WANG Weiwei¹(), MEI Yi¹, WU Yongcheng¹, WAN Hongjian², CHEN Changjun³, ZHENG Qingsong³, ZHENG Jiaqiu¹^,^*()

1. Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Areas, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu, China
2. Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2021-12-10 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以辣椒连作土壤为研究对象,添加不同量(5、10、20、30 t·hm^-2)的玉米芯生物炭,通过测定土壤基本理化性质、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)和植株生长指标的变化,探讨生物炭施用对连作土壤和辣椒生长的影响。结果表明:与不添加生物炭的CK相比,添加适量生物炭显著(P<0.05)提高了辣椒连作土壤的有机碳(SOC)、全氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量,但降低了全钾含量。施用生物炭较CK显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤MBC/MBN和土壤MBC/SOC。当生物炭添加量≥10 t·hm^-2时,土壤MBC、MBN含量较CK显著(P<0.05)增加;当生物炭添加量为10~20 t·hm^-2时,土壤MBN/TN较CK显著(P<0.05)提高。相关性分析表明,土壤MBC、MBN与土壤全氮、有机碳、全磷、有效磷呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与土壤全钾呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。当生物炭用量为5~20 t·hm^-2时,辣椒植株的单株产量较CK显著(P<0.05)增加,且当施用量为20 t·hm^-2时,辣椒植株的单株产量在试验条件下达最大值,但更高量的生物炭并不会进一步促进辣椒的生长。综上,施用适量生物炭可改善辣椒连作土壤的微生态环境,提高土壤肥力,促进辣椒生长,提高辣椒产量。

关键词: 生物炭, 连作土壤, 土壤理化性质, 微生物量碳, 微生物量氮

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of biochar application on soil physiochemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and and plant growth indexes, different rates (5, 10, 20, 30 t·hm^-2) of corncob biochar were added to pepper continuous cropping soils in the present study. It was shown that application of appropriate rate of biochar significantly (P<0.05) increased the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium as compared with the CK treatment without biochar application, yet decreased the total potassium content in soil. The soil MBC/MBN and MBC/SOC were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with application of biochar as compared with CK. When the biochar addition rate was above or equal to 10 t·hm^-2, the soil MBC and MBN contents were significantly (P<0.05) increased as compared with CK. When the biochar addition rate was 10-20 t·hm^-2, the soil MBN/TN was significantly (P<0.05) increased as compared with CK. The correlationship analysis showed that the soil MBC and MBN were significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, and were significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with soil total potassium. When the application rate of biochar was 5-20 t·hm^-2, the pepper yield per plant was significantly (P<0.05) increased as compared with CK, and the highest value was recorded under the application rate of 20 t·hm^-2. But, the higher application rate did not support the further increase of pepper yield. In conclusion, the modest biochar application could improve soil micro-environment and soil fertility, promote pepper growth and increase pepper yield.

Key words: biochar, continuous cropping soil, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen

中图分类号:

王薇薇, 梅燚, 吴永成, 万红建, 陈长军, 郑青松, 郑佳秋. 玉米芯生物炭对辣椒连作土壤性质和辣椒生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(1): 156-163.

WANG Weiwei, MEI Yi, WU Yongcheng, WAN Hongjian, CHEN Changjun, ZHENG Qingsong, ZHENG Jiaqiu. Effects of corncob biochar application on soil characteristics and pepper growth under continuous cropping[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(1): 156-163.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	pH	SOC/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ (g·kg^-1)	SOC/ TN	TP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	TK/ (g·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	7.49± 0.13 a	8.30± 0.18 d	0.90± 0.05 c	9.28± 0.39 d	881.28± 83.06 c	33.97± 3.78 b	2.26± 0.05 ab	259.50± 6.87 b
T1	7.43± 0.07 a	12.78± 0.86 c	1.02± 0.09 bc	12.59± 0.34 c	1 016.50± 72.98 bc	34.03± 4.36 b	2.27± 0.03 a	296.35± 9.54 a
T2	7.41± 0.10 a	14.45± 1.28 c	1.09± 0.14 b	13.34± 0.56 c	974.13± 11.94 bc	44.56± 2.97 b	2.23± 0.02 ab	310.83± 10.56 a
T3	7.40± 0.10 a	23.11± 1.58 b	1.45± 0.11 a	15.94± 0.09 b	1 132.08± 98.24 b	72.85± 10.28 a	2.11± 0.07 c	294.94± 6.51 a
T4	7.34± 0.06 a	26.31± 1.66 a	1.54± 0.09 a	17.12± 0.55 a	1 354.27± 125.17 a	76.69± 2.90 a	2.15± 0.05 bc	272.49± 11.65 b

处理 Treatment	pH	SOC/ (g·kg^-1)	TN/ (g·kg^-1)	SOC/ TN	TP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	TK/ (g·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	7.49± 0.13 a	8.30± 0.18 d	0.90± 0.05 c	9.28± 0.39 d	881.28± 83.06 c	33.97± 3.78 b	2.26± 0.05 ab	259.50± 6.87 b
T1	7.43± 0.07 a	12.78± 0.86 c	1.02± 0.09 bc	12.59± 0.34 c	1 016.50± 72.98 bc	34.03± 4.36 b	2.27± 0.03 a	296.35± 9.54 a
T2	7.41± 0.10 a	14.45± 1.28 c	1.09± 0.14 b	13.34± 0.56 c	974.13± 11.94 bc	44.56± 2.97 b	2.23± 0.02 ab	310.83± 10.56 a
T3	7.40± 0.10 a	23.11± 1.58 b	1.45± 0.11 a	15.94± 0.09 b	1 132.08± 98.24 b	72.85± 10.28 a	2.11± 0.07 c	294.94± 6.51 a
T4	7.34± 0.06 a	26.31± 1.66 a	1.54± 0.09 a	17.12± 0.55 a	1 354.27± 125.17 a	76.69± 2.90 a	2.15± 0.05 bc	272.49± 11.65 b

处理 Treatment	MBC/ (mg·kg^-1)	MBN/ (mg·kg^-1)	MBC/MBN
CK	162.25±3.27 d	26.83±0.45 d	6.05±0.02 a
T1	177.94±17.97 cd	30.21±2.34 d	5.89±0.08 b
T2	196.73±13.59 c	36.16±2.80 c	5.44±0.05 d
T3	271.58±13.85 a	50.66±2.43 a	5.36±0.03 d
T4	244.81±11.58 b	42.44±1.58 b	5.77±0.07 c

处理 Treatment	MBC/ (mg·kg^-1)	MBN/ (mg·kg^-1)	MBC/MBN
CK	162.25±3.27 d	26.83±0.45 d	6.05±0.02 a
T1	177.94±17.97 cd	30.21±2.34 d	5.89±0.08 b
T2	196.73±13.59 c	36.16±2.80 c	5.44±0.05 d
T3	271.58±13.85 a	50.66±2.43 a	5.36±0.03 d
T4	244.81±11.58 b	42.44±1.58 b	5.77±0.07 c

指标Index	TN	SOC	TK	pH	TP	AP	AK
MBC	0.944^**	0.927^**	-0.695^**	-0.418	0.727^**	0.923^**	0.200
MBN	0.899^**	0.885^**	-0.696^**	-0.386	0.652^**	0.888^**	0.292
MBC/MBN	-0.492	-0.512	0.501	0.227	-0.229	-0.517^*	-0.667^**
MBC/SOC	-0.851^**	-0.913^**	0.531^*	0.501	-0.831^**	-0.778^**	-0.338
MBN/TN	-0.061	-0.025	-0.335	0.086	-0.309	0.054	0.453

玉米芯生物炭对辣椒连作土壤性质和辣椒生长的影响

Effects of corncob biochar application on soil characteristics and pepper growth under continuous cropping

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	株幅 Plant width/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg	植株鲜重 Fresh weight/kg
CK	93.11±6.29 b	96.53±3.20 b	16.36±0.36 c	1.24±0.04 c	0.50±0.04 b
T1	99.10±3.02 ab	105.42±2.64 a	17.18±0.50 bc	1.42±0.09 b	0.58±0.01 a
T2	99.09±5.81 ab	107.23±1.72 a	18.21±0.08 ab	1.45±0.01 b	0.60±0.03 a
T3	103.84±2.66 a	111.13±5.60 a	19.57±1.28 a	1.62±0.05 a	0.62±0.03 a
T4	91.63±4.00 b	94.28±2.21 b	17.30±1.07 bc	1.22±0.08 c	0.47±0.05 b

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